Application of USLE and MUSLE Models for the Prediction of Land Erosion in the Catchment Area of the Delingan Reservoir | Chapter 9 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 4

 

Tirtomarto reservoir, or locally known as Delingan reservoir, is located in the village of Delingan, Karanganyar District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province in Indonesia. Due to its strategic location, the Delingan reservoir plays an important role in meeting irrigation needs for agricultural land covering an area of 1380 ha every year, but over time the Delingan reservoir is now visible. experienced a decrease in its water capacity and resulting in a decrease in water supply for agricultural land. This is due to the large amount of land erosion that occurs. Soil erosion is often reported as the worst form of land degradation with serious environmental and socio-economic ramifications. This study aims to calculate the value of land erosion that occurs in the catchment area of the Delingan reservoir, which can later be handled so that sedimentation in the reservoir can be overcome and the water supply can be maintained. Prediction of soil erosion in this study using the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) methods. The formulation of the USLE method allows planning to predict the erosion rate of a particular land with a slope at a certain rain pattern and soil type as well as land management and use for crops or land conservation. The MUSLE method is a modification of the USLE method. The results of this study obtained the value of the erodibility factor of rain (R) from 2015-2019, the soil erodibility factor (K) of 0.04, the length and slope factor (LS) of 1.99, the factor of land cover plants and the factor of conservation measures. (CP) of 0.04. In the USLE method, the erosion value is 7605.89 tons/year. Then the maximum flood discharge value (QP), surface runoff (QQ), and surface runoff (R) can be obtained so that the erosion value using the MUSLE method is 862.88 tons/year. These findings indicate considerable soil erosion within the catchment area, contributing to reservoir sedimentation, using the USLE and MUSLE models. A more disciplined in analysing and reading the data on the available maps is recommended to get appropriate results. Future investigations on land erosion in the Delingan Reservoir catchment area, particularly those employing the USLE and MUSLE methods, should utilise complete datasets and apply the full equations rather than relying solely on map-based estimations.

 

Author(s) Details

Jaji Abdurrosyid
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos1, Pabelan Surakarta 57102, Indonesia.

 

Fathul Ngalim
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos1, Pabelan Surakarta 57102, Indonesia.

 

Renaningsih
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos1, Pabelan Surakarta 57102, Indonesia.

 

Agus Riyanto

Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos1, Pabelan Surakarta 57102, Indonesia.

 

Gotot Slamet Mulyono
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos1, Pabelan Surakarta 57102, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v4/5277

Concentration Stratification and Crystal Dynamics in Solidifying Ammonium Chloride Solutions |Chapter 1| Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Solidification and Gravity

Many alloys reveal an upwardly directed solutal buoyancy in the interdendritic mushy region as they solidify. Such a situation leads to a solute enrichment at the top of the melt pool and is prone to form segregation channels. Based on both experimental observations and numerical simulations applying an aque-ous ammonium chloride solution subject to side cooling, this contribution dis-cusses the complex interplay of different phenomena that leads to a sedimen-tation bed that is far from being homogenous. Concentration and flow stratifica-tion at the top part of the test cell, interdendritic flow channels transporting both segregated liquid and also crystal fragments into the bulk melt, crystal agglom-erations that form at indentations observed at the exit of flow channels, and collapsing of crystal agglomerations and sliding down of mushy zone seg-ments, all these phenomena lead to a highly unsteady solidification dynamic. These observations are relevant in fields such as metallurgy, materials science, geology, and environmental science and could enhance the design of industri-al processes and contribute to natural system modeling.

 

Author (s) Details

Golshan Shayesteh
Metallurgy Department, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria.

 

Zhao Zhang
Primetals Technologies Limited, 4031 Linz, Austria.

 

Mihaela Stefan-Kharicha
Metallurgy Department, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria.

 

Menghuai Wu
Metallurgy Department, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria.

 

Abdellah Kharicha
Metallurgy Department, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria and CD Laboratory for Magnetohydrodynamic Application in Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria.

 

Andreas Ludwig
Metallurgy Department, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49473-95-9/CH1

Recent Advances in Nanoemulsion for Drug Delivery | Chapter 2 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

Submicron-sized emulsions known as nanoemulsions (NE) are being studied in great detail as drug carriers to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents. With the use of the proper surfactants, two immiscible liquids (oil and water) are combined to form a single phase in NEs, which are thermodynamically stable isotropic systems. Nanoemulsions are stable against creaming or sedimentation because of their small droplet size; the primary mechanism of nanoemulsion breakdown is Ostwald ripening. The typical range of nanoemulsion droplet sizes is 20–200 nm. The size and surface characteristics of the nanoemulsion's droplets have a significant impact on how the formulation behaves biologically. Future developments in drug therapy, cosmetics, diagnostics, and biotechnologies appear to be greatly enhanced by nanoemulsion.

Author(s) Details:

Chinmaya Keshari Sahoo,
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Puri (Affiliated to Biju Patnaik University of Technology), Baliguali, Puri-Konark Marine Drive Road, Odisha, 752004, India.

Amiyakanta Mishra,
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Puri (Affiliated to Biju Patnaik University of Technology), Baliguali, Puri-Konark Marine Drive Road, Odisha, 752004, India.

B. Ray,
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Puri (Affiliated to Biju Patnaik University of Technology), Baliguali, Puri-Konark Marine Drive Road, Odisha, 752004, India.

Jimidi Bhaskar,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharat Institute of Technology, Mangalpally, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V5/article/view/13242

Tanzanian Coral Reef in Peril, are we Fighting a Losing Battle? | Chapter 7 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 8

 Our occasion is from a legal consolidation of opposite processes in the development of insight - differentiation, meant in the rise of new analytical, sectoral trainings, and unification, that consists in the design of fake, complex disciplines principally at the boundaries of science. One of ultimate immature artificial geographic penalties is geosophy, which was decided about a hundred years ago at foul line of geography and philosophy. In fact, essentials of geosophy were present in the works create by ancient Greek and Roman philosopher and theorists, but in the new time the first the individual used the term “geosophy”, was German geographer Ewald Banse. But welcome geosophy busy a place between the learning and skill; the up-to-date, scarcely experimental, geosophy was established by American scholar John Kirtland Wright. So, for also hundred years, this experimental punishment has passed a bothersome way of occurrence, due to two together within, expressed in the type of the regimen itself, and outside (ideological, geopolitical, etc.) factors.The object of geosophy is human outlook, that is, sphere perceived and assumed by man.Nowadays, post-non-chaste mechanics approaches are appropriate more widely secondhand in geosophy - besides geosophical, it is noospheric (created by Pierre Teillard de Chardin and Volodymyr Vernadskyi), cooperative (settled by Isabelle Stengers and Ilya Prigogine), eco-metamorphic (famous too as the beginning of tenable development begun by Dennis Meadows) and desirous (found by Lev Gumilyov). They are established a fundamentally new relation between the subject and the object, qualitatively differing from what has traditionally took place recognized as classical and non-plain geography. One feature of post-non-classic approaches is subject-object union.In particular, the content of the geosophical approach is to accept geographical first characteristics as totals that show the joined unity of the all everyday and human elements. Possibilities of allure request exist in principal part portions of geography. One of the main individual in all geology is the type of landscape. The doubt of allure understanding attests to the fundamental importance having to do with this concept, allure special part in the information of the earth's surface as a having many dimensions sensibility. In particular, the geosophical viewpoint on countryside resides in the beginning of the countryside and ethnicity interplay.From the variety of countryside understandings, two fundamental concepts outstanding. The content of one of authority, dating back to the 19th at fixed intervals, is to see the surroundings as a general exact likeness the terrain, that was elucidated as totality. From various positions, designed in the early twentieth exposition, the landscape is understood as a real existing unchanged material object, characterized by hereditary uniformity, the demeanor of upright and horizontal form and exact boundaries. The place of the earlier countryside ideas and the search for potential of joining bureaucracy is individual of the main theoretical issues of modern the earth's features, in particular, geosophy.It is stressed that the categories of “soul”, “knowledge”, “facts field’ forming a trio, merge spiritual and material, ideal and authentic, emotional and objective elements of countryside in a whole wholeness.

Author(s) Details:

Nsajigwa Emmanuel Mbije,
Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V8/article/view/11015