Emulsomes: A Promising Tool for Lipophilic Drug Delivery | Chapter 4 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 3

Emulsomes, which are lipid-based nanocarriers, combine the advantages of liposomes and emulsions, providing a versatile platform for the encapsulation and controlled release of hydrophobic drugs. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics, preparation methods, and functional properties of emulsomes, highlighting their role in overcoming the challenges associated with the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Key topics include the physicochemical properties of emulsomes, such as their size, stability, and drug-loading capacity, which are crucial for their effectiveness in drug delivery. The chapter details various preparation techniques, including high-pressure homogenization and solvent evaporation methods, and discusses how these techniques influence the characteristics and performance of emulsomes. The potential applications of emulsomes in improving the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of lipophilic drugs are thoroughly examined. Case studies and experimental data are presented to illustrate the successful use of emulsomes in delivering anticancer agents, antifungal drugs, and other therapeutic compounds. Additionally, the chapter delves into the mechanisms of drug release from emulsomes and the factors that affect their in vivo behavior, such as particle size and surface modifications. Safety, biocompatibility, and regulatory considerations are also addressed, emphasizing the importance of thorough preclinical and clinical evaluations to ensure the safe use of emulsomes in medical applications. Finally, the chapter discusses future directions in emulsome research, including the development of multifunctional emulsomes and their potential use in personalized medicine.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dipti Gohil
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Nirmal Shah
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Sunil Kardani
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Kinjal Patel
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Shivkant Patel
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Rajesh A. Maheshwari
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Piyush Sadhu
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Mamta Kumari
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Niyati Shah

Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v3/1076

Evaluating Zeolite and Organo-Zeolite Surface Treated with HDTMA-Br for the Removal of Oxyanion from Aqueous Solution | Chapter 6 | Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 2

 

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br), a cationic surfactant, was added to the Jordanian zeolite in the current work, and this organo-zeolite was then utilized to eliminate the nitrate ion (oxyanion). Zeolite was used in batch trials at various parameters, and the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms equilibrium models were examined at various temperature values of 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45°C. The experimental equilibrium results better fit the Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Redlich-Peterson models than the Langmuir model. Less than 8 kJ mol-1, or between 0.08 and 0.11 kJ mol-1, was the predicted energy using the Dubinin-Radushkevich model; this suggests a physisorption process. Adsorbents such as zeolite and organo-zeolite were employed in the kinetic tests conducted in a column reactor. To examine the data, kinetic models, an intraparticle diffusion of pseudo-second order, and Elovich were employed. The second-order model was used to determine the qmax values for both zeolite and organo-zeolite, which are (0.916-1.274) and (1.720-2.074), respectively. The values of qmax for organo-zeolite are greater than those for zeolite. For both the zeolite and the organo-zeolite, the estimated and experimental capacities at various temperature values agreed well, as indicated by the normalized standard deviation (%SSE). while using zeolite as the adsorbent, the intraparticle diffusion model deviated from linearity and displayed a single line; while using organo-zeolite, it displayed a single line. The zeolite and the organo-zeolite have computed activation energies (Ea) of 90.7 and 13.7 kJ/mol, respectively. The fact that the organo-zeolite has a lower activation energy than the zeolite indicates that it is a superior adsorbent, as indicated by the activation energy value.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Hutaf M. Baker
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, P.O. Box 130091, Mafraq 25113, Jordan.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v2/483

Impact of Formulation Variables on 32 kg/m3 Flexible Polyurethane Foam | Chapter 9 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

Polyurethanes are polymers made up of urethane linkages, which are generated by exothermic reactions between isocyanates containing more than one reactive isocyanate group (-NCO) per molecule and alcohols having two or more reactive hydroxyl (-OH) groups per molecule (diols, triols, and polyols). Polyurethane foams are further classified as rigid, semi-rigid, and flexible foams. The comfort, breathability, flexibility, and robustness of flexible polyurethane foams (FPU) make them especially desirable in the mattress, automotive, and upholstery sectors. This study investigates the effect of various formulation variables on flexible polyurethane foam (FPU) of a density of 32 kg/m3. A detailed observatory analysis is performed to figure out the impacts of toluene di-isocyanate (TDI), water, surfactant, stannous octoate, and amine on unfilled 32-density FPU foam. The concentration of each component was manipulated to study its influence on the conduct and quality of the PU foam. All other factors that affect the final foam's quality, such as chemical temperature, mixing speed, ambient temperature, and humidity, were controlled to minimize their influence and precisely monitor the effects triggered solely by varying chemical concentrations in the FPU foams. For comparative purposes, an ideal foam with the correct amount of chemicals was developed. Comparative findings indicated that amine influences the porous nature of the resultant material, silicone plays a crucial role in delivering strength and stability to the cells and cell struts, stannous octoate provides the foam the strength required to sustain its structural integrity, and TDI has a significant impact on the hardness of the foam. Water additionally functions as a blowing agent which is essential to initiate the foam to rise from liquid components to a compressible solid. Each ingredient has a considerable impact on the chemistry, foaming procedure, and physical characteristics of the finished material. In this study, we discussed some of the more prevalent issues that arise due to insufficient or excessive concentration of chemicals on the development, and quality of the resultant polyurethane foam and offered an understanding of the chemistry and underlying reasons for these problems. This chapter delivers an insightful comprehensive description to the novices in the PU field, researchers and industrial professionals about the correlations between the FPU's structure, physical characteristics, formulation compositions, and chemical mechanisms.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Jaya Maitra,
Department of Applied Chemistry, USoVSAS, Gautam Buddha University, India..

Harshi Jaiswal
Department of Applied Chemistry, USoVSAS, Gautam Buddha University, India.

 

Mahesh N. Gopalasamudram
Chief Operating Officer, Sheela Foam Ltd., India.

Mukesh Sharma
Team Manager Foaming Department, Sheela Foam Ltd., India.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14340

Application of Surfactants in Photoelectrochemical cell for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage | Chapter 7 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 1

 Photoelectrochemical Cell is a Photogalvanic ploy that absorbs light with a high-assimilation electrolyte solution and provides strength for reactions. A increasing interest in Photoelectrochemical Cells has resulted from the search for energy from undepletable source sources due to the feasibility that they could convert solar energy into energetic energy.  Power depository is crucial for wind and solar power production. Surfactants in Photoelectrochemical solar cells offer a hopeful alternative for producing and storing solar power simultaneously. Studying container performance, Critical micelle concentration (CMC) considerably impact photogalvanics, increasing storage competency and conversion efficiency. Surfactants advance cost-effective and experienced Photoelectrochemical Cell development in the future. The assimilation spectra of the systems accompanying and without surfactant were also intentional. Furthermore, the utilization of surfactant publishing for the storage of solar energy and adaptation from solar cell using dyes are too included.

Author(s) Details:

Shanker Lal Meena,
Photoelectrochemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jai Naraian Vyas University, Jodhpur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V1/article/view/11877

Study on Efficient Protein Refolding Using Surfactants at High Final Protein Concentration | Chapter 4 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 9

 The refolding of denatured hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was examined by surfactants at a high

final refolded HEWL concentration (1 mg/mL). Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and
sucrose fatty acid monoester (DK-SS) were used to dissolve denatured HEWL without denaturants
such as guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) and urea. When denatured HEWL was perfectly dissolved
in buffer solutions containing surfactants and dithiothreitol (DTT), the concentration of CTAB was
about one-twentieth times less than that of DK-SS. The concentration of CTAB strongly affected the
refolding yield, and the maximum refolding yield was obtained at 0.88 mM CTAB, which is around the
critical micelle concentration of CTAB. The refolding yield was influenced by the molar ratio of
oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to DTT, and the maximum refolding yield was obtained when
[GSSG]/[DTT] was 1.5. The refolding yield was markedly dependent upon the solution pH of HEWL
and exhibited 80% at pH 5.2.

Author(s) Details

Hidetaka Noritomi
Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/235