Adsorption of Phosphorus and Its Fertilization and Porous Sorbent Using Calcium and Dissolving Magnesium | Chapter 8 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 7

Aims: The aim of this research was to investigate Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)₂] and nano calcium treatments for the utilization of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and formed waste glass. Adsorption of phosphate, potassium, and phosphate on the surface of the magnesium-modified SCG or formed waste glass was measured. The effect of the potassium magnesium phosphate formed on the SCG and nano calcium phosphate on plant growth was evaluated.

Methods: The adsorption characteristics for phosphorus and potassium were studied using a batch method to determine the effect of the magnesium concentration on the modified SCG and the side effects of nano calcium.

After adsorption, the modified SCG product and nano calcium phosphate were applied to the soil, and plant growth tests were carried out in pots.

Results: The maximum phosphate adsorption (65.89% at a phosphate concentration of 45.98 mg/g) was obtained with 2.5 M Mg(OH)₂. When the post-equilibrium pH was close to 9, the ratio of the changes in the concentrations of potassium to phosphate was 1:1, and potassium magnesium phosphate formed on the surface of the modified SCG. The use of nano calcium resulted in a high adsorption capacity of 62 mg/g phosphorus. By considering separation and supporting it on foam glass, a removal rate of more than 90% was achieved for a phosphoric acid solution with an initial concentration of 100 mg/l.

Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide and nano-sized calcium with low solubility could also be supported on inexpensive porous materials to show the ability to recover phosphorus and potassium, or higher adsorption capacities. The potassium magnesium phosphate and calcium phosphate, produced per carrier, were mixed with soil and used in planting experiments, which demonstrated a discernible impact on growth. The application of a fertilizer prepared from EMSCG was observed to have a beneficial effect on the growth of R. sativus, resulting in an increase in both plant height and leaf width in comparison to the control (no treatment).

 

Author (s) Details

 

Hiroyuki Harada
Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobarshiype 727-0023, Hiroshima, Japan.

 

Aisyah Humayro
Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobarshiype 727-0023, Hiroshima, Japan.

 

Nur Maisarah Mohamad Sarbani
Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobarshiype 727-0023, Hiroshima, Japan.

 

Endar Hidayat
Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobarshiype 727-0023, Hiroshima, Japan.

 

Kanoko Naito
Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobarshiype 727-0023, Hiroshima, Japan.

 

Mitsuru Aoyagi
Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobarshiype 727-0023, Hiroshima, Japan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v7/3009

Evaluating Zeolite and Organo-Zeolite Surface Treated with HDTMA-Br for the Removal of Oxyanion from Aqueous Solution | Chapter 6 | Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 2

 

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br), a cationic surfactant, was added to the Jordanian zeolite in the current work, and this organo-zeolite was then utilized to eliminate the nitrate ion (oxyanion). Zeolite was used in batch trials at various parameters, and the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms equilibrium models were examined at various temperature values of 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45°C. The experimental equilibrium results better fit the Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Redlich-Peterson models than the Langmuir model. Less than 8 kJ mol-1, or between 0.08 and 0.11 kJ mol-1, was the predicted energy using the Dubinin-Radushkevich model; this suggests a physisorption process. Adsorbents such as zeolite and organo-zeolite were employed in the kinetic tests conducted in a column reactor. To examine the data, kinetic models, an intraparticle diffusion of pseudo-second order, and Elovich were employed. The second-order model was used to determine the qmax values for both zeolite and organo-zeolite, which are (0.916-1.274) and (1.720-2.074), respectively. The values of qmax for organo-zeolite are greater than those for zeolite. For both the zeolite and the organo-zeolite, the estimated and experimental capacities at various temperature values agreed well, as indicated by the normalized standard deviation (%SSE). while using zeolite as the adsorbent, the intraparticle diffusion model deviated from linearity and displayed a single line; while using organo-zeolite, it displayed a single line. The zeolite and the organo-zeolite have computed activation energies (Ea) of 90.7 and 13.7 kJ/mol, respectively. The fact that the organo-zeolite has a lower activation energy than the zeolite indicates that it is a superior adsorbent, as indicated by the activation energy value.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Hutaf M. Baker
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, P.O. Box 130091, Mafraq 25113, Jordan.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v2/483

A First Principles Study of NO2 on MgO and CaO Surfaces: Structures, Interactions and Vibrational Spectra | Chapter 7 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 2

 The studies on the belongings of the properties of mineral oxide made by dethroning of nanosized metal clusters on the group of chemical elements surfaces on the adsorption and binding of molecules of sole and pairwise NO2 on their surface are investigated by mass functional belief. In this work, we examined NO2 pair adsorption behaviour over the (MgO)9 and (CaO)9 surface clusters by taking everything in mind NO2 bind on cations making nitrite and NO2 binds on anions producing nitrates. In addition, vibrational ranges have been computed by way of the B3LYP hybrid mass functional so that define the experiments [J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 6358] particularly, concerning a transient 1225 cm-1 incorporation during growth of NO2 in MgO supported BaO. The standard of generality of results was proven by equating (NO2)x (MO)9 for x=1,2 and M=Mg, Ca. Finger prints are produced for the sole bidentate M2+-[ONO]--M2+ surface nitrite ion. A novel single monodentate [Ocluster - NO2]2- ion and the chemisorbed Nitrite/Nitrate ion pair, that is, M2+-[ONO]--M2+ + [Ocluster -NO2]-. The results showed, the novel monodentate [Ocluster - NO2]2-, expected responsible for the tentatively observed 1225 cm-1 incorporation, being a temporary towards surface nitrate rather than nitrite composition. This result is consistent accompanying a mechanistic DFT study concerning the beginning loading of NO2 in BaO. Furthermore, our results show the computed instability for a distinct adsorbed Nitrite is 0.36 eV and (1.66 eV) for Mg9O9 and (Ca9O9), while, pairs adsorption displays a 2.82 eV and (3.64 eV) stability. Hence, the adding of second NO2 causes a pronounced surface entertainment, which exchanged of bond lengths and bond angles.

Author(s) Details:

Fathi Hassan Bawa,
Department of Physics, University of Misurata, Misurata, Libya.

Ali Hassan Bawa,
The Bio-Sciences Research and Consultations Office, University of Misurata, Misurata, Libya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V2/article/view/12053

Determination and Removal of Toxic Anions from Guyana’s Aquatic Environment: Green and Sustainable Management| Chapter 5 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 2

 The COVID-19 universal has unfavorably impressed use the globe. Currently the experience is impoverished for green, tenable form of living and practices so that balance this emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has troubled many governmental, business-related, public and tangible challenges. Standard examining processes that are established colorimetric speeded the decision of PO43- and NO3- in the ground and surface waters from the three (3) counties of Guyana. Phosphates and nitrates further their allowable levels in unrefined waters can pose meaningful warnings to the marine atmosphere, allure citizens, and the strength of humans and earthly mammals. This study aims to explore the use of ingot (smaller currency in exchange for larger, cadmium, sea color) ferrocyanides (octahedral aggregates that simplify adsorption of anions generally on allure two divalent middle metals) as adsorbents to ease the eradication of the earlier anions. The consequences accompanied that smaller currency in exchange for larger ferrocyanide is ultimate persuasive adsorbent for treating ground and surface waters that hold extreme levels of PO43-, while it was more ultimate direct adsorbent for doctoring surface waters that held NO3-. Fixed capacities of water samples were discussed accompanying 50 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg of the adsorbent.  The computations of the equating coefficients granted that skilled were two together beneficial and negative equivalences in few of the cases, that intended that raising the portion of drug or other consumable of the adsorbent raised and dropped adsorption, individually. Adsorption hearings were furthered for one use of Langmuir plots and adsorption isotherms, even though in few cases, the general look of these isotherms was not seen. Possible reasons for this incident are conferred in better insight in the paper. The use of sky ferrocyanide to treat groundwater and kill PO43- is not considered established observations emphasize in the report, and the use of cadmium ferrocyanide to speed the expulsion of NO3- is not considered either on account of the potential composition of Co3(PO4)2 and Cd(NO3)2, individually, that otherwise jolted the results. Technologies like those intentional in this place research project endure be investigated and intentional more painstaking (specifically accompanying commendations to the stability of the adsorbents) accompanying deference to the acting of ground and surface water provisions, to further the eradication of PO43- and NO3-, because the results noticed, though a little, maybe visualized to move us tighter towards a green and tenable atmosphere, containing insuring the well-being of the Worlds’ folk and extending the sphere of cost-effective and plain forms that aid in the evacuation of anions from instinctive waters. Green allure designs electronics that hinder further damage to atmosphere and human well-being, while tenable allure is referrers to the result of projectiles for weaponry that defeat the use of perilous elements.

Author(s) Details:

Brij Bhushan Tewari,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, P.O. Box: 101110, Georgetown, Guyana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V2/article/view/9282

Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Insulin Resistance: An Overview | Chapter 8 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

 

The end of this review are to discusses the mechanisms by which insulin resistance develops in the presence of increased obesity, to epitomize the causative relationship between disabled NO bioavailability and insulin resistance, and also to show the counteraccusations of life- style changes to help insulin resistance. rotundity with increased visceral obesity is an seditious condition that leads to insulin resistance. Because the insulin signalling pathway is linked to endothelial nitric oxide synthase( eNOS) activation, insulin resistance is always associated with dropped nitric oxide( NO) bioavailability. lately, accumulating substantiation has suggested that physical exercise and salutary nitrate/ nitrite diets rich in vegetables ameliorate insulin resistance by enhancing NO bioavailability, and therefore give implicit preventative and remedial options for these cases with insulin resistance.

Author(s) Details:

Jun Kobayashi,
Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V8/article/view/8496

Aerobic Brickbat Grit Sand (ABGS) Purifier: The New Technology for Treatment of Wastewater in Rural India | Chapter 12 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 7

 In emerging and underdeveloped countries, rural wastewater treatment is largely disregarded. The most significant impediment to resolving this issue is the high expense of treatment and the lack of readily available technologies. There are four phases to the Aerobic Brickbat Grit Sand (ABGS) purifier. Wastewater travels in a zigzag pattern via partition walls with brick bats filters, pebble sand filters, and charcoal and grit filters to help remove impurities from domestic wastewater. An experimental model for home wastewater treatment was put up in the Environmental Engineering lab at Government College of Engineering Aurangabad, Maharashtra, for the current study. Analytical physiochemistry The percentage removal of pollutants data include Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 92-87 percent, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 93-89 percent, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 80-78 percent, and Turbidity 95-85 percent in August and September of 2016. Following the successful testing of the experiment model, a pilot model for the treatment of boys hostel grey water was established on the same site. The ABGS purifier pilot plant model for grey water treatment has a high efficiency in removing BOD (89%), COD (90%), TSS (86%), Total Phosphorus (77%), Nitrate (93%), and Ammonia (93%). (90 percent ), 67 percent sulphate, oil and grease (82 percent ). The ABGS purifer is an eco-friendly and simple-to-install household wastewater treatment system that uses locally accessible materials. The ABGS purifier is a decentralised technique of treating domestic wastewater. As a result, ABGS has emerged as an alternative solution to the problem of rural wastewater treatment.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Priyanand Agale

Civil Engineering Department, Government Polytechnic, Aurangabad, M. S., India.

Dr. Parag Sadgir
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Pune, M. S., India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V7/article/view/2231

An Overview on NO-Rich Diet for Lifestyle-Related Diseases | Chapter 5 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

Reduced production of nitric oxide (NO) due to obesity and endothelial dysfunction can be causally connected to the development of lifestyle-related diseases such as insulin resistance, heart disease ischemia, and hypertension. In such circumstances, the entero-salivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway could serve as a backup mechanism for NO generation instead of impaired NO synthase (NOS)-dependent NO generation by transmitting NO activities in various molecular types, including NO and protein S-nitrosothiols. Recent research has shown that dietary consumption of nitrate/nitrite-containing fruits and vegetables is an inexpensive and easy-to-use way to prevent insulin resistance and vascular endothelial dysfunction by increasing NO availability; a diet rich in NO can also prevent other lifestyle-related diseases, including osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lifestyle-related diseases. This analysis offers a summary of our current awareness of NO generation and addresses its protection and preventive effects on lifestyle-related diseases via the entero-salivary pathway. Although the role of diet-derived NO operation in lifestyle-related diseases is complex and remains to be completely elucidated, as a result of synergistic effects with other nutrients present in vegetables, the intake of nitrate as a nutrient in vegetables may be beneficial to human health and would be recommended as a nutritional approach to preventing and treating lifestyle-related diseases.

Author (s) Details

Jun Kobayashi
Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.

Kazuo Ohtake
Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.

Hiroyuki Uchida
Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V1/issue/view/2

Generation of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Using Synthetic Livestock Wastewater | Chapter 5 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 2

The primary treatment of livestock waste water is activated sludge, but ions such as phosphate, potassium, ammonium, nitrate, and sulphate remain in the effluent. In this research, the effects of residual ions on phosphorus recovery were investigated using the crystallisation of magnesium potassium phosphate (MPP). The potassium (K) to phosphorus (P) molar ratio (K/P) of the precipitate will deviate from the equimolar ratio if co-existing ions influence the materials. Containing 5.6-20.3 mM ammonium, 25.6 mM potassium, 6.5 mM phosphorus, 0-7.35 mM nitrate, and 0-3.06 mM sulphate, artificial wastewater test solutions were used. The optimum working pH and quantity of magnesium required for high phosphorus removal and recovery rates have been determined. A 10-L aerated and stirred reactor and a 5-L settling tank were utilised by the experimental apparatus. After using ideal conditions, the K/P ratio in the precipitate was approximately 1. A white precipitate containing about 30 g of needle-like crystals was produced by continuous 2-h therapy. The effects of differing concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and sulphate ions in the artificial effluent were also studied. The K/P ratio decreased to around 0.7 and 0.5, respectively, due to an ammonium concentration of 8 mM or more and a sulphate concentration of 3 mM or more. Even at a nitrate concentration of 7.35 mM, the difference in nitrate concentration did not affect the K/P ratio. In the reaction tank, we also studied the generation of products and the actions in the settling tank. With mixing by air agitation in the reaction vessel, primary nuclei generation occurred within 60 s and growth to secondary nuclei was confirmed. The particle-containing suspension overflowed into a settling tank and broke into particles and treated water. K+ in the MPP crystal was found to be eluted by allowing the MPP crystal in the settling tank to stand for 7 h or more. It was therefore concluded that management of the interval between the removal of solids was critical in regulating the solid's composition.

Author (s) Details

Hiroyuki Harada
Department Local Resources, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara-shi, Hiroshima, Japan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V2/issue/view/1