Berlinia grandiflora Hutch and Dalz Ethanol Stem Bark Extract Ameliorates the Effect of CCl4 Induced Liver Damage in Rats | Chapter 4 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 10

The largest organ in the body, the liver, serves as the final organ in biological processes like metabolism, excretion, and detoxification. Hepatocytes are destroyed throughout the procedure, which might lead to problems or liver damage. The objective of the present study was to provide empirical support for the folkloric assertion that the stem bark of Berlinia grandiflora is utilized in the treatment of hepatic disorders. This was achieved by evaluating the effect of the ethanol extract on liver maker enzymes in vivo. Six groups of six Wistar albino rats were selected and each was subjected to different treatments with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), followed by ethanol stem bark Berlinia grandiflora extract (ESBG) for seven days. At the conclusion of the treatment period, serum biochemical parameters were evaluated to determine the health of the liver. Treatment of rats with ESBG (at doses 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg b.w., orally) reduced the impact of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity on liver maker enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Total Bilirubin (TB), with the 900 mg/kg b.w. showing a significant reduction (p < 0.05) compared to the group treated with only CCl4. Serum Total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) increased in rats treated with the extracts, with the 900 mg/kg b.w. dose showing a significant increment (p<0.05) compared to the group treated with only CCl4. The study revealed that the ethanol extract of Berlinia grandiflora stem bark was able to ameliorate the effect of CCl4-induced liver damage, thus supporting the traditional usage of the plant in treating liver-related disorders.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Martin Ntiamoah Donkor
Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana.

 

Addai-Mensah Donkor
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v10/3137

An Experimental analysis of Hepatotoxic-Induced Physiological Alterations and the Protective Role of Cleome viscosa Linn Seed Extract in Animals | Chapter 11 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 The aim of the current investigation search out evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective characteristics of seed extracts from Cleome viscosa Linn. (Capparaceae). Liver flu is a key public health menace, mainly in developing countries with its own government. Quite a lot of medicinal florae have existed identified to have liver protecting activities. C. viscosa beginning ethanol extract seen phytochemical screening. The 2,2-diphenyl-2-print- rylhydrazyl (DPPH) test technique was used to measure the unrefined seed extract of the plant's strength to scavenge free radicals. The genomic DNA nicking assay extract was used to test the raw seed extract's volume to protect against DNA damage. Based on CCl4-persuaded liver damage in Wister albino rats, and the coarse seed extract of the plant was proven for hepatoprotective efficacy. Serum biomarkers (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total protein (TP)) were judged to find out the efect. Histopathological inquiry was also completed activity for all groups of rats to further confirm the findings. The phytochemical screening was helpful for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenes, tannins, and phenolic compounds in the seed extract. The antioxidant assay disclosed that the ethanol rude extract of C. viscosa exhibited free radical scavenging endeavor with IC50 advantage of 17.82 ± 0.32 μg/mL, and this was further confirmed for one DNA damage protection exercise. Rats pretreated with the natural extract of C. viscosa had their ALP considerably lowered (p <  0.05). Histopathological tests confirmed the seed extract's hepatoprotective belongings. According to this investigation, the raw seed extract shown antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Because of this, possibly beneficial from now on to take C. viscosa seed extract verbally as an additional complementary medicine to guard against liver bankruptcy-mediated inhibitory belongings on reproductive function.

Author(s) Details:

Addai-Mensah Donkor,
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Martin Ntiamoah Donkor,
Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana.

Benjamin Ahenkorah,
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

Kwadwo Asante Asare-Konadu,
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Emmanuel Asiedu,
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Richard Mosobil,
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V9/article/view/11907

Sastric Siddha Drug against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Zebra Fish (Danio rerio) Model: A Scientific Validation Study | Chapter 8 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 8

 The present study attempt to judge the hepatoprotective effect of MNK in the Zebrafish model using paracetamol persuaded hepatotoxicity. Numerous studies have confirmed that zebrafish and carnal toxicity profiles are remarkably similar and the transparence of larval zebrafish permits direct in vivo appraisal of drug toxicity including hepatotoxicity in zebrafish.Pharmacological studies were completed activity in the adult zebra bait model in the category of four groups; each individual group held ten animals. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were deliberate as control groups, disease control groups, and drug medicated groups at different concentrations, individually. Histopathological analysis was written.The observed research judgments were confirmed that this novel Siddha expression MNK possess forceful hepatoprotective effect at the both dosage level of 250 mg/l–500 mg/l against paracetamol induced toxicity in Zebrafish. Pharmacological research judgments confirms that the liquid extract of Phyllanthus niruri exhibits hepatoprotective effects against element tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in rodent. The herbals T. terrestris and Bauhinia acuminata present in this place formulation were once documented for allure immunomodulatory effects.Among all ailments, liver disorders are the most average. Although there are many effective medications for liver afflictions, there is still a need for inexpensive medications outside side effects. According to the results of the study, the drug MNK has hopeful dose-contingent hepatoprotective activity and restores the fundamental liver design through its restoring potential against paracetamol-induced toxicity in Zebrafish models. Further study is necessary to recognize the hepatoprotective constituents present in the expression as well as enlightening the mechanism of operation.

Author(s) Details:

R. Gomathi,
Department of Maruthuvam, National Institute of Siddha, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E. Preetheekha,
Department of Kuzhanthai Maruthuvam, National Institute of Siddha, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

P. Shanmuga Priya,
Department of Nanju Maruthuvam, National Institute of Siddha, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

A. Mamallan,
Department of Gunapadam, Mallankinaru Primary Health Centre, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V8/article/view/9860

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Vitex negundo Linn. against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats | Chapter 13 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 8

 The purpose of this study was to determine the hepatoprotective efficacy of an ethanolic extract of Vitex negundo Linn leaves. Vitex negundo Linn. is a medicinal plant that can be found all across India. It is a short Mediterranean plant that is utilised as a folkloric herbal treatment.

Methods: The ethanolic extract of Vitex. Negundo Linn. (300 mg/kg) was given orally to the rats with hepatotoxicity caused by paracetamol (3 gm/kg) hepatotoxicity. The reference standard was silymarin (25 mg/kg). Histopathological investigations of liver tissue backed up the hepatoprotective efficacy. All biochemical markers and histological sections showed an effective significant change.

Because biochemical studies of blood samples from paracetamol-treated rats revealed a significant increase in serum enzyme activities, indicating liver injury caused by paracetamol, and blood samples from animals treated with the oral administration of ethanol extract revealed a significant reduction in serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to the acute hepatotoxic inducing inducing induc Using several marker enzymes and histological studies, they were able to show a considerable reduction in liver toxicity.

Conclusion: Based on these findings, Vitex negundo Linn. is efficient in protecting the liver against paracetamol-induced injury in rats at a level of 300 mg/kg/body weight. These findings imply that Vitex negundo Linn. leaves may help to protect hepatic cells.

Author(S) Details

P. L. Ladda
Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli (MS), India.

C. S. Magdum
Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon (MS), India.

N. S. Naikwade
Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli (MS), India.

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Determination of Bioactivity and Therapeutic Potential of Beta vulgaris (L.) Ethanolic Leaf Extracts | Chapter 3 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 5

 Humans have been demonstrated to benefit from the health benefits of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Plant remedies are still utilised by 80 percent of the world's population in developing countries, according to the World Health Organization. Secondary metabolites generated from plants are macromolecules that have a variety of biological properties that are useful to humans, such as antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant capabilities. Using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry, the bioactive components and therapeutic potential of Beta vulgaris (L.) leaf extracts were determined in this chapter (GC-MS). Perkin-Elmer Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to determine the bioactive chemicals present in Beta vulgaris (L.) leaves powder, and the mass spectra of the compounds obtained in the extract matched the NIST library. The existence of 25 bioactive chemicals with varied area percentages and structural features was discovered using GC-MS analysis of an ethanolic extract of Beta vulgaris (L.). 1,3,5,7-Tetroxane (73.1%), Decane (83.1%), and Azulene (83.1%) are the primary bioactive chemicals (73.8 percent ), 4-Hepten-2-one, 5-ethyl-3,3,4-trimethyl-(71.1%), 6-Amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4 (1H, 3H)-dione(65.1%), Phthalic acid, 4-bromophenyl ethyl ester(83.7%), Neophtadiene(93.1%), Neophytadiene(93.1%), Neophytadiene(93.1%) (88.2 percent ) Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (84.8%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (84.3%), Phytol (86.0%), 9-octadecenoic acid, (E)(88.6%), 2-Hexadecen-1-ol,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-acetate,[R-[R*,R*-(E)]] - (64.0%), 1-Tricosene (72.3%), and 17-Pentatriacontene (17.3%). (65.6 percent ). The majority of identified compounds have bioactivities such as Antimalaria, Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Analgesic, Anti-hyperlipidemic, Hypocholesterolemic, Hepatoprotective, and Anti-androgenic, making them suitable for use as a phytopharmaceutical plant. As a result, ethanol extract of Beta vulgaris (L.) leaves shows promise as a source of pharmacologically important bioactive chemicals.

Author(S) Details

J. Harine Sargunam
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V5/article/view/4931

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Mussaenda erythrophylla Lam. Stem Extracts against Carbon Tetrachloride – Induecd Toxicity in Rats | Chapter 13 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 Mussaenda erythrophylla (Rubiaceae) is a plant native to western equatorial Africa that is sometimes seen in Indian gardens and parks as an ornamental plant. The purpose of this investigation was to see if ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of M. erythrophylla (ME) Stem could protect Wistar albino rats from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of ME (100,200 mg/kg per oral) were supplied as treatment options, with Silymarin (25 mg/kg per oral) serving as a control. The stem extracts were found to be efficient in reducing CCl4-induced liver damage in mice. Serum enzymes, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Total bilirubin all showed significant reductions (TB). Pathological changes such as centribular necrosis and vacuolization were observed in CCL4-treated rats, with considerable protective action in ME and silymarin-treated groups. Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of ME show hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, according to the findings.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Maram Chinna Eswaraiah
Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V&M), Kodad, Suryapet (Dt), Telangana-508206, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V6/article/view/1713

Effect of Sumac on DNA: An Advanced Study | Chapter 14 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 For a long period of time, R. By grinding dried fruits with salt, coriaria has been used as a spice and has also been commonly used in herbal medicine as a medicinal herb because of its athero-protective role and its ability to treat eye diseases, wounds, intestinal disorders, ringworms and skin disorders. Furthermore, R. Coriaria has recently been shown to have hepatoprotective, anti-ischemic, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, and hyperlipidemic impact. This plant has recorded volatile compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and xanthones. Because of its basic set and impressive biological operations, R. Coriaria has been used in some parts of the world, particularly in Iran, both as food and medicine. There is potent antimigratory activity in tannin derived from Sumac. Sumac contains tannin, a material used in the tanning of vegetables. The effect of TANNIN (plant polyphenolic compound) on spinach DNA extract has been investigated. Tannin is extracted using acetone extraction, where ethanol precipitation extracts DNA. By using different concentrations (10 to 30 percent) of tannin, the effect of tannin on DNA was studied. Over incubation time, the optical density (O.D.) values of DNA decreased, suggesting a decrease in density following the addition of tannin that can be protective by restoring DNA or preventing damage to DNA.

Author(s) Details

Umamah Iram

St.Ann’s College for Women, Santoshnagar Colony, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Sumera Naaz
St.Ann’s College for Women, Santoshnagar Colony, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Nousheen Fatima
St.Ann’s College for Women, Santoshnagar Colony, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Dr.  Elizabeth Margaret
St.Ann’s College for Women, Santoshnagar Colony, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Dr. V. Venugopal Rao

St.Ann’s College for Women, Santoshnagar Colony, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/359

Effect of Dietary Ingestion of Ca and Mg on Cd and PbCo-induced Liver Damage in Rats | Chapter 5 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol.3

This study was designed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of the combined administration of
calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) on cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) co-intoxicated rats. Wistar rats
were obtained from the animal House of Pharmacology Department, University of Jos, allowed to
acclimatized for seven days and then divided into five groups of four rats per group in metabolic
cages. Group one was fed with tap water only, while group two to five were fed with the combination
of 0.327 mg/L Pb and 0.079 mg/L Cd concurrently with graded concentrations of Mg and Ca. Their
food was mashed with the same water meant for each group. All the groups fed and freely drank from
the water for a period of fourteen (14) days. At the termination of the experiments, the rats were
humanely sacrificed under anaesthesia, sample of blood was obtained from each rat by decapitation.
Serum was obtained from clotted blood by centrifugation and kept frozen until required for the
measurement of liver biomarkers, while the liver was identified and fixed in 10% formal saline for
histopathological studies. The animal House of Pharmacology Department, Anatomy and
Biochemistry laboratories, University of Jos, Nigeria, were used for treatments, histochemical and
biochemical analyses respectively. Results showed that liver biomarkers in serum decreased as the
concentrations of Ca and Mg were elevated. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the liver
biomarkers concentrations of all the groups as compared with control. The histochemistry show that
there was mild damage to the liver integrity at the lower concentrations of Ca and Mg but as their
concentrations were elevated, there was no significant difference between the liver integrity of control
and the test groups. This suggests that as the concentrations of Ca and Mg were elevated, so also
the mitigation effect on the hepatotoxicities induced by Cd and Pb in the rats was increased.

Author (s) Details

Jonathan D. Dabak
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Nigeria.

Dr.Samuel Y. Gazuwa
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Nigeria.

Dr.Samuel Y. Gazuwa
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Nigeria

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/218

Recent Study Hepatoprotective Activity of Morus alba (Linn). Leaves Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats | Chapter 5 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

Aim: To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Morus alba Linn. leaves extracts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity.  Materials and Methods: Leaves powder of Morus alba was successively extracted with petroleum ether extract (PEE), chloroform extract (CHE), alcoholic extract (ALE) and water extract (AQE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity and using Standard drug is Liv-52.  Preliminary phytochemical tests were done. Results: The ALE showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoides, carbohydrates, tannins and steroids, while carbohydrates, flavonoides, alkaloids were present with AQE. The PEE, CHE, ALE did not produce any mortality. Carbon tetrachloride produced significant changes in biochemical parameters  (increases in serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alanine phosphatase (ALP) and serum  bilirubin.), histological (damage to hepatocytes). using Standard drug Liv-52. Pretreatment with ALE and AQE extracts significantly prevented the biochemical and histological changes induced by CCl4 in the liver.  Conclusion: The present study that shows the ALE and AQE extracts possessed hepatoprotective activity.

Author(s) Details

Dr. M. G. Hogade, 
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, VDF School of Pharmacy, Latur, Maharashtra, India. 

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/192