Study on the Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity with Leaf Extract of Alangium salvifolium Wang on CCl4-Induced Wistar Albino Rats | Chapter 1 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

Liver injury is mainly caused by toxic chemicals, excess consumption of alcohol, infections and autoimmune disorders. Most hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation and other oxidative damage. The present study aimed at Evaluating Hepatoprotective Activity with Leaf Extract of Alangium salvifolium Wang (Alangiaceae) on CCl4 induced Rats. Traditionally this plant is used in various types of liver disorders and is also used as an antidiabetic, anticancer, diuretic, cardiotonic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, Laxative, epilepsy, antidote for poisonings, burning sensation, constipation and haemorrhages.

The leaves of Alangium salvifolium were collected and prepared as ethanolic extracts of Alangium salvifolium (ASEE), Silymarin, Ethanol, and CCl4, CMC, Olive oil, analytical kits from standard companies. Albino Wistarrats(150-180 g) from TEENA Labs.

An acute toxicity study was conducted in animals to identify of LD50 value. Two test doses were selected on the basis of LD50 and conducted Hepatoprotective activity by using the CCl4-induced method. The collected blood samples were subjected to various biochemical parameters (SGPT, SGOT, ALP, TB, ALB, TP and CHOL). Dissected the liver for histopathological studies. The data were statistically assessed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and subjected to Dunnett’s test.

In hepatoprotective activity studies, the toxic group (CCl4) shows elevated levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, CHOL and TBL whereas decreased TP and ALB levels when compared with the control group. The pretreatment of ASEE at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg exhibited a reduction in the serum levels of SGPT(P<0.001), SGOT(P<0.001), ALP(P<0.01), CHOL(P<0.01), TB(P<0.001), and elevated the TP(P<0.01), ALB(P<0.001) levels when compared to toxic. ASEE of 300 mg/kg showed results similar to standard results. Histopathological studies revealed that ASEE exhibited a remarkable recovery as Silymarin does. The results of this study strongly indicate that leaves of Alangium Salvifolium have potent hepatoprotective against CCl4. The hepatoprotective activity of ASEE may be due to its free radical-scavenging and antioxidant activity, resulting from the presence of flavonoids and triterpenoid compounds in the extracts.

Author(s) Details:

Thatipelli Ravi Chander,
Vaagdevi Pharmacy College, Bollikunta, Warangal, India and  Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Anantapur, India.

Yellu Narsimha Reddy,
University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V6/article/view/13410

Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Stems Extract of Anisochilus carnosus against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats” | Chapter 2 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

 This stage highlights the Hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract from Stems of Anisochilus carnosus against element tetrachloride induced toxicity in informer. An ethanolic extract of stems of Anisochilus carnosus (EEAC) was studied for hepatoprotective endeavor against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) persuaded hepatotoxicity in rats. Fresh stems were composed from Sri Venkateswara University dorm, India. The plant material was dried under shade at range temperature, shortened to moderately rude powder and extracted successively accompanying 95% ethanol utilizing soxhlet apparatus.Hepatotoxicity was inferred in Albino wistar rats of either sexuality by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 [CCl4 in brownish oil 1:1]. Ethanolic extract of Anisochilus carnosus was executed to the experimental rats at two prescription levels 200 and 400mg/kg body burden. The hepatoprotective effect of the extract was evaluated for one assay of liver function biochemical parameters like Antitoxin Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Soluble Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin and Total Protein. In ethanolic extract considered animals, the poisonous effect of CCl4 was controlled considerably as compared to the sane and the standard drug silymarin treated group. CCl4 is individual of the most usually used hepatotoxin in the exploratory study of liver diseases. The lipid peroxidative deterioration of bio membranes is individual of the major causes of hepatotoxicity of CCl4. The increase in the levels of serum bilirubin mirrored the depth of jaundice and the increase in transaminases and soluble phosphate were the clear indication of the natural leakage and deficit of functional honor of the cell sheet. Finally, it is decided that the ethanolic extract of stems of Anisochilus carnosus possess hepatoprotective projects more or less contingent upon the dose levels.

Author(s) Details:

P. Venkatesh,
Jagan’s College of Pharmacy, Nellore-524 346, Andhra Pradesh, India.

D. Hepcy Kalarani,
Jagan’s College of Pharmacy, Nellore-524 346, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V4/article/view/12923

Pathotoxic Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Liver Function and Protective Role of Silymarin | Chapter 6 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

 This episode aims to confirm the poisonous pathological effect of ZnONPs on liver function and to evaluate the role of Silymarin restricting or preventing alterations inferred by ZnONPs in the liver function organ.Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), all at once of the most main metal group of chemical elements nanoparticles, are popularly working in various fields on account of their     peculiar tangible and chemical features. Several metal group of chemical elements NPs are being developed to diagnose or treat malignancies, but metallic mineral oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have unusually demonstrated their potential in the disease and treatment of miscellaneous types of cancers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and singular physico-chemical attributes. This experiment was devised to study the pathological influences of ZnONPs on the liver function limits of rats, and to explore the securing action of Silymarin (SIL) against liver function disturbances of rats inferred by ZnONPs. The SIL group animals were treated accompanying 100 mg/kg of SIL for 28 days. All the animals were gone and blood samples were acquired by cardiac puncture in the end of the experiments. To label problems accompanying liver function, the levels of hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and soluble phosphatase (ALP) were examined. The judgments of this study explained that liver function is toxic and pathologically affected by metallic mineral oxide nanoparticles. Silymarin considerably reduced liver-connected blood hepatic catalyst levels. Based on these results, it can be decided that Silymarin effectively protects against ZnONPs persuaded liver function disorders in rats.

Author(s) Details:

Ozdan Akram Ghareeb,
Department of Community Health Techniques, Kirkuk Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, Iraq.

Qahtan Adnan Ali,
Department of Environment and Pollution Technologies Engineering, Kirkuk Technical College Engineering, Northern Technical University, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V3/article/view/11353

Determine the Protective Effect of Acorus calamus Rhizome in Paracetamol Exposure Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats| Chapter 15 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

Background: Because the liver is the primary organ for xenobiotic biotransformation, hepatic diseases or degeneration are still a serious health concern today. Even if there are several antioxidants and hepatoprotectives available, liver deterioration that has progressed beyond the ability to heal culminates in liver failure and death.

The goal of this study was to see if an aqueous and alcoholic extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes might protect rats against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity.

Hepatotoxicity was caused by taking paracetamol orally, and chemical parameters such glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, Catalase, lipid peroxidation, and histological alterations in the liver were compared to Silymarin, a typical hepatoprotective medication.

After paracetamol administration, treatment of rats with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Acoruscalamus rhizome normalised the changed levels of the aforesaid parameters, which may be equivalent to Silymarin and Vit-E. Histopathological analysis of the liver tissue of control and treated animals verified the hepatoprotective action.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, it may be inferred that the rhizome of Acorus calamus protects rats against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. The usage of Acoruscalamus may be indicated for lifestyle-related disorders such as hepatitis, as well as to promote overall health in animals, including humans. Prior to the therapeutic use of Acoruscalamus as an antioxidant, extensive investigations in target species should be conducted.

 

Author(s) Details:

G. Srividya,
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, N. T. R College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, India.

K. Adilaxmamma,
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science Tirupati, Andhrapradesh, India.

C. H. Srilatha,
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science Tirupati, Andhrapradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V2/article/view/6587

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Vitex negundo Linn. against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats | Chapter 13 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 8

 The purpose of this study was to determine the hepatoprotective efficacy of an ethanolic extract of Vitex negundo Linn leaves. Vitex negundo Linn. is a medicinal plant that can be found all across India. It is a short Mediterranean plant that is utilised as a folkloric herbal treatment.

Methods: The ethanolic extract of Vitex. Negundo Linn. (300 mg/kg) was given orally to the rats with hepatotoxicity caused by paracetamol (3 gm/kg) hepatotoxicity. The reference standard was silymarin (25 mg/kg). Histopathological investigations of liver tissue backed up the hepatoprotective efficacy. All biochemical markers and histological sections showed an effective significant change.

Because biochemical studies of blood samples from paracetamol-treated rats revealed a significant increase in serum enzyme activities, indicating liver injury caused by paracetamol, and blood samples from animals treated with the oral administration of ethanol extract revealed a significant reduction in serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to the acute hepatotoxic inducing inducing induc Using several marker enzymes and histological studies, they were able to show a considerable reduction in liver toxicity.

Conclusion: Based on these findings, Vitex negundo Linn. is efficient in protecting the liver against paracetamol-induced injury in rats at a level of 300 mg/kg/body weight. These findings imply that Vitex negundo Linn. leaves may help to protect hepatic cells.

Author(S) Details

P. L. Ladda
Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli (MS), India.

C. S. Magdum
Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon (MS), India.

N. S. Naikwade
Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli (MS), India.

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Determination of Improved Efficacy and Stability of Silymarin Loaded Nanocochleates Over Liposomes for the Treatment of Skin Diseases | Chapter 10 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 6

 Aim: The anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and membrane-stabilizing properties of silymarin, a complex polyphenolic component mixture, are being studied in a variety of dermatological disorders. The goal of this study is to see if silymarin-loaded nanocochleates and liposomal topical treatment can help with chronic skin conditions.

The purpose of this study was to create and assess Silymarin-loaded liposomes, as well as to optimise the process. Conversion of these liposomes into nanocochleates for better drug entrapment, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity against HaCaT cell lines, and short-term stability investigations.

Design Expert software was used to develop and optimise silymarin-loaded liposomes and nanocochleates. To compare their performance, different invitro and exvivo experiments were used.

Methodology: Liposomes were created by injecting ethanol into them, then trapping them with calcium chloride to form nanocochleates. Nanocochleates were optimised using a design of experiments (32 Factorial Design). To compare efficacy and stability, cell line experiments (HaCaT cell lines) and short-term stability tests were conducted.

Results: Nanocochleates outperformed liposomes in terms of particle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug deposition in Wistar Rat Skin, demonstrating their superiority. Both carriers maintained silymarin release for 24 hours. Nanocochleates had a considerable antimicrobial activity against E.coli and S.aureus. The superiority of nanocochleates over liposomes was established by their ability to inhibit excessive proliferation of HaCaT cell lines (a crucial mechanism by which most antipsoriatic medications work). Nanocochleates also had superior stability than liposomes, owing to lower drug entrapment efficacy and leakage.

Conclusion: Nanocochleates containing silymarin could be an effective topical drug delivery technology for chronic skin conditions such as psoriasis.

Author(S) Details

Rukhsana Rub
Department of Pharmacognosy, STES’s Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhwa(Bk), Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University,Pune-411048, India.

Neha Munot
Department of Pharmaceutics, STES’s Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhwa (Bk), Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411048, India.

Akshay Wadate
Department of Pharmaceutics, STES’s Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhwa (Bk), Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411048, India.

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Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Mussaenda erythrophylla Lam. Stem Extracts against Carbon Tetrachloride – Induecd Toxicity in Rats | Chapter 13 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 Mussaenda erythrophylla (Rubiaceae) is a plant native to western equatorial Africa that is sometimes seen in Indian gardens and parks as an ornamental plant. The purpose of this investigation was to see if ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of M. erythrophylla (ME) Stem could protect Wistar albino rats from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of ME (100,200 mg/kg per oral) were supplied as treatment options, with Silymarin (25 mg/kg per oral) serving as a control. The stem extracts were found to be efficient in reducing CCl4-induced liver damage in mice. Serum enzymes, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Total bilirubin all showed significant reductions (TB). Pathological changes such as centribular necrosis and vacuolization were observed in CCL4-treated rats, with considerable protective action in ME and silymarin-treated groups. Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of ME show hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, according to the findings.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Maram Chinna Eswaraiah
Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V&M), Kodad, Suryapet (Dt), Telangana-508206, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V6/article/view/1713