Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review | Chapter 4 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 4

 

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a multifactorial problem, with causes include inadequate eating habits, lack of physical activity, genetic predisposition and environmental influences.

Objective: Understand and analyze the factors that contribute to increased cardiovascular risks in children suffering from obesity.

Methods: This study constitutes a systematic review, classified as exploratory and descriptive. The preparation of the research was a bibliographical search in electronic databases on methods associated with SLR (Systematic Literature Review) and the applications of SMARTER (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique using Exploiting Rankings).

Results: A comprehensive systematic search of the literature yielded a total of 5125 articles referring to the incidence of obesity and overweight in adolescents, of which 29 articles were eligible to be included in this systematic review.

Conclusion: Investing in the cardiovascular health of obese children is investing in the future of a healthier and stronger population. By implementing effective preventive and intervention measures, we can help reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease and create an environment where all children have the opportunity to achieve their full potential for health and well-being throughout their lives.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Vitor Ohana Marques Azzini
State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

 

Cristianne Confessor Castilho Lopes
University of Joinville Region, Joinville, SC, Brazil.

 

Natascha Szumsztajn Beker
Souza Marques College, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

 

Eduardo Barbosa Lopes
Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe University, Caçador, SC, Brazil.

 

Lucas Castilho Lopes
Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe University, Caçador, SC, Brazil.

 

Maria Eduarda Castilho Lopes
Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe University, Caçador, SC, Brazil.

 

Fábio Herget Pitanga
Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe University, Caçador, SC, Brazil.

 

Mushue Dayan Hampel Vieira Filho
Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe University, Caçador, SC, Brazil.

 

Larissa Silva Guimarães
Belo Horizonte University Center, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v4/423

Summer Outdoor Activities and Their Effects on Health Status in Physical Education Students: Gender Differences | Chapter 1 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

The study aimed to assess Physical Education (PE) students concerning basic anthropometry, body composition, and health status as potential cardiovascular risk factors. The authors understand the vital influence of these segments on the anthropological status in undertaking the preparation problems for the PE study's success. During their studies in higher education, one of the main tasks of PE students is to strengthen and improve their health and continue developing their abilities and competencies for future professions as elementary and secondary PE teachers. They need to be good profile models for behavior to promote a healthy lifestyle among children. Young adults who enter the university fall under the influence of specific factors associated with the need to creatively assimilate large amounts of information due to the necessity of forming professional skills and abilities in unique conditions of students' lives. This study was realized within a sample of thirty-seven (37) PE first-study year students (F=7, M=30) during Summer Outdoor Activities at Gazivoda Lake in Kosovo. PE students have to meet and understand that the system of functional physical training has two mutually caused aspects– pedagogical/educational and social/recreational, which suggests the modern physical culture is a holistic (socio-educational) system that actual students do not have experience in former education. The authors evaluated the study data with descriptive statistics and univariate analysis and presented it as tables and graphs.

Author(s) Details:

Popovic D. Jasna,
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Pristina in Kosovska Mitrovica, Dositeja Obradovica b.b, 38218 Leposavic, Serbia.

Popovic D. Milos,
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Pristina in Kosovska Mitrovica, Dositeja Obradovica b.b, 38218 Leposavic, Serbia.

Popovic Ilic P. Tatjana,
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Pristina in Kosovska Mitrovica, Dositeja Obradovica b.b, 38218 Leposavic, Serbia.

Miletic K. Vladimir,
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia.

Purenovic-Ivanovic M. Tijana,
University of Nis, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Nis, Serbia.

Popovic M. Ruzena,
University of Nis, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Nis, Serbia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V3/article/view/13545

Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult General Out-patient Clinics in Nigeria: A Country Analysis of The Africa and Middle East Cardiovascular Epidemiological (ACE) Study | Chapter 7 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

Context: Demographic and epidemiological changes have become significant determinants for the emergence of cardiovascular disease with globalization and rapid urbanization (CVD). In recent decades, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. An estimated 17 million deaths worldwide were attributed to CVD in 2002, and by 2020, CVD or stroke is expected to become the world's leading cause of morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence in urban and rural Nigeria of CVD risk factors in adult outpatients attending general practice and non-specialist clinics. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological analysis of the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking and abdominal obesity in Nigeria was performed as part of the Africa and Middle East Cardiovascular Epidemiological (ACE) Study.

Results: Overall, 303 subjects were analyzed from 8 out-patient general practice clinics, 184 (60.7%) were female and 119 (39.3%) were male. The mean age was 42.7±13.1 years; 51.8% were <45 years of age; 4% were <65 years of age. Of 6 selected modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, over 90 percent of subjects had around 1: 138 (45.6 percent) had 1-2; 65 (21.5 percent) had 3; 60 (19.8 percent) had 4; and 11 (3.6 percent) had 5 concurrent risk factors. Screening reported 206 dyslipidemia subjects (68.0 percent) who did not have a previous diagnosis.

Conclusion: In Nigerian subjects visiting out-patient clinics, cardiovascular risk factors are extremely prevalent. In addition, several participants were undiagnosed and thus unaware of their state of cardiovascular risk. In adults attending general out-patient clinics in Nigeria, cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent, many of which were undiagnosed and thus unaware of their cardiovascular risk status prior to screening. In addition to intensive national, multisectoral education or risk factor education, opportunistic screening should be required, nationally scaled up and implemented in both urban and rural communities in Nigeria.

Author(s) Details

Geoffrey C. Onyemelukwe
Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria.

Oluwagbenga Ogunfowokan
Department of Family Medicine, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.

Amam Mbakwem
Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

A. Kayode Alao
Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Keffi, Nigeria.

Kodjo Soroh
Pfizer Specialties Ltd, Nigeria/East Africa Region, Lagos, Nigeria.

Osahon Omorodion
Pfizer Specialties Ltd, Nigeria/East Africa Region, Lagos, Nigeria.

Paula Abreu
Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V5/issue/view/7

Research on the Differential Effects of Gastric Bypass and Banding on the Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Morbidly Obese Subjects: The Correlation with Plasma Apolipoprotein A-IV Concentration | Chapter 14 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 The goal of this work was to research the impact on the cardiovascular risk profile in morbidly obese patients of 2 commonly performed bariatric surgical procedures; laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and laparoscopic gastric band (BAND), and its association with the plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV stage. Patient and Methods: This study was performed prospectively on 34 bariatric surgery patients. Two classes were randomly allocated to them; group 1 = BAND (18 cases); group 2 = RYGBP gastric bypass (16 cases). Both groups were observed pre-operatively and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Changes in body mass index ( BMI), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, fasting serum insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profile were included in the data collected. Furthermore, by the Western blot process, apo A-IV was calculated. Effects: The results showed a highly significant decrease in body weight as measured by a decrease in BMI as opposed to preoperative measurements in both groups I & II. In addition, twelve months after surgery, both groups had substantially lower systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose ( FBG), fasting serum insulin, and HOMA-IR. BMI, systolic blood pressure, FBG and HOMA-IR improvements were substantially greater in group II than in group I. The lipid profiles were identical in Group I & II prior to surgery. In both groups I & II, 12 months after surgery, the HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher. Furthermore, in both classes, apo A-IV levels increased after surgery. Conclusion: Both gastric band and gastric bypass are associated with significant improvement of the cardiovascular risk profile, although it is more pronounced after gastric bypass. The improvement correlates well with the increase of apo A-IV in both groups. Thus Apo A-IV may play a positive role in improving the cardiovascular risk profile after bariatric surgery.

Author(s) Details

Hala Mourad Demerdash
Department of Clinical Pathology, Alexandria University Hospital, 75, Ismail Serry Street, Smouha, Alexandria, Egypt.

Gehan Sharara
Department of Biochemistry, Alexandria University Hospital, Egypt.

Khaled Katri
Department of Surgery, Alexandria University Hospital, Egypt.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/296