The Mock Up Techniques in Fixed Prosthodontics | Chapter 8 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

The objective of this manuscript is to list different mock-up fabrication techniques, materials used and the detailed procedure of each technique to et the desired functional and esthetic outcome. The demand for aesthetic dentistry is increasing as more and more patients desire perfect or more natural-looking smiles. To obtain a satisfactory esthetic outcome, the design of dental restorations should be defined before proceeding to the prosthetic steps. By means of the mock-up, which is defined as a dental diagnostic procedure, a temporary artifice, and a simple, low-cost, non-invasive approach. It improves the patient’s acceptance of procedures and also saves time. The mock-up is an important tool for a successful treatment sequence.

It’s a non-invasive technique, created before any tooth preparation. It can be realized during the clinical session and approved. The next steps are then carried out or can be bonded and worn by the patient during a period to give more feedback, study the feasibility of the project and guide what comes next in the treatment. This project, diagnostic mask, preview, prototype, or trial denture, can be realized by means of different materials such as bis acrylic, resin composite, or even PMMA (PolyMthetyl-PolyMethacrylat).

Depending on the used technique it has taken different names: Mock-up, BFEP (Bonded Functional Esthetic Prototype), and APT (Aesthetic Pre-evaluative Temporary.

 

Author (s) Details

Zeineb Riahi
University of Monastir, Tunisia.

 

Naoures Berkaya
University of Monastir, Tunisia.

 

Zohra Nouira
University of Monastir, Tunisia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvmms/v10/2848

Unlocking New Possibilities: A Review of Applications and Benefits of Nanofibers | Chapter 5 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 1

Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing discipline that has the promise to significantly impact the global economy and science. Researchers are increasingly emphasizing the development of nanomaterials for a wide range of applications. Nanofibers have emerged as intriguing one-dimensional nanomaterials for many research and commercial applications due to their unique physicochemical properties and characteristics.  They have a significant surface-to-volume ratio and can create a network of extremely porous mesh. The intricate network of the pores makes them a great candidate for several innovative applications particularly in the biomedical field. Various natural and semi-synthetic polymers are utilized to produce nanofibers based on their intended application. Nanofiber composites serve as an effective alternative for targeted gene delivery, protein, peptide administration, and growth factor delivery. Nanofibers may be utilized across several therapeutic fields and potentially transform them owing to their extensive drug transport capabilities. This chapter examines the fundamental notion of nanofibers, including their benefits, drawbacks, and applications.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Vaishali Bharat
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

S.K. Lanjhiyana
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Sanjay Kumar Bharti
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Alpana Ram
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Nidhi Agrawal
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Rashmi Dewangan
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Meenakshi Jaiswal
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v1/3545

Determination of Absolute Electron Ionization Cross Sections for Cytosine | Chapter 9 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

 The Relative Flow Technique (RFT) is used to quantify the absolute partial and total electron ionisation cross sections for the DNA nucleotide cytosine up to 500 eV. It is difficult to experimentally measure all the necessary electrical interaction cross-sections for all key materials, hence it is essential to have predictive models that are sufficiently accurate but simple to use.

Author(s) Details:

M. A. Rehman,
Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005, India.

E. Krishnakumar,
Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V2/article/view/8208

Studies on the Electrical and Optical Properties of High Quality Cuprous Oxide Material Produced by Thermal Oxidation for Solar Cell Applications | Chapter 4 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 3

 The structural, morphological, and opto-electrical characteristics of cuprous oxide have been studied. Copper foil was thermally oxidised to produce premium cuprous oxide materials. High purity and large grain size cuprous oxide films were successfully produced using this technique. The films exhibit a cubic structure with a preferred (111) orientation at a 2 angle of 36.51o, according to the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The material is rough on a micro scale, with an average grain size of 0.68 micrometres, according to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph. Cu2O is thought to have an optical band gap energy of 2.11 eV. Cu2O was found to have a low electrical resistance of 2.59 x 102 cm. At steady illumination of 60Wm-2, the maximum power was found to be 1.84x10-4mWcm-2 for the cell without current collection grids and 2.61x10-4mWcm-2 for the cell with current collection grid. Efficiency and fill factors were determined to be 3.07x10-4%, 0.49, 4.35x10-4%, and 0.58 for cells with and without current collecting grids, respectively. Cuprous oxide is a suitable material for photovoltaic applications due to the aforementioned discoveries.

Author(s) Details:

S. M. Kurawa,
Department of Physics, Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education, Kumbotso, Kano, Nigeria.

A. O. Musa,
Department of Physics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

Y. I. Bunkure,
Department of Science and Technology Education, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

T. H. Darma,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra, Malaysia.

R. S. Getso,
Department of Physics, Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education, Kumbotso, Kano, Nigeria.

S. Shafie,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra, Malaysia.

S. Faruk,
Department of Physics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V3/article/view/8163

Determination of Biomechanical Properties of Rattan Cane in the Design and Fabrication of Prosthetic Foot | Chapter 04 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 The quality and quantity of materials used in prostheses for amputees determine the device's tensile, flexural, extension, and compression strength, as well as energy distribution when a load is applied. Any device's lifetime and resolving force effect on gait expression are influenced by biomechanical features.

The findings should highlight the significance of rattan cane as a biomaterial in medical rehabilitation. Local sites of availability should encourage practitioners to embrace techniques of usage in the design and production of low-cost prosthetics, so that the application can obtain Amputees' acceptance for a long and healthy life. Four separate dry rattan canes were collected and biomechanically analysed, and sample 3 had the highest tensile strength, with an ultimate tensile strength of 11.5N/mm2 revealed when a load at break of 668.18N was applied, resulting in modulus 1033.90MPa and ductility of 7.33 mm. Rattan cane was found to have an average ultimate tensile strength of 8.68N/mm2 with a load at break of 396.66N, modulus of 1119MPa, and ductility of 9.5mm. Sample 3 had the highest flexural strength of 34.43N/mm2, which was dictated by a load at break of 32.82N, modulus 255.65MPa, and elongation of 66.81mm, and an average flexural strength of 26.4 N/mm2 was dictated by a load at break of 16.04N, modulus 229.16MPa, and elongation (ductility) of 55.1mm on rattan cane. Sample 3 had the maximum load resistance, with a compressive strength of 8.79MPa and a modulus of 622.53MPa when loaded at 330N. When load break at 309N exerted modulus 283.14MPa, sample 4 exhibited the maximum compressive strength of 9.94MPa. Gait study revealed a terminal swing and heel strike of 8cm for chosen height and 0cm for deformity, with early and mid stances of 0.3cm and 7.7cm for deformity and height, respectively.

Author(S) Details

Kelechi D. Kelechi
Departments of Biomedical Technology and Orthosis and Prosthesis, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Gideon I. N Ndubuka
Departments of Biomedical Technology and Orthosis and Prosthesis, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Kingsley C. Onwukamuche
Department of Orthopedics, Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Nigeria.

Michael C. Ofoegbu
Departments of Biomedical Technology and Orthosis and Prosthesis, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Ugochi C. Elueke
Departments of Biomedical Technology and Orthosis and Prosthesis, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Alice C. Igwe
Departments of Biomedical Technology and Orthosis and Prosthesis, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Wilson C. Okafor
Departments of Biomedical Technology and Orthosis and Prosthesis, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Chioma C. Okey-mbata
Departments of Biomedical Technology and Orthosis and Prosthesis, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Jervas Ekezie
Departments of Biomedical Technology and Orthosis and Prosthesis, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V1/article/view/6320

Study on Design and Fabrication of a Detergent Mixing Machine | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

The goal of this essay is to design and build a cost-effective detergent mixing machine that is simple to maintain and operate. The bowl mixer (pan), frame, paddle, and shaft are all made of mild steel. During operation, the machine ensures that the detergent ingredients are mixed evenly and that the detergent is discharged smoothly at the base. The mixing machine's performance was assessed using detergent and liquid ingredients/constituents. Various volumes of samples comprising detergent and liquid ingredients were initially created, and the mixing machine and traditional mixer were used to guarantee that the same quantities of each sample were combined (manually operated). Under the same settings, the results of the mixing machine were compared to the performance of a conventional mixer. The mixing machine's efficiency was discovered to be 80.7 percent. This research reveals that while mixing detergent and liquid soap, the traditional mixer takes longer to operate and consumes more manpower, but the mixing machine produces in a shorter time and at a lower cost. Laundry workshops will be able to employ detergent mixers instead of manual labour, which is inconvenient, time consuming, and inefficient. It also reduces the cost of purchasing and production, as well as encouraging its use for laundry at home.

 

Author (S) Details

A. A. Musilim
Mechanical Engineering Department, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

A. Nwagwo
Mathematics Department, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

H. A. Olaleye
Mechanical Engineering Department, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

S. E. Adesowon
Mechanical Engineering Department, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/3991