Blood Stain Removal: A Chemical Perspective on Set Stain | Chapter 2 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 6

In healthcare laundry and linen processing, blood stain has been among the major stains encountered during operations. Laundry processors find it difficult to remove blood stains from the linens if allowed to stay for a certain period. However, a fresh blood stain may easily be removed with water at room temperature without application of any chemical or bleach during flush operation or break bath. When blood stain becomes set, removal or treatment seems to be cumbersome on the linen. The extent of the difficulty depends on the fibre composition of the linen or fabric. Blood stains adherence to textile materials or fabrics or hospital linen has been among the major challenging stains, aside from dye migration from one textile to another. There are many stain removal products developed to deal with these problems by different chemical companies globally. All these products have their adverse effects on the properties of the textile fibres that compose the material. The objective of the study is to eliminate the problem of blood stains in human endeavours, especially in laundry processing and healthcare facilities. For instance, chlorine bleach or oxalic acid can cause tendering of cellulosic fibre like cotton. To remove blood stains, it requires understanding the basic chemistry of blood and its constituents. Therefore, other potential stain removals used in this study include: water, detergent, oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, and alkaline sodium hydrosulfite. Method of data analysis involved the evaluation of blood stained fabric sample after treatment through physical comparison of the degree of whiteness obtained with the original white sample (control sample). It was found that sodium hydroxide gave significant removal of the stain, followed by alkaline sodium hydrosulphite, while the rest did not show any significant removal. Furthermore, it can be concluded that sodium hydroxide at 5% concentration or below can effectively remove set blood stain provided the stained textile material has not been previously treated with any stain removal.

 

Author (s) Details

Azeez Mutiu O
Federal Teaching Hospital Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v6/5322

Determination of Three Detergent Products and Identification of Surface Active Agents by Infrared Absorption Spectra and a Reflectance Graph | Chapter 10 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 8

 Three common detergents (Ajax Fête des Fleurs by Colgate Palmolive, Maki by Alinda Velco, and Nuevo Kiriko antical by Casa Kiriko S.L. Spain) were examined using the mixed indicator titration method, which used the mixed indicator dimidium bromide/disulphine blue. It was also stated that infrared spectroscopy was used to qualitatively identify the anionic and non-ionic surfactants contained in them. The third detergent product was subjected to diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) measurement. The band gap energy (Eg) of the material has been calculated using diffuse reflectance spectra. Over the visible wavelength range, this approach was tested using a single integrating sphere device. The goal of this work was to identify and quantify three regularly used detergents for quality control, as well as to characterise the surfactants in terms of their spectrum properties and structural state, in order to determine their potential for membrane protein solubilization.

Author(S) Details

Katerina Chryssou
General Chemical State Laboratory, B’ Chemical Division of Athens, Department A’ Tsocha 16, 11521 Athens, Greece.

Maria Stassinopoulou
General Chemical State Laboratory, B’ Chemical Division of Athens, Department A’ Tsocha 16, 11521 Athens, Greece.

Eugenia Lampi
General Chemical State Laboratory, B’ Chemical Division of Athens, Department A’ Tsocha 16, 11521 Athens, Greece.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V8/article/view/5634

Study on Design and Fabrication of a Detergent Mixing Machine | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

The goal of this essay is to design and build a cost-effective detergent mixing machine that is simple to maintain and operate. The bowl mixer (pan), frame, paddle, and shaft are all made of mild steel. During operation, the machine ensures that the detergent ingredients are mixed evenly and that the detergent is discharged smoothly at the base. The mixing machine's performance was assessed using detergent and liquid ingredients/constituents. Various volumes of samples comprising detergent and liquid ingredients were initially created, and the mixing machine and traditional mixer were used to guarantee that the same quantities of each sample were combined (manually operated). Under the same settings, the results of the mixing machine were compared to the performance of a conventional mixer. The mixing machine's efficiency was discovered to be 80.7 percent. This research reveals that while mixing detergent and liquid soap, the traditional mixer takes longer to operate and consumes more manpower, but the mixing machine produces in a shorter time and at a lower cost. Laundry workshops will be able to employ detergent mixers instead of manual labour, which is inconvenient, time consuming, and inefficient. It also reduces the cost of purchasing and production, as well as encouraging its use for laundry at home.

 

Author (S) Details

A. A. Musilim
Mechanical Engineering Department, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

A. Nwagwo
Mathematics Department, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

H. A. Olaleye
Mechanical Engineering Department, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

S. E. Adesowon
Mechanical Engineering Department, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/3991