Factors Influencing and Problems Faced by Farmers in Purchasing Insecticides for Cumin in Dhrol Taluka, Jamnagar District, Gujarat, India | Chapter 6 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

Background: As the backbone of the Indian economy agriculture continues to be the main sector driving the Indian economy. India's GDP is 17 per cent derived from agriculture, while 60 to 70 per cent of the population is employed in this sector. In agriculture, pesticides have been the primary method of pest control since the early 1950s to manage pest organisms such as insects, fungi, weeds, and nematodes. Recently, the application of pesticides in cumin farming has surged dramatically, and this situation has considerable implications for negative effects on human health, the environment, and overall biodiversity since cumin is one of the major spice crops grown in India.

Methods: The data gathering utilized a semi-structured schedule conducted via personal interview method for both cumin farmers and agri-input dealers. The research employed a non-probability sampling technique for primary data collection. The study was carried out in the region of Dhrol taluka in Jamnagar district. The gathered data were analyzed through several analytical methods, such as tabular analysis, Pearson Chi-square test, Garrett's Ranking Technique, and Weighted Average Mean.

Finding: The results demonstrate that the predominant group of respondents were middle-aged individuals who had a primary level of education. The majority of the farmers possessed land holdings varying from 1 to 2.5 hectares, and within this group, the portion of land allocated for cumin cultivation was smaller than 1 hectare. These farmers possessed an average of 21 to 30 years of farming experience. The majority of farmers mainly depended on farming as their profession, with some also participating in animal husbandry. Regarding annual earnings, most farmers generated between 1 to 5 lakh rupees. The study indicated that Price was the main factor affecting the decision to buy pesticides, with Quality and Brand name following. The lack of access to credit facilities was recognized as a significant issue faced by farmers, along with the elevated costs of inputs. Among the promotional efforts, Demonstration was identified as the most impactful in pesticide purchasing choices, with Farmer meetings coming next. For agri-input dealers, the primary challenges faced were Low margins, Increasing costs, and High competition.

Conclusion: The study highlighted the demographics and characteristics of farmers and dealers involved in the agricultural sector. It also identified key factors influencing the purchase of insecticide, promotional activities used by agri-input companies and the problems faced by farmers and dealers in the process.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Raj R. Vasoya
International Agribusiness Management Institute, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India.

 

Dilip R. Vahoniya
Department of Agri. Entrepreneurship & Project Management, International Agribusiness Management Institute, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India.

 

Alvira Rajwadi
International Agribusiness Management Institute, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v7/3926

Plant Essential Oil as a Preventive Measure for Mosquito Borne Diseases: A Review | Chapter 9 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

 Mosquito borne diseases are major human and animal health problem in all tropical and subtropical countries. Malaria is considered endemic in 85 countries and territories around the world with higher share in the African region necessitating its control. Reports signify that annually 100-400 million cases of dengue fever and half a million cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) occur globally. The present article envisaged to review the reports of essential oils on its effectiveness as repellent. The easy availability and less adverse environmental impact have led to the increased interest in plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticides. Essential oils belonging to various plant species and possessing mixtures of hydrocarbons have been seen to act as effective repellent against various pests. The monoterpenoids constituting the major component is found to be cytotoxic to plant and animal tissue thus impairing the normal functioning of these tissues. The commercially marketed repellents basically consist of essential oils from plants Cymbopogon nardus, Eucalyptus maculata, Cymbopogon excavatus, Mentha piperita, Azadirachta indica. The volatile nature of these components due to their short duration of efficacy has urged for the development of novel formulations, use of fixatives such as vanillin, combination essential oil and other innovative methods and devices for enhancing repellent effect.

Author(s) Details:

Bhupen Kalita,
NEF College of Pharmacy, Guwahati, Assam-781040, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V8/article/view/14046

Histopathological Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Kidneys in Albino Rats | Chapter 12 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Histopathological lesions have long been used as biomarkers to measure the health of organisms exposed to contaminants, and they can also be used as early warning indications of illness. Because there are limited data on histomorphological alterations in the kidney after exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos, we decided to perform this study.

Methods: 45 inbred adult Wistar albino rats, both sexes, weighing 145–165 gms, were used in this study. At random, these animals were divided into three groups: A, B, and C. Oral chlorpyrifos was given to groups B and C at doses of 5 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The control group, Group A, was designated as such and remained so. Three mice from each group were sacrificed after 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks of the experiment to see the histological changes in the kidney architecture.

In Group A, there are no histological alterations. There were no histological alterations in the kidneys of Group B after one week. There was glomerulus shrinkage, tubular dilatation, glomerular hypercellularity, tubular epithelial hypertrophy, degeneration of renal tubules, and eosin positive material deposits in the glomerulus and renal tubules at the start of treatment. In the interstitium, there was lymphocyte infiltration and increased vascularity in the form of dilated arteries, fibrosis, and interstitial oedema. All of these changes pointed to glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, and interstitial nephritis, all of which can lead to acute renal failure, which can then proceed to chronic renal failure. Group C rats' kidneys revealed fewer glomeruli and renal tubular epithelial hypertrophy after 1 week of Chlorpyrifos treatment.

From the second to the eighth week, the discrepancies between Group A and Group B were increasingly obvious.

Conclusion: Chlorpyrifos generated considerable histomorphological alterations in the kidneys of rats in the current investigation. These modifications were distinct from those observed in control rats. As a result, this research offered insight on chlorpyrifos' kidney toxicity, which was found to be considerable at high dose levels.

Author(S) Details

Rekha Bhasin
JK Health Services, Jammu & Kashmir, India.

Sajad Hamid
Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences and Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.

Sunanda Raina
Govt. Medical College, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V6/article/view/4518