Correlation of Asphaltene Solvation with Stability of Crude Oil Emulsion Using Scaling Equations | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 1

Due to the simplicity of scaling equations and its applicability to colloid chemistry, the scaling theory is widely used in studying emulsion properties such as force profiles. Understanding asphaltene chemistry and the fundamental mechanisms of colloid formation has been the driving force behind much petroleum research in recent years. Scaling equations were developed for the studied samples for correlation of asphaltene solvation with stability of crude oil emulsions. The researcher used five crude oil emulsion samples from Niger Delta region of Nigeria for their study. Correlations were made for viscosity and percentage water resolved by varying the volume concentration of toluene in heptol mixture that was used as solvent for the asphaltene re-dissolution. The study shows that tuning the composition of heptol allows fine control of colloidal forces between asphaltene surfaces in an organic solvent and therefore determines the stability state of the emulsion. Statistically derived correlation equations provide for a range in the aromaticity of the crude medium for which an optimum stability is observed and therefore gives good understanding on the control of emulsion stability. Since attractive van der Waals forces are omnipresent in asphaltene/heptol system, it was interesting to investigate the variation of van der Waals forces with the solvent composition. This study indirectly investigated this force, as variation in viscosity of the emulsion since the solvation state of asphaltene was responsible for the varied viscosity of the emulsion. The study further shows that emulsion inversion can be achieved by adjusting the concentration of surfactant.

Author(s) Details:

Emmanuel J. Ekott,
Department of Chemical Sciences, Heritage Polytechnic, Eket, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDCBR-V1/article/view/13612

Topological Models of Generation and Formation of Latex Particles in the Monomer-Water System | Chapter 11 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 The main pattern for synthesizing latexes is polymerization in a various monomer–water system. This method is named emulsion polymerization.The act properties of latexes are determined by the limits of the colloidal system and the polymer material. These limits are determined by the character of the monomer and the mechanism of formation of tinted covering particles. This item discusses existing models for the production of latex atoms and the possibility of organizing the colloidal parameters of latex established them.The purpose concerning this work is to search for habits to synthesize latexes accompanying a narrow particle dispersion based on a topological model of emulsifier-free polymerization of monomers of different natures in a motionless monomer-water system.The item presents electron microscopic photographs of polystyrene latexes outside emulsifiers, obtained in the attendance of methyl and cetyl alcohol in styrene. Electron tiny photographs of methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate latexes, which were obtained outside any preservatives to the system, are also bestowed.Electron microscopic studies show that changeless mode of polymerization in a various monomer-water system can be thought-out as one of ultimate promising methods for the combining of monodisperse latices.

Author(s) Details:

A. A. Hovhannisyan,
The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Ave., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.

G. K. Grigoryan,
The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Ave., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.

N. G. Grigoryan,
The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Ave., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.

A. G. Nadaryan,
The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Ave., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V8/article/view/12446

Bio Healing Cream Based on Lavender Essential Oil | Chapter 6 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 The objective concerning this chapter was to plan a stable oil with anti-instigative and healing possessions. The anti-inflammatory 100% biocream has happened formulated in the presence of purple essential oil as an alive principle known by these appealing properties. The essential lubricate was obtained by steam distillate of the aromatic part (hydrosol, essential oil) of the fresh occurring in the air part of Lavandula Vera. The average yield of essential oil is 1 to 2%.Optimizing of the expression parameters fashioned it possible to have a stable oil. The Bio cream acquired has interesting dermal properties. This oil has reusable anti-catching and therapeutic statuses. It facilitates dermatological applications and yet productive research. The Bio oil's quality could be visualized by the Physicochemical Analysis, Sensory (With Diagram Properties Evaluation), and Comparative Study accompanying a Reference Cream (Conventional).  The therapeutic effect showed an main efficiency as for the restorative of more than the different effects which maybe brought for one existence of the beeswax. Neither not completely toxicological examination must complete this study.

Author(s) Details:

Djedri-Bani Safia,
Chemical Engineering Functional Analysis Laboratory, Saâd Dahlab Blida 1 University, P.O. Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria.

Boucherit Ahmed,
Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, University. Saâd Dahlab Blida 1 University, P.O. Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria.

Issaadi Rachid,
Hydrogen Energy Applications Laboratory, Saâd Dahlab Blida 1 University, P.O. Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V6/article/view/11360

Effect of Ionic Strength and Activity Coefficient of Polyvalent Ionic Salt Solution on Demulsification of Soy Lecithin Based Oil-in-Water Emulsion| Chapter 1 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Chemical Science Vol. 1

 Oil-in-Water (O/W) emulsions established lecithin have numerous applications in the meal and cosmetic subdivisions. The stability and physicochemical properties of bread grade emulsion play a key role in deciding the application of the oil. The stability of an O/W emulsion is contingent upon the emulsifying solution's characteristics in addition to the presence of concerning ancient culture contaminants. The current experiment clearly manifested the importance of polyvalent Lewis acid salt resolution in creating oil stability.  Lewis acid salts solutions of NaCl, KNO3 BaCl2 MgCl2, Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3 were achieved in the production of lecithin based O/W oil. The ionic action coefficient measured  from Debye-Hückel restricting law (DHLL) for Lewis metal ions Na+, K+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ were raise to decrease the pH value of the concerning ancient culture solutions. As the ionic endeavor coefficient falls, the conductance of an concerning ancient culture solution rises. The lecithin O/W oil is severely destabilized by these patterns, which still reveal a substantial order in the damage times of miscellaneous emulsion systems.  Microscopic study accurately predicted the influence of concerning ancient culture activity cooperative on emulsion instability. Droplet width was measured for monovalent and divalent metal ions grazing from 12-160 micrometers, and the number of larger beads increased with growing valence. Higher valence Al3+ and Fe3+ concerning ancient culture solutions, in another way, completely shatter the oil with fast separation of the lubricate and water layers and lower exercise coefficients. Thus, the emulsifying solution's enhanced demeanor and conductance, reduced concerning ancient culture activity cooperative, and pH value considerably weaken the soy lecithin-based O/W emulsion by growing interfacial tension and retarding the emulsifier's binding ability.

Author(s) Details:

A. Pragasam,
Maharani’s Science College for Women, Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Vinayak M. Naik,
Government First Grade College, Kumta, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEICS-V1/article/view/11127

Emulsions in Oil Pipeline Flow Transport | Book Publisher International

 Because crude oil is frequently produced with water from the reservoir, emulsification — the mixing of two immiscible liquids – is unavoidable in the oil business. Emulsions have a number of negative effects on the industry, including affecting flow regimes and flow behaviour, lowering crude oil quality, requiring longer retention time in separation vessels, corroding the transport system, and contaminating catalyst used in the refining process, all of which result in significant economic losses. As a result, it is critical to evaluate the creation of emulsions as well as the flow behaviour in the pipeline in order to offer the best approach for controlling the influence of emulsions. It's worth noting that the creation of emulsions via flow shear utilising a lab-scale flow apparatus has received less attention. This leads to the study's goals: first, to characterise the formation of water-in-crude-oil (W/O) emulsions formed by pipeline constriction; second, to investigate the effects of W/O emulsions on pipeline flow transport; and third, to investigate the role of turbulent energy in emulsion formation and flow transport in the pipeline system. This research enables the oil industry to develop a more effective strategy for dealing with emulsification in pipeline transportation systems. In the industry, ideal conditions are produced by combining Reynolds number and pipeline constriction types in order to obtain the lowest wall shear stress and hence reduce energy losses during oil transportation through the pipeline.

Author(s) Details

Sharul Sham Dol
Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/EOPFT/article/view/5056