Piscicidal Activity of Thevetia peruviana Latex against Freshwater Fish in Laboratory and Cement Plastering Pond Conditions | Chapter 3 |Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 3

 The use of natural pesticides derived from plants has recently gained popularity as a way to reduce the dangers of organic and synthetic pesticides. Botanicals are poisonous to fish, which are referred to as piscicides. The present study assesses the piscicidal activity of (i.e., acetone, diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride) latex extracts of Thevetia peruviana  (Pers.) L. Schum. (Family: Apocynaceae) against Labeo rohita (Hamilton) in both conditions. Labeo rohita (5.50±0.6 cm length and 362 mg weight) were collected from the Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Latex was collected and lyophilized at -40°C and the lyophilized powder was used for further study. During the study, 50 animals were stocked in cement plastering pond condition in 50 L dechlorinated tap water for 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h, and 10 animals were kept in laboratory condition in 10 L dechlorinated tap water, with observations conducted over the same time intervals. Toxicity of all the organic solvents Thevetia peruviana plant was time as well as dose-dependent against freshwater fish. There was a significant (P<0.05) negative correlation between LC values and exposure periods. Thevetia peruviana plant decreased from 3.62 mgL-1 (24h)> 2.69 mgL-1 (48h) in laboratory conditions and 7.86 mgL-1 (24h) > 7.24 mgL-1 (48h) in cement plastering pond condition against fish. The same trend of toxicity was also observed in the case of other solvents i.e., diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride latex extracts of Thevetia peruviana against Labeo rohita in both conditions. Toxicity assessment LC50 values and behavioural changes in fish are particularly sensitive markers of pesticide toxicity. The fish's overall health is affected by behavioural changes. Thevetia peruviana medicinal plant is used as a better cathartic, febrifuge useful in different kinds of intermittent fever while the latex of this plant is used in teeth cavities for relief from toothache.

 

Author (s) Details

Sunil Kumar Singh
Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur – 273 009 (U.P.), India.

 

Shailendra Kumar Singh
Department of Zoology, T.D. (P.G.) College, Jaunpur, (U.P.), India.

 

Ajay Singh
Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur – 273 009 (U.P.), India.

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v3/2044

Keywords: Thevetia peruviana, Labeo rohita, Latex, different organic solvent, piscicides, toxicity,

Topological Models of Generation and Formation of Latex Particles in the Monomer-Water System | Chapter 11 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 The main pattern for synthesizing latexes is polymerization in a various monomer–water system. This method is named emulsion polymerization.The act properties of latexes are determined by the limits of the colloidal system and the polymer material. These limits are determined by the character of the monomer and the mechanism of formation of tinted covering particles. This item discusses existing models for the production of latex atoms and the possibility of organizing the colloidal parameters of latex established them.The purpose concerning this work is to search for habits to synthesize latexes accompanying a narrow particle dispersion based on a topological model of emulsifier-free polymerization of monomers of different natures in a motionless monomer-water system.The item presents electron microscopic photographs of polystyrene latexes outside emulsifiers, obtained in the attendance of methyl and cetyl alcohol in styrene. Electron tiny photographs of methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate latexes, which were obtained outside any preservatives to the system, are also bestowed.Electron microscopic studies show that changeless mode of polymerization in a various monomer-water system can be thought-out as one of ultimate promising methods for the combining of monodisperse latices.

Author(s) Details:

A. A. Hovhannisyan,
The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Ave., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.

G. K. Grigoryan,
The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Ave., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.

N. G. Grigoryan,
The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Ave., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.

A. G. Nadaryan,
The Scientific Technological Centre of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA, 26, Azatutyan Ave., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V8/article/view/12446

Phenylpropanoid Pathway for Lignin Biosynthesis and Protein Defensive Strategy against Melon Fly | Chapter 8 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

It is well known that many plant lectins produced in fruits have larvicidal effects as protective mechanisms. To fend off the impacts of herbivore insect assault, plants have a variety of morphological, biochemical, and molecular responses to herbivory. The defensive chemicals have an impact on herbivore eating, growth, and survival and are either generated constitutively or in reaction to plant harm. In order to understand the resistance and susceptibility against melon fly infestation, the current study compared the expression of lectin proteins in a few different cucurbit fruits. Fruit latex sap was made from both sensitive (cucumber, bitter gourd, and snake gourd) and resistant (chayote and bottle gourd) fruits, and lectin proteins were identified by hemo and leuco agglutination activity. Some have undergone partial purification to distinguish glycocode from N-acetyl glucosamine, and their stability to proteases, pH, and temperature was evaluated. After roughly 24 hours of incubation, the development of the larvae that were fed at low doses was hindered, and they were discovered dead at high concentrations. The histopathology demonstrates lectin-induced toxicity by showing damage to the larval gut area. By binding, causing digestive impairment in larval development, and resulting in death, the lectin protein causes toxicity. Comparative observations show that lectin protein produced from the chayote and bottle gourd fruit tissues secretes latex, protects against the infestation of melon fly larvae, and confers resistance. The current study describes the lignin content in the tissue of healthy and diseased cucurbit fruits, which may give evidence for their resistance to melon fly infestation and susceptibility to it. Due to elevated quantities of PPP (Phenylpropanoid Pathway) enzymes, large levels of monoolignol or polymerized lignin units would harden the cells and make it difficult for larvae to penetrate the cell wall and feed on those tissues.

Author(s) Details:

Madhusudana Somegowda,
Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticulture Sciences, Navile, Shivamogga, India.

Achur N. Rajeshwara,
Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India.

S. Raghavendra,
Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticulture Sciences, Navile, Shivamogga, India.

Siddanakoppalu N. Pramod,
Department of Food Sciences and Technology in Davanagere University, Davangere, India.

R. Sagar,
Department of Soil chemistry Keladi Shivappa Nayaka, University of Agricultural and Horticulture Sciences, Navile, Shivamogga, India.

G. N. Thippeshappa,
Department of Soil chemistry Keladi Shivappa Nayaka, University of Agricultural and Horticulture Sciences, Navile, Shivamogga, India.

Shankarappa Shridhara,
Center For Climate Resilient Agriculture Keladi Shivappa Nayaka, University of Agricultural and Horticulture Sciences, Navile, Shivamogga, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V3/article/view/7502

Optimization of Camel Milk Cheese Processing Using Protease from Latex (Ficus carica) | Chapter 3 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 5

 The goal of this work was to look for new plant peptidases with milk-clotting activity in camel milk in latex fractions from Ficus carica, which might be used as rennet replacements. Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography was used to fractionate latex from fig trees to make the enzymatic preparation (FPLC). The milk is pasteurised at a low temperature and cooled, then added a culture of lactic starters isolated from artisanal fermented milk, followed by an enzymatic preparation of latex; the mixture is incubated for 24 hours at 37°C; the whey is drained to obtain a cheese curd; and finally, the mixture is cooled to obtain a fresh cheese. The cheese yield was evaluated using various fraction doses, and it was discovered that 1 ml of the extract in 100 ml of camel milk had a 15% yield. Camel milk cheese was found to be more acidic, richer in protein (50,04 g/l) and phosphorus (0.199 g/l), but less loaded with total mesophilic flora when compared to cow milk cheese in terms of physicochemical and microbiological characterisation. When compared to cow milk cheese, camel milk cheese has higher levels of fat-soluble vitamins (retinol, K2, and Tocopherol), as well as a higher quantity of ascorbic acid (6.189 mg/kg). Oleic acid (28.4%) is the most abundant fatty acid in camel milk cheese, followed by palmitic acid (27.1%) and stearic acid (2.4%). (23.6 percent ).

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Imen Fguiri,

Laboratory of Livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Médenine, Tunisia.

Dr. Amel Sboui,
Laboratory of Livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Médenine, Tunisia.

Dr. Manel Ziadi,
Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMi), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Tunisia.

Dr. Naziha Ayeb,
Laboratory of Livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Médenine, Tunisia and Regional Center for Agricultural Research (CRRA) Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia.

Ms. Samira Arroum,
Laboratory of livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid lands (IRA Medenine). Médenine. Tunisia

Mr. Mohamed Dbara,
Laboratory of Livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Médenine, Tunisia.

Prof. Mohamed Hammadi,
Laboratory of Livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Médenine, Tunisia.

Prof. Touhami Khorchani,
Laboratory of Livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid Lands (IRA Medenine), Médenine, Tunisia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V5/article/view/5712

Study on Development of a Geotextile Coated with Latex Using as a Protection Element on Heated Surfaces | Chapter 2 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 5

 Today, much research has been conducted on new energy resources and sustainable materials with the goal of reducing the environmental impact. Materials waste that were previously destined for the landfill are now viewed in a new light. The goal of this paper was to create a geotextile out of banana tree leaves, specifically fibers extracted from the stem of the banana tree leaves, which are now recognized as one of the strongest cellulosic fibers. Latex was used as a natural geotextile matrix, and potential applications for the geotextile were investigated using previous material characterization based on literature. After weaving and covering the samples with látex, the main physicalchemical properties, as well as mechanical and thermal properties, were analyzed and verified. Tensile properties, flammability, thermogravimetric analysis, water and humidity absorption, moisture resistance, friction, density, weight, biodegradation under environmental conditions, and thermal conductivity were among the tests used to obtain such results. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that geotextile can be used as a surface coating because, in addition to its high tensile strength even when heated, The thermal conductivity of the goetextile is low (0,214W/mK). This means that the material has good thermal properties and is a good isolator. It was also determined that the natural composite has properties derived from both banana tree fibers (as thermal properties and mechanical strength) and thermoplastic elastomer latex. This result did not jeopardize the banana fiber's hygroscopicity. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the material is long-lasting, does not harm the environment, and performs the coating function as expected.

Author (s) Details

S. Souza Clara
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

U. L. Mendes José
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V5/article/view/1611