Piscicidal Activity of Thevetia peruviana Latex against Freshwater Fish in Laboratory and Cement Plastering Pond Conditions | Chapter 3 |Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 3

 The use of natural pesticides derived from plants has recently gained popularity as a way to reduce the dangers of organic and synthetic pesticides. Botanicals are poisonous to fish, which are referred to as piscicides. The present study assesses the piscicidal activity of (i.e., acetone, diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride) latex extracts of Thevetia peruviana  (Pers.) L. Schum. (Family: Apocynaceae) against Labeo rohita (Hamilton) in both conditions. Labeo rohita (5.50±0.6 cm length and 362 mg weight) were collected from the Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Latex was collected and lyophilized at -40°C and the lyophilized powder was used for further study. During the study, 50 animals were stocked in cement plastering pond condition in 50 L dechlorinated tap water for 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h, and 10 animals were kept in laboratory condition in 10 L dechlorinated tap water, with observations conducted over the same time intervals. Toxicity of all the organic solvents Thevetia peruviana plant was time as well as dose-dependent against freshwater fish. There was a significant (P<0.05) negative correlation between LC values and exposure periods. Thevetia peruviana plant decreased from 3.62 mgL-1 (24h)> 2.69 mgL-1 (48h) in laboratory conditions and 7.86 mgL-1 (24h) > 7.24 mgL-1 (48h) in cement plastering pond condition against fish. The same trend of toxicity was also observed in the case of other solvents i.e., diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride latex extracts of Thevetia peruviana against Labeo rohita in both conditions. Toxicity assessment LC50 values and behavioural changes in fish are particularly sensitive markers of pesticide toxicity. The fish's overall health is affected by behavioural changes. Thevetia peruviana medicinal plant is used as a better cathartic, febrifuge useful in different kinds of intermittent fever while the latex of this plant is used in teeth cavities for relief from toothache.

 

Author (s) Details

Sunil Kumar Singh
Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur – 273 009 (U.P.), India.

 

Shailendra Kumar Singh
Department of Zoology, T.D. (P.G.) College, Jaunpur, (U.P.), India.

 

Ajay Singh
Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur – 273 009 (U.P.), India.

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v3/2044

Keywords: Thevetia peruviana, Labeo rohita, Latex, different organic solvent, piscicides, toxicity,

Malathion-Induced Changes in Gill and Intestinal Esterase Banding Patterns of Labeo rohita | Chapter 5 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 5

Contamination of surface waters has been well documented worldwide and constitutes a major issue at local, regional, national, and global levels.  In fish, different insecticides can be absorbed through gills, skin or alimentary ducts. Fishes are particularly sensitive to environmental contamination of water. Hence, pollutants such as insecticides may significantly damage certain physiological and biochemical processes when they enter into the organs of fishes. The present study was undertaken to assess the toxicological effect of Malathion (an Organophosphate) on electrophoretetic banding patterns of esterase enzymes in gill and intestine tissues of freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) at different time intervals i.e. 24H, 48H, 72H and 96H and was compared with control. The esterase isozymes were quantitatively analyzed by using 7.5٪ native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) stained with α-naphthyl acetate as substrate. Three different esterase enzyme bands were detected and named Est-1; Est-2 and Est-3 with different relative mobilities such as 0.6± 0.05; 0.4± 0.05; 0.3± 0.05 in gill and intestine tissue. All three esterase bands were found in the gill and intestine tissues in control. Isoenzyme pattern exhibits differences in the various fish populations and is also used to develop a genetic sexing system. The banding pattern of esterases of different tissues has a good potential used in the identification of species. After the fish is exposed to Malathion (an Organophosphate), in gill tissue Esterase-1 showed resistance, Esterase-2 and Esterase-3 were severely affected, whereas Esterase-3 were severely affected than Esterase-2 and Esterase-1 exhibited resistance in Intestine tissue. The present study reported that the expression of tissue-specific esterase isozymes showed a differential banding pattern that could be used in toxicological studies and also could be used for the development of molecular markers for the identification of different species of fish. This present study helps in finding a proper solution for aquatic ecosystem pollution that occurs due to pesticides. Research has to continue to find alternatives for OP compounds in agriculture.

 

Author (s) Details

Venkateswara Rao Mandalapu
S.R & B.G.N.R Arts and Science College (A), Khammam, Telangana State, India.

 

Venkaiah Yanamala
Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009 T.S., India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v5/2828

Determining the Role of Amylase Enzyme Activity in Growth of Fish | Chapter 2 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 3

The genomic DNA of probiotic isolates from the stomach, as well as the gene sequence responsible for enzyme activity in Labeo rohita, were examined in this work. Probiotics are helpful microbial communities that change probiotic bacterial strain gut colonisation to boost fish development and immunity in difficult environmental situations. The experiments were conducted by combining the strain with water and feeding it with commercial feed for the growth of Labeo rohita. According to the findings, only two strains demonstrated higher activity. Using Universal 16S primers, the genomic DNA of these isolated probiotic microbes was analysed and electrophoresed to determine their taxonomic identification. The 16S rRNA sequences of the isolates were amplified using primers and PCR. The genomic DNA of the isolated probiotic bacteria was examined with Universa 16S primers and electrophoresed to validate the taxonomic identification. The isolates' 16S rRNA sequences were amplified using primers and PCR. Blast analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence was performed using sequences from the NCBI database. Amylase, protease, and lipase enzymes improve water quality indicators, food absorption, and L. rohita proliferation, all of which promote probiotic effectiveness. The impact of the discovered strain on fish development was explored, and it was recommended that it may be utilised to boost the growth of L. rohita fish.

Author(s) Details:

M. Abareethan,
Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636007, Tamil Nadu, India.

A. Amsath,
Department of Zoology, Khadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam, 614701, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V3/article/view/7044

Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbial Factors of Water in Lower Anaicut Basin, Tamil Nadu, India | Chapter 1 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 The health, wealth, and prosperity of a place are all influenced by the quality and quantity of water. Water pollution is a condition in which the quality of water degrades as a result of a variety of human activities. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of physiochemical and microbiological elements that contribute to a healthy aquatic environment. The physico-chemical characteristics as well as the microbial community in soil sediment, water, and the gill area of Labeo rohita from the Lower Anaicut Basin were investigated in this chapter. Some human bacterial and fungal infections were identified based on their growth properties on specific culture conditions. The medium of the fishes, as well as the sediments in their environment, were collected and analysed for infections. However, five bacterium species and four fungus species were found in the gill region. The goal of this study is to improve consumer awareness about the quality of Labeo rohita in the Lower Anaicut basin.

Author (S) Details

P. Anbusrinivasan

Department of Chemistry, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mayiladuthurai-609 305, TamilNadu, India.

M. Thenral

Department of Chemistry, KSK College of Engineering and Technology, Kumbakonam, TamilNadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V4/article/view/4320