Evaluating the Sub-Lethal Effects of Malathion on Biochemical Parameters of Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) | Chapter 3 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 4

Malathion is a non-systemic, wide-spectrum organophosphate insecticide. Organophosphates are widely used throughout the world as an important group of pesticides, due to their insecticidal property, less toxicity, less persistence and rapid biodegradability in the environment. The present investigation was undertaken to study the toxic effect of Malathion on biochemical parameters of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton). The freshwater fish Labeo rohita were collected from local freshwater culture ponds by netting with the help of local fishermen located within the study region. The fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of the insecticide Malathion and the variations were observed on different parameters, i.e. proteins, carbohydrates and ninhydrine positive substances (FAA) at different time intervals, i.e. 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs of Malathion exposure from different tissues of fish Labeo rohita, i.e. gill, liver, intestine, muscle and brain. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA to compare the results between the tissue components. The results revealed that biochemical constituents, i.e. proteins, carbohydrates and ninhydrine-positive substances, were decreased in all the tissues of L. Rohita. The toxic nature of insecticide Malathion was found to be more after 48 hours of exposure, as the highest % of decrease was found in biochemical constituents of all the tissues. This study concluded that the sublethal effects of Malathion on biochemical parameters of fresh freshwater fish L. Rohita. Therefore, the usage of pesticides should be restricted to a minimal concentration to have a healthy ecosystem.

 

Author (s) Details

M. Venkatewara Rao
Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, India.

 

K. Thirupathi
Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, India.

 

Venkaiah Yanamala
Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v4/5477

Malathion-Induced Changes in Gill and Intestinal Esterase Banding Patterns of Labeo rohita | Chapter 5 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 5

Contamination of surface waters has been well documented worldwide and constitutes a major issue at local, regional, national, and global levels.  In fish, different insecticides can be absorbed through gills, skin or alimentary ducts. Fishes are particularly sensitive to environmental contamination of water. Hence, pollutants such as insecticides may significantly damage certain physiological and biochemical processes when they enter into the organs of fishes. The present study was undertaken to assess the toxicological effect of Malathion (an Organophosphate) on electrophoretetic banding patterns of esterase enzymes in gill and intestine tissues of freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) at different time intervals i.e. 24H, 48H, 72H and 96H and was compared with control. The esterase isozymes were quantitatively analyzed by using 7.5٪ native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) stained with α-naphthyl acetate as substrate. Three different esterase enzyme bands were detected and named Est-1; Est-2 and Est-3 with different relative mobilities such as 0.6± 0.05; 0.4± 0.05; 0.3± 0.05 in gill and intestine tissue. All three esterase bands were found in the gill and intestine tissues in control. Isoenzyme pattern exhibits differences in the various fish populations and is also used to develop a genetic sexing system. The banding pattern of esterases of different tissues has a good potential used in the identification of species. After the fish is exposed to Malathion (an Organophosphate), in gill tissue Esterase-1 showed resistance, Esterase-2 and Esterase-3 were severely affected, whereas Esterase-3 were severely affected than Esterase-2 and Esterase-1 exhibited resistance in Intestine tissue. The present study reported that the expression of tissue-specific esterase isozymes showed a differential banding pattern that could be used in toxicological studies and also could be used for the development of molecular markers for the identification of different species of fish. This present study helps in finding a proper solution for aquatic ecosystem pollution that occurs due to pesticides. Research has to continue to find alternatives for OP compounds in agriculture.

 

Author (s) Details

Venkateswara Rao Mandalapu
S.R & B.G.N.R Arts and Science College (A), Khammam, Telangana State, India.

 

Venkaiah Yanamala
Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009 T.S., India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v5/2828

An Analytical Study on the Influence of Neem Oil on Malathion in the Fish Oreochromis mossambicus | Chapter 3 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 3

The extensive use of pesticides and their ingredients, as well as their toxicity, have a negative influence on the aquatic environment and the creatures that live there. The goal of this study was to look at the effects of malathion and neem oil on the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus, both alone and in combination, in order to understand the changes in different target organs such the liver and kidney using biochemical and histological analyses. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of neem oil and malathion were maintained for acute toxicity (96 hours) and chronic toxicity (21 days) tests. The results showed that when neem oil and malathion were combined, the biological analysis for total protein and fat rose, which was much higher than before. Those of neem oil and malathion were kept separate. The liver of fish exposed to neem oil exhibited normal hepatocellular architecture in acute and chronic toxicity experiments, but fish exposed to malathion alone and malathion mixed with neem oil showed hepatocellular degeneration, with the latter showing indications of recovery. Neem oil-exposed fish showed normal renal architecture, whereas malathion-exposed fish had epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis, and those exposed to both neem oil and malathion had moderate degeneration. Neem oil interacts with malathion and protects against the toxicant's negative effects, according to this study.

Author(s) Details:

D. Jothigayathri,
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women, Chennai-18, India.

Amthul Azeez,
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women, Chennai-18, India.

C. M. Lubna Ghazia,
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women, Chennai-18, India.

F. Akthari Begum,
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women, Chennai-18, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V3/article/view/7045

Liver Damage due to the Interaction of Malathion with Cimetidine in Rat: Advanced Study | Chapter 6 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 Cimetidine (C) and cimetidine with malathion (M + C) were employed in this chapter to analyze oxidative stress enzymes indicative of liver damage in rats exposed to malathion (M) in a subchronic form. Cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, has been shown to inhibit a variety of CYP450 isoforms. Malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide that is widely used, causes oxidative liver damage. Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were investigated after being exposed to Malathion (0.15 mg/kg/day, 2 mg/kg/day, 15 mg/kg/day) and cimetidine (10 mg/kg/day) were given orally for three weeks. Malathion influences oxidative stress susceptibility and may modify antioxidant defense capacity directly or indirectly. This research will lead to new clinical diagnoses and treatments for pesticide-induced liver disease, as well as a focus on oxidative stress in organophosphate-exposed individuals and the development of intervention approaches.

Aiuthor (s) Details

Alba D. Campaña-Salcido,
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, México. A. Obregon Av.and J.O.de Domínguez St., Postal code 80001; Culiacán Sin., México.

Dr. Álvarez A. Anthon,
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, México. A. Obregon Av.and J.O.de Domínguez St., Postal code 80001; Culiacán Sin., México.

View Book : https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V5/article/view/1243