Isolation and Characterisation of Antibiotic Resistance Escherichia coli from Wild Animals kept at Bikaner Zoo Rajasthan, India | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 

Antimicrobial resistance is a matter of great concern due to the reduced efficacy or failures of antibiotics to treat various bacterial infections. At present, there are few reports available on the isolation and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes on E. coli found in wild captive animal species. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic properties of E. coli isolates obtained from wild captive animals at Bikaner Zoo in regard to their antibiotic resistance. In the present study, a total of 41 E. coli isolates obtained from Boselaphus tragocamelus (5), Antelope cervicapra (18) and Gazella gazelle (18) maintained at Bikaner Zoo (Rajasthan) were subjected to antibiogram determination against 15 antibiotics belonging to four different classes and were also genotyped for detecting presence of blaTEM, sul-2, strA and aadA genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by the agar disc diffusion method. The polymerase chain reaction was carried out with a Veriti 96 well thermocycler to detect the presence of the identified genes amplified through specific primers. Antibiogram study revealed the highest efficacy of ciprofloxacin (90.2%) followed by nalidixic acid (75.6%) and chloramphenicol (68.4%) and high resistance to \(\beta\) lactam, Sulfamethoxazole and Aminoglycoside antibiotics. The overall presence of blaTEM, sul-2, strA and aadA genes was detected in 95.12%, 80.48%, 60.97% and 87.8% in isolates. This study's findings reveal that wild captive animals may act as a reservoir of antibiotic resistant genes which may be mobilized into other ecological populations. The data from the present study accounts for the critical need for regulation of antimicrobial drug usage in wild captive animals and highlights for continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance.

 

Author(s) Details

Sophia Zaidi
Government College, Deshnok-334801, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v5/349

Bacteriological Outline and Antibiogram of Uropathogens: A Study at a Tertiary Care Centre | Chapter 9 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections, both in the community and in healthcare worldwide. The clinical spectrum of UTI can range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to severe forms like emphysematous pyelonephritis and sepsis. UTIs are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality requiring urgent antibiotic treatment. However, there is widespread antibiotic resistance from the bacterial causes, necessitating regular surveillance for drug-resistant bacteria and their antibiograms.

Objective: The aim of this study is to isolate and identify various bacterial causes of UTIs and determine their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

Methods: A total of 5017 urine samples were analyzed from January 2021 to December 2022. Out of these 1014 samples were positive. Identification of the pathogen and anti-microbial sensitivity was done using the Automated system, Vitek 2 compact (Biomereiux).

Results: Culture positivity in this study was 20%. Gram-negative bacteria were predominantly isolated (79.7%), including Escherichia coli (52.8%) and Klebsiella  aerogenes (14.2%). Enterococcus faecalis was the most common Gram-positive bacterium isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern among gram-negative bacilli has shown maximum sensitivity to Colistin and Fosfomycin followed by Carbapenems (Imipenem, Meropenem & Ertapenem), Amikacin and Beta lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor (BL-BLI) combination drugs. Out-patient department (OPD) samples were found to be more susceptible to antimicrobials than In-patient department (IPD) samples. Maximum resistance was seen against Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. Klebsiella and Pseudomonas isolates were found to be more resistant when compared to E. coli. isolates were more sensitive to Nitrofurantoin (87%) than Klebsiella  (22%). Carbapenem resistance was seen in 50% of the Inpatient isolates of Klebsiella  pneumoniae and 36% of Inpatient isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Few isolates of K. pneumoniae & P. aeruginosa were found to be resistant even to Colistin. In order to prevent the development of resistance, antibiotic susceptibility patterns must be continuously and periodically evaluated to select the appropriate regimen to treat UTI and to avoid complications.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Vani Majji
KIMS Hospital Enterprises Pvt. Ltd., Kondapur, Hyderabad, 500084, Telangana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v13/4449

Evaluation of the Antifugal and Antibacterial Potential of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil | Chapter 10 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

 The aim of our study is to determine the antimicrobial and antifungal effect of essential oils of plants Thymus vulgarison some pathogenic bacteria and fungal. Nowadays, plants are used by most inhabitants of the world due to their aromatic properties, as condiments or as a cure in traditional medicine. Essential oils have many therapeutic properties. In herbal medicine, they are used for their antiseptic properties against infectious diseases of fungal origin, against dermatophytes, those of bacterial origin.

Humans use plants for thousands of years to treat various ailments, in many developing countries; much of the population relies on traditional doctors and their collections of medicinal plants to cure them.

Thymus vulgaris is one of the most popular aromatic plants used in the world. The applications are very large and affect the food and medicine fields traditionally.

The antimicrobial test was carried out with five strains of bacteria. The test adopted, is based on the diffusion method on solid medium (Antibiogram), this method allows to determine the susceptibility or resistance of an organism according to the sample studied.

Our study reveals that the essential oil of the plant Thymus vulgaris has a different effect on the resistance of germs. We are recommending people to a reasonable use of medicinal plants, because improper use of these plants will probably lead to harmful side effects to human health.

Author(s) Details:

M. Mehani,
Laboratory of Process Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ouargla University, Ouargla, Algeria and Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ghardaia, Ghardaia 47000, Algeria.

I. Mehani,
Laboratory for Bioressources Saharan Preservation and Enhancement, University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria.

L. Segni,
Laboratory of Process Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ouargla University, Ouargla, Algeria and Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ouargla University, Ouargla, Algeria.

C. Morcia,
CREA-GB, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC), Italy.

V. Terzi,
CREA-GB, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC), Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB/article/view/13230

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates: A Case from Tertiary Care Hospital, South India | Chapter 8 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 The importance of Klebsiella in the rising frequency of gram-negative aerobic bacillary nosocomial infections in the US and India. In this antibiotic era, antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, which is a major source of concern. One of the most common causes of sepsis and infection-related mortality is multidrug-resistant bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella in various clinical specimens using phenotypic approaches. Materials and Procedures: In a prospective laboratory-based analysis, the presence of Extended Spectrum—lactamases (ESBLs) in samples obtained over a two-year period was confirmed phenotypically. Over the course of two years, 7644 gram negative bacterial isolates were obtained from a total of 16526 clinical specimens received at the microbiology lab. 1157 of the 2497 Klebsiella isolates tested positive for ESBL (46 percent ). Conclusion: Drug-resistant Klebsiella infections that produce ESBL are difficult to treat and can be deadly. A robust and rapid implementation of an effective antibiotic policy, as well as the sensible use of antibiotics, is required in all healthcare settings.

Author (s) Details

Rangnekar Aseem
Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Raebareli, India.

Mallaya Shrikara
Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Raebareli, India.

Shenoy Shalini
Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Raebareli, India.

Gupta Shefali
Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Raebareli, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V1/article/view/1181