Comparison of Epidemiological Characteristics of Clinically Isolated ESBL and Non-ESBL Producing Escherichia coli from 2014 to 2022: A Single-Center Study | Chapter 7 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

Background: Over the years, the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains have become a significant concern in clinical settings. Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates is crucial for effective infection control and antibiotic stewardship.

Aim: This single-center study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of clinically isolated Escherichia coli from 2014 to 2022.

Methods: In vitro drug sensitivity of E. coli to 20 antibiotics was examined using the microbroth dilution method. A total of 7580 clinical E. coli strains were isolated from 2014 to 2022, among which 56.9% were identified as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method according to the guidelines provided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The data were analyzed using the software WHONET5.6 and the R language platform.

Results: The number of female patients exceeds that of males (4798 vs.2782), and the median age of females is higher than that of males. Over the study period, carbapenem resistance rates increased by more than 50% (2022 [1.34%] vs 2014 [0.8%]) and the annual number of isolates showed an upward trend (1264 in 2022 vs 501 in 2014). Drug resistance rates were the highest for penicillin (75–85%) and lowest for imipenem (1%). The resistance rate of strains isolated from male patients and sputum was found to be higher than that of female patients and urine, except for quinolones (p <0.05). The drug resistance rates from high to low were penicillins (75– 85%), tetracycline (64%), quinolones (64–67%), sulfamethoxazole (59.3%), cephalosporins (22–72%), aztreonam (34%), chloram-phenicol (21%), amikacin (2.8%), colistin (1.4%), meropenem (1.1%), and imipenem (1%). Urine, sputum, and blood accounted for 51%, 16.6%, and 10.6% of the samples, respectively. A greater number of female patients were included than male patients (4798[63.3%] vs 2782[26.7%]). Patients aged 50–80 accounted for 64.2% of those surveyed.

Conclusion: Carbapenems remain the optimal choice for treating extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli infections (sensitivity rate: 98%). Colistin (87.7%) and amikacin (87%) exhibited good antibacterial activities against carbapenem-resistant E. coli. Long-term and continuous epidemiological surveillance of E. coli can facilitate the development of preventive strategies and control policies. In future research, bacterial genotyping has made a great contribution to the epidemiology of drug-resistant bacteria, and it should gradually become the mainstream monitoring method to be implemented.

 

Author (s) Details

Wei Zhang
Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China and Microbiology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Qing Wang
Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.

 

Liru Zhang
Clinical Laboratory, Zhangjiakou Wanquan District Hospital, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Jiangxiong Wu
Inspection Center, Qujing No.1 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Qujing Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China.

 

Jinlu Liu
Microbiology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Cheng Lu
Microbiology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Xinsheng Wang
Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Zhihua Zhang
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v8/2286

Retrospective Analysis of Urinary Tract Infection in the Pediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Centre | Chapter 13 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2Retrospective Analysis of Urinary Tract Infection in the Pediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Centre | Chapter 13 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 Background: Urinary area infection (UTI) is among ultimate common contaminations occurring during period of being young. It is caused by both grandam-negative and gram-beneficial bacteria and Escherichia coli is the most average causative agent.Methods: Data of all pediatric inmates in the age group of 6 months to 18 years accompanying urinary tract contamination were taken for analysis. Urine samples were calm and cultured on the cystine lactose electrolyte- inadequate medium. The presence of microorganisms was identified using biochemicals, and the antimicrobial test was acted using the Kirby-Bauer test or the VITEK 2 compact system (bioMérieux, Inc., France).Results: The predominance of UTI was 23.5%. In total, 614 specimens proven positive with important bacteriuria. The male-to-female ratio was 1:2.3. Approximately 54% patients bestowed with urinary syndromes alone. Culture positivity was considerably associated with pyuria (p < 0.0001). E. coli (334/614) was the most universal isolate, attended by Enterococcus spp. (92/614). Colistin, polymyxin B, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, netilmicin, and amikacin were extremely good acting antimicrobials. Meanwhile, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and norfloxacin were well resistant to gram-negative microorganisms. Multidrug- resistant bacteria and lengthened-spectrum being tested-lactamase-producing bacteria were in the direction of 47% and 44.1% of cases, respectively. Vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, and nitrofurantoin were highly productive against gram-certain bacteria. Furthermore, norfloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline were very resistant to gram-helpful bacteria. Of the 92, 42 Enterococcus spp. were opposing to high-dose gentamicin.Conclusion: Nitrofurantoin and amikacin maybe used as empirical remedy for gram-negative and grandam- positive bacteria. Because fighting to various commonly secondhand antibiotics is found expected increasing, situation must be guided by antibiotic susceptibleness reports.

Author(s) Details:

Naz Perween,
Department of Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Child Health, Noida, India.

Sumit Rai,
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Mangalagiri, India.

Sumi Nandwani,
Department of Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Child Health, Noida, India.

Shyam Kishor Kumar,
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Mangalagiri, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V2/article/view/9663

Study on the Prevalence of Extended-spectrum B-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Tertiary Care Center, India | Chapter 11 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 3

 The purpose of this study was to find out how often ESBL production is among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic nosocomial infection with a rising resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactams, which is mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes (ESBL).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was discovered using normal microbiological protocols after various clinical specimens were processed in our laboratory. All isolates were subjected to an ESBL screening test. Using the Disc Diffusion approach, the suspected ESBL producer was then exposed to an ESBL phenotypic confirmation test. In accordance with Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI 2016) guidelines, all confirmed isolates were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test using the Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method.

During the study period, 322 non-duplicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were discovered. ESBL production was detected in 26.09 percent of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n = 84). Ciprofloxacin 79 (94.05 percent), Gentamicin 61 (72.62 percent), and tobramycin 60 resistance was found in all ESBL positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (71.43 percent ). Resistance to medicines such as cefoperazone + sulbactam 17 (20.24%), piperacillin + Tazobactam 14 (16.67%), and Imipenem 15 was low (17.86 percent ). Polymyxin B sensitivity was 100 percent in all isolates.

Conclusion: The current study highlights the prevalence and drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is ESBL positive. Antibiotic judicious usage necessitates regular antimicrobial susceptibility testing to prevent the spread of drug resistance.

Author(S) Details

Swati Tewari
Department of Microbiology, Mulayam Singh Yadav Medical College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Alok Kumar
Department of Microbiology, Mulayam Singh Yadav Medical College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ekta Rani
Department of Microbiology, Mulayam Singh Yadav Medical College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V3/article/view/5363  

Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Trends in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients | Chapter 4 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 During a 10-year period, we conducted an extended spectrum-lactamase (ESBL) survey among infectious Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates at Tunisia's Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (from 2002 to 2011).

Bacterial identification was accomplished out using biochemical features as well as API identification techniques. The disc diffusion method was used to investigate antibiotic susceptibility on Muller-Hinton agar.

ESBL-producing strains were found in 34.5 percent of 142 K. pneumoniae strains and 11.46 percent of 218 E. coli strains during the study period. The generation of ESBL in the selected bacteria was shown to be on the rise.

Conclusion: In order to guide the use of antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of these pathogens in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient population, screening for ESBL production among infectious K. pneumoniae and E. coli strains is critical.

Author (s) Details

Arij Mechergui
Laboratory Unit, The National Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Tunis, Tunisia.

Wafa Achour
Laboratory Unit, The National Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Tunis, Tunisia.

Assia Ben Hassen
Laboratory Unit, The National Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Tunis, Tunisia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V8/article/view/1422

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates: A Case from Tertiary Care Hospital, South India | Chapter 8 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 The importance of Klebsiella in the rising frequency of gram-negative aerobic bacillary nosocomial infections in the US and India. In this antibiotic era, antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, which is a major source of concern. One of the most common causes of sepsis and infection-related mortality is multidrug-resistant bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella in various clinical specimens using phenotypic approaches. Materials and Procedures: In a prospective laboratory-based analysis, the presence of Extended Spectrum—lactamases (ESBLs) in samples obtained over a two-year period was confirmed phenotypically. Over the course of two years, 7644 gram negative bacterial isolates were obtained from a total of 16526 clinical specimens received at the microbiology lab. 1157 of the 2497 Klebsiella isolates tested positive for ESBL (46 percent ). Conclusion: Drug-resistant Klebsiella infections that produce ESBL are difficult to treat and can be deadly. A robust and rapid implementation of an effective antibiotic policy, as well as the sensible use of antibiotics, is required in all healthcare settings.

Author (s) Details

Rangnekar Aseem
Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Raebareli, India.

Mallaya Shrikara
Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Raebareli, India.

Shenoy Shalini
Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Raebareli, India.

Gupta Shefali
Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Raebareli, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V1/article/view/1181