Detection and Prevalence of Metallo-Beta- Lactamase (MBL) Enzymes Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Various Clinical Samples: A Microbiological Assessment | Chapter 4 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 1

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant Gram-negative pathogen responsible for various opportunistic infections and nosocomial outbreaks. The rising incidence of hospital-acquired infections caused by P. aeruginosa, particularly those producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), poses a major clinical challenge. The mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics includes the production of beta-lactamase, reduced outer membrane permeability, the altered affinity of target penicillin-binding proteins and plasmid-mediated resistance involving modifying enzymes. Carbapenems, often considered the last-resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, are increasingly compromised due to the emergence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa.

Aim: This study aimed to detect MBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical samples.

Methods: Clinical P. aeruginosa strains were isolated and identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines (2011). Carbapenem-resistant strains were screened for MBL production using the disc potentiation test, with confirmation based on enhanced inhibition zones around imipenem and meropenem discs supplemented with EDTA.

Results: Out of 120 clinical samples, the highest prevalence of MBL-producing isolates was observed in endotracheal aspirates (36.66%), followed by wound swabs (28%) and blood samples (28%). Among these, 36 (30%) isolates were carbapenem-resistant, and 22 (18.33%) tested positive for MBL production. The high prevalence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa among multidrug-resistant strains highlights the need for early detection to optimize treatment and prevent nosocomial transmission.

Conclusion: Continuous surveillance for MBL-producing P. aeruginosa is essential to mitigate the spread of resistance and ensure effective clinical management.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mohammed Ansar Qureshi
Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v1/4751

Comparison of Epidemiological Characteristics of Clinically Isolated ESBL and Non-ESBL Producing Escherichia coli from 2014 to 2022: A Single-Center Study | Chapter 7 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

Background: Over the years, the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains have become a significant concern in clinical settings. Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates is crucial for effective infection control and antibiotic stewardship.

Aim: This single-center study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of clinically isolated Escherichia coli from 2014 to 2022.

Methods: In vitro drug sensitivity of E. coli to 20 antibiotics was examined using the microbroth dilution method. A total of 7580 clinical E. coli strains were isolated from 2014 to 2022, among which 56.9% were identified as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method according to the guidelines provided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The data were analyzed using the software WHONET5.6 and the R language platform.

Results: The number of female patients exceeds that of males (4798 vs.2782), and the median age of females is higher than that of males. Over the study period, carbapenem resistance rates increased by more than 50% (2022 [1.34%] vs 2014 [0.8%]) and the annual number of isolates showed an upward trend (1264 in 2022 vs 501 in 2014). Drug resistance rates were the highest for penicillin (75–85%) and lowest for imipenem (1%). The resistance rate of strains isolated from male patients and sputum was found to be higher than that of female patients and urine, except for quinolones (p <0.05). The drug resistance rates from high to low were penicillins (75– 85%), tetracycline (64%), quinolones (64–67%), sulfamethoxazole (59.3%), cephalosporins (22–72%), aztreonam (34%), chloram-phenicol (21%), amikacin (2.8%), colistin (1.4%), meropenem (1.1%), and imipenem (1%). Urine, sputum, and blood accounted for 51%, 16.6%, and 10.6% of the samples, respectively. A greater number of female patients were included than male patients (4798[63.3%] vs 2782[26.7%]). Patients aged 50–80 accounted for 64.2% of those surveyed.

Conclusion: Carbapenems remain the optimal choice for treating extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli infections (sensitivity rate: 98%). Colistin (87.7%) and amikacin (87%) exhibited good antibacterial activities against carbapenem-resistant E. coli. Long-term and continuous epidemiological surveillance of E. coli can facilitate the development of preventive strategies and control policies. In future research, bacterial genotyping has made a great contribution to the epidemiology of drug-resistant bacteria, and it should gradually become the mainstream monitoring method to be implemented.

 

Author (s) Details

Wei Zhang
Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China and Microbiology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Qing Wang
Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.

 

Liru Zhang
Clinical Laboratory, Zhangjiakou Wanquan District Hospital, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Jiangxiong Wu
Inspection Center, Qujing No.1 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Qujing Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China.

 

Jinlu Liu
Microbiology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Cheng Lu
Microbiology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Xinsheng Wang
Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Zhihua Zhang
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v8/2286

Drug Resistance, Clinical Characteristics, and Geographic Distribution of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in a Northern Province in China | Chapter 6 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

Background: Bacterial drug resistance has become a major global challenge in the field of public health and is a serious threat to human health. Since the discovery of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) in the United States in 1996, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has spread rapidly worldwide.

Purpose: This study analyzed the clinical distribution and drug resistance of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), MIC50 and MIC90, and the geographical distribution in Hebei Province, China. The study aimed to provide epidemiological research data, formulate appropriate combined treatment schemes, reasonably select antibiotics, and standardize nosocomial infection control schemes.

Patients and Methods: A total of 6328 strains of CRKP were collected from 2017 to 2019. The MIC was determined for the drug sensitivity test, and the experimental data were statistically analyzed using WHONET5.6. Susceptibility testing was performed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

Results: The detection rate of CRKP increased annually from 13.4% in 2017 to 14.5% in 2018, and 14.6% in 2019. The ratio of males to females was approximately 2:1; 53.6% were elderly, 39% were adults, 4.8% were minors, and 2.5% were newborns. The specimens collected were mainly sputum (70.9%). The resistance rate of CRKP to carbapenems and other β-lactam antibiotics was found to be increasing, with resistance rates generally greater than 90%. The resistance rate to aminoglycoside antibiotics decreased yearly to approximately 50%, and the resistance rate to quinolones remained unchanged at approximately 80%. From 2017 to 2019, the resistance rate of CRKP in Hebei Province to various antibiotics was high, and the resistance rate to β-lactam antibiotics increased each year. This study showed that CRKP in Hebei Province mainly caused pneumonia, followed by urinary tract infection, bloodstream infection, wound infection, and abdominal infection. The geographical distribution of CRKP is different in Hebei, and its distribution in other cities in China is uneven. The treatment of CRKP infection remains an intractable problem in clinics.

Conclusion: The situation of CRKP resistance is severe in Hebei Province, China. From 2017 to 2019, in Hebei Province, CRKP primarily caused lung infection; males accounted for about two-thirds, and older patients represented the majority of the patient population. The resistance rate to most antibiotics is very high and shows an upward trend. Among them, the resistance rate to polymyxin is low; however, few resistant strains do exist. MIC50 and MIC90 are higher than their MICs. It mainly causes lung infections in elderly men. This study is helpful to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CRKP infection in our province.

 

Author (s) Details

Na Wang
Microbiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

Minghua Zhan
Microbiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China and Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China.

Jianhua Liu
Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Yao Wang
Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China.

 

Yongwang Hou
Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Caiqing Li
Microbiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Jia Li
Microbiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Xuying Han
Microbiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Jinlu Liu
Microbiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Yong Chen
Infectious Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Jingjing Fan
Infectious Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Jianhua Tang
Clinical Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Wenhua Lu
Dental Department, Beijing Fengtai Tieying Community Health Service Center, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China.

 

Xinran Zhong
Microbiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Zhihua Zhang
Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China.

 

Wei Zhang
Microbiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, People’s Republic of China and Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v8/2283

Moraxella osloensis: A Rare Potential Pathogen in Immunocompetent Individuals | Chapter 9 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 The case report highlights a singular case of Moraxella osloensis septic arthritis in alcoholic patient with asserted history of fall following attack by a household animal. Moraxella osloensis is a rare causative power of infection in persons with most cases stated in immunocompromised patients. Moraxella osloensis is part of usual flora in the skin, gelled waste membranes and respiratory tract of persons. Infection at this moment organism is precious, and few cases in literature were reported. This study report a case of 40years traditional chronic alcoholic patient the one presented accompanying septic arthritis of left body part joint. Culture of purulency aspirate was found to be certain for gram negative coccobacilli that were aerobic, oxidase beneficial and catalase positive. Authoritative identification of the isolate as M. osloensis by 16S rRNA deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing has been stated as a useful method for correct labeling. M.osloensis was identified by Biochemical tests and Vitek 2 Compact. Prompt control of contamination was achieved by situation with I.V. Meropenem for 7 days along with debridement of abandoned knee joint. As this structure has been isolated from non-immunocompromised victims and children accompanying osteoarticular infection, we intend that M. osloensis be considered as a rare potential bacterium in immunocompetent individuals the one present with a clinical exact likeness monoarthritis.

Author(s) Details:

S. Pratibha,
Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

R. Praveen Kumar,
Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V5/article/view/10487

Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Presumably Sterile Sites and their Drug Susceptibility at a University Hospital in North India| Chapter 1 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

 The objective concerning this study search out label commonly unique microorganisms from the crowd fluid samples and approach their medicine sensitivity pattern.All material fluid samples (except ancestry, cerebrospinal fluid, and adulterated samples) taken in the Bacteriology division of the Department of Microbiology from November 2019 to May 2020 were included in our study.Out of 363 samples of crowd fluids, 113 (31.12%) were establish expected definite for bacterial breeding and subtlety. Male predominance with liver ailment inmates was regarded statistically important when compared to those outside liver ailment. Comorbidities in the way that hypertension and encephalopathy were statistically meaningful in inmates with liver ailment distinguished to those outside liver affliction. Escherichia coli was ultimate commonly unique microorganisms (20.35%) that was understood by Pseudomonas spp (15.92%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.50%). Fifty-individual (45.13%) isolates in our study were Multidrug-resistant. In our analysis, malignancy cases had statistically important MDR bacteria isolation from bodily fluid samples. With the Extended-range suspect-lactamase (ESBL) integrity and total opposition to Carbapenems, Klebsiella pneumoniae was deliberate ultimate resistant MDR germ. However, all isolates were susceptible to Colistin. This study acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the practical situation of patients established medicine susceptibleness patterns by effecting the range of bacterial isolates recognized from bodily fluid samples collected in our workshop. It again emphasises the significance of obeying to medicine sensitivity results and contamination control practises in the ward argue hinder the spread of multidrug-opposing infections.

Author(s) Details:

Mitra Kar,
Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Chinmoy Sahu,
Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Radhika Choudhary,
Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Akanksha Dubey,
Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V1/article/view/8981