The Microbial Etiology of Urinary Tract Infections in a Tunisian Orthopedic Institute | Chapter 2 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 3

Background: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), frequently encountered both in hospitals and community settings, are among the most common reasons for medical consultations in daily practice and constitute a significant driver of antibiotic consumption. The microorganisms most frequently isolated during these infections are Gram-negative bacilli, with Escherichia coli at the top of the list.

Aim: This study aimed to characterise the microbiological profile of Tunisian patients with UTIs and evaluate antibiotic resistance patterns over three years at the Orthopaedic Institute.

Methods: Urine samples collected between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021, were analysed. Standard laboratory procedures were employed to identify bacterial strains, and the Microscan Walkway 40 Plus system was used for biochemical assays and antibiotic susceptibility testing. E. coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus feacalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213 were used as a control strains. Results were interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines.

Results: A total of 1,313 bacterial strains were isolated. The analysis revealed a predominance of Enterobacteriaceae (96.8%), with Escherichia coli (52.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.3%) being the most common pathogens. Antibiotic resistance rates in hospital-acquired E. coli strains were as follows (in descending order): amoxicillin (73.05%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (46.9%), ofloxacin (40.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (35.05%), and gentamicin (20.5%). Resistance to fosfomycin was low for E. coli (2.6%) in hospitals but higher for K. pneumoniae (≥12.1%). Amikacin resistance remained moderate, affecting ≥20% of E. coli strains and 10% of K. pneumoniae. Nitrofurantoin resistance was minimal in E. coli (1.06%) but significant in K. pneumoniae (21.5%). The production of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) was observed in 19.3% of K. pneumoniae and 14.4% of E. coli isolates.

Conclusion: The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in UTIs is on the rise. Continuous surveillance of resistance patterns is essential to guide empirical treatment and mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant strains. In future, clinico-bacteriological studies with a high level of scientific evidence must be carried out to increase the strength of the recommendations.

 

Author (s) Details

Hajer Kilani
Microbiology Unit, Clinical Biology Laboratory, Mohamed Kassab Institute of Orthopedics, Tunis, Tunisia and Faculty of Medicine, LR99ES09 Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistance, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

 

Salma Kaoual
Microbiology Unit, Clinical Biology Laboratory, Mohamed Kassab Institute of Orthopedics, Tunis, Tunisia and Department of Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.

Fatma Kaabi
Microbiology Unit, Clinical Biology Laboratory, Mohamed Kassab Institute of Orthopedics, Tunis, Tunisia.

 

Ilhem Boutiba-BenBoubaker
Faculty of Medicine, LR99ES09 Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistance, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia and Department of Microbiology, Hospital of Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisia.

 

Sophia Bouhalila Besbes
Microbiology Unit, Clinical Biology Laboratory, Mohamed Kassab Institute of Orthopedics, Tunis, Tunisia and Department of Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v3/3851

Retrospective Analysis of Urinary Tract Infection in the Pediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Centre | Chapter 13 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2Retrospective Analysis of Urinary Tract Infection in the Pediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Centre | Chapter 13 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 Background: Urinary area infection (UTI) is among ultimate common contaminations occurring during period of being young. It is caused by both grandam-negative and gram-beneficial bacteria and Escherichia coli is the most average causative agent.Methods: Data of all pediatric inmates in the age group of 6 months to 18 years accompanying urinary tract contamination were taken for analysis. Urine samples were calm and cultured on the cystine lactose electrolyte- inadequate medium. The presence of microorganisms was identified using biochemicals, and the antimicrobial test was acted using the Kirby-Bauer test or the VITEK 2 compact system (bioMérieux, Inc., France).Results: The predominance of UTI was 23.5%. In total, 614 specimens proven positive with important bacteriuria. The male-to-female ratio was 1:2.3. Approximately 54% patients bestowed with urinary syndromes alone. Culture positivity was considerably associated with pyuria (p < 0.0001). E. coli (334/614) was the most universal isolate, attended by Enterococcus spp. (92/614). Colistin, polymyxin B, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, netilmicin, and amikacin were extremely good acting antimicrobials. Meanwhile, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and norfloxacin were well resistant to gram-negative microorganisms. Multidrug- resistant bacteria and lengthened-spectrum being tested-lactamase-producing bacteria were in the direction of 47% and 44.1% of cases, respectively. Vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, and nitrofurantoin were highly productive against gram-certain bacteria. Furthermore, norfloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline were very resistant to gram-helpful bacteria. Of the 92, 42 Enterococcus spp. were opposing to high-dose gentamicin.Conclusion: Nitrofurantoin and amikacin maybe used as empirical remedy for gram-negative and grandam- positive bacteria. Because fighting to various commonly secondhand antibiotics is found expected increasing, situation must be guided by antibiotic susceptibleness reports.

Author(s) Details:

Naz Perween,
Department of Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Child Health, Noida, India.

Sumit Rai,
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Mangalagiri, India.

Sumi Nandwani,
Department of Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Child Health, Noida, India.

Shyam Kishor Kumar,
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Mangalagiri, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V2/article/view/9663

Purple Urine Bag Syndrome in a CKD Patient: A Case Report | Chapter 4 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 Purple urine bag syndrome is an uncommon condition in which the plastic disposable urinary catheter bag turns purple or blue after several hours or days of use. The case of a 58-year-old woman who presented with purple urine bag syndrome had previously been diagnosed with CKD due to diabetic nephropathy and thus had a positive history of hypertension. It's an unusual symptom of a urinary tract infection brought about by bacteria that produce sulfatase or phosphatase.

Author (s) Details

Upma Narain
Tejas Microdiagnostics, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Arvind Gupta
Division of Nephrology, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMB-V5/article/view/867

Prevention of UTI in Children with CAKUT: A Medical Challenge | Chapter 6 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 8

 Context: Inflammation of the urinary tract (UTI) is more common in children with congenital kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) anomalies than in the general paediatric population. Children may be predisposed to renal scarring, hypertension and CKD due to repeated UTI as a result of CAKUT. In this group of patients, UTI avoidance is advocated, but in light of the controversy surrounding the use of prophylactic antibiotics, achieving this has become a medical challenge.

Methods: This was a 10-year retrospective study of children with CAKUT who were put at the Academic Hospital in Johannesburg on prophylactic antibiotics for a certain period of time. UTI rates, isolated types of causative species and the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in the prevention of UTI have been reported.

Results: We examined one hundred and thirty four (134) patients with CAKUT. Thirty-six (36) of them were started on prophylactic antibiotics after CAKUT was diagnosed. The relation between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the incidence of UTI was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Patients that were not on prophylactic antibiotics were five times more likely than those on prophylactic antibiotics to have a UTI (OR = 5.21, P = 0.001, 95% CI: 1.9906-13.6277). An altered pattern of isolated bacteria was seen by patients who were on prophylactic antibiotics, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most frequently isolated organism rather than E. Compared with the community that were not on prophylactic antibiotics, coli. The relation between the form of bacteria isolated and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis (p= 0.031) was statistically important. Conclusion: In our cohort of patients with CAKUT, antibiotic prophylaxis was very successful in decreasing the incidence of UTI.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Nneka Chioma Okoronkwo
The Renal Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCMS-V8/issue/view/3