Role of Pteris vittata L. in Phytoremediation of Arsenic-contaminated Soil | Chapter 9 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 1

Arsenic, one of the most abundant toxic elements in the earth’s crust, affects millions of human and animal populations throughout the world. Phytoremediation is a natural process of restoring soil fertility by removal of toxic contaminants by usage of a plant grown in the contaminated soil. In this regard, in 2001, Pteris vittata L. was discovered as the first plant to have the ability to uptake and accumulate arsenic. The fern has been found to assimilate large quantities of arsenic in both its inorganic forms - arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV). The review enumerates the potentialities of P. vittata as an arsenic hyperaccumulator, with all the evidence and findings from investigations and experimental studies carried out in the last two decades. The consolidated study shows the importance and scope of future utilization of biotechnological approaches of cloning of specific genes from P. vittata for further analysis and the gene transfer from this fern into other plants for effective phytoremediation of contaminated soil.

 

Author (s) Details

Sonali Ray
Department of Botany, Surendranath College, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v1/2259

Effect of Two Heavy Metals (Zn and Ni) on Growth of In vitro Hairy Root Cultures of Indian Mustard Brassica juncea L. | Chapter 6 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

Metals are natural components in soil with a number of heavy metals being required by plants as micronutrients. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, there has been a dramatic increase in toxic metal pollution of the biosphere. Roots are the plant parts, which facilitate the primary contact between a plant and a pollutant. Culture of genetically transformed hairy roots of hyperaccumulator plant sp. Brassica juncea L. grown in vitro was established to study the potential of in vitro hairy root cultures for the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals (Ni and Zn) for their growth and biomass from an aquatic environment. All the chemicals and reagents in this experiment were of Analytical grade and were obtained from Hi Media Laboratories Pvt ltd., Mumbai, India. At elevated concentrations of Ni and Zn metals, hairy roots showed exponential growth and accumulation. In lower concentrations, Zn might have no effect on the growth of root biomass and also found to be it cause no dramatic decrease in root growth even if they are accumulated. At higher concentrations of Zn, B. Juncea hairy roots were not only found to be tolerant to Zn and also had the capacity to increase their root biomass and no growth retardation was seen. All concentrations of Ni showed a drastic change in root biomass growth irrespective of the duration of incubation periods. Ni in higher concentrations caused an exponential increase in root biomass growth and Ni showed no toxicity symptoms in hairy roots even at higher concentrations for a longer time up to 8 weeks of our study period. Ni was found to be an essential micronutrient for the growth of hairy root biomass. From this study, it was cleared and concluded that hairy roots of in vitro grown hyperaccumulator plant culture system could be a useful and effective model (as it needs metals for their root biomass growth) to study the metal uptake and accumulation from an aquatic environment.

Author(s) Details:

A. Mohamed Ismail,
Department of Biotechnology, E. G. S. Pillay Arts & Science College (Autonomous), Nagappatinam, Tamil Nadu- 641046, India.

P. Agastian Theodor,
Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMAB-V1/article/view/13764

Study on Meta-Analysis of Heavy Metal Partitioning and Allocation Plasticity of Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae)| Chapter 5 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.10

Background: Heavy metal toxicity in contaminated settings generated a variety of physiological stress responses, resulting in damage to biological components like membranes, proteins, and DNA. Nicotiana glauca is an Egyptian invasive plant with a contradictory trend, making it difficult to assess its environmental contamination stance

The goal of this study was to explore phytomass, heavy metal concentrations, molecular expression (RAPD), and heavy metal (HM) partitioning and allocation plasticity in N. glauca using regular statistical as well as Meta-analyses (Box and Whisker plot and Pearson correlation coefficient).

The maximum heavy metal partitioning ranged from 1.15 for Mn to 9.03 for Cd, with both BCF and TF being more than one. Except for Ni in the root and Cd in the shoot, all metals showed a 100 percent significant connection in all sites. In comparison to BCF, TF, and PEC, copper had a wider interquartile range. Although all sites had a high GTS percent, site 10 had the most total number of bands and the greatest GTS percent, as well as the lowest proportion of polymorphism. Site 1, on the other hand, has the largest percentage of polymorphism and distinct bands.

Conclusion: A meta-analysis demonstrated that Nicotiana glauca is a hyperaccumulator species capable of accumulating large levels of heavy metals and adapting to polluted settings without undergoing significant genetic alterations.

 

Author(s) Details:

Salama Mohamed El-Darier,
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.


Ream Ibrahim Marzouk,
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.


Shimaa Abdel Razek Rashed,
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V10/article/view/5984