Development of an Efficient Plant Regeneration System from Apomictic and Sexual Seeds of Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) | Chapter 8 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) is an important tropical forage crop. It is represented in nature by both of the tetraploid biotypes that can reproduce through apomixis, and the sexual one. If this trait can be applied, it is expected to be an epoch-making breeding method, such as significantly reducing the cost of seed production by fixing first-generation hybrids, significantly shortening the breeding period by fixing promising strains in the middle of breeding, and converting vegetatively propagated plants to seed-propagated plants. The authors have captured a candidate gene, ASG-1, from apomictic guinea grass.　For analysis of apomixis genes, as the first step, an efficient and simple plant regeneration system has been established using callus from apomictic and sexual seeds of guinea grass (Panicum maximum). This study was conducted at the Miyakonojo Campus of Minami Kyushu University in Miyakonojo City, Japan, located at 31 degrees north latitude. The best basic medium for callus formation from mature seeds of guinea grass was selected, and then, the best combinations of growth regulators on different media were selected for plant regeneration by indirect organogenesis. Guinea grass accessions of sexual and apomict seeds were used for culture. Seeds sterilized were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) and in that proposed by Chu et al. (1975) (N6D) for callus formation. The best medium and the effects of L-proline and growth regulators’ type and concentrations on callus formation and plant regeneration in 3 accessions were examined, respectively. After the plantlets rooted in MS hormone-free medium, the complete plants were planted in pots for hardening. As a result, N6D medium has given better rates for callus formation, that is, 97.1% in sexual N68/96-8-o-5, and 91.7% and 84.6% in apomict N68/96-8-o-11 and ‘Natsukaze’, respectively. MS medium with 0.2 mg/l of Kinetin has given the best rate of plant regeneration among the 4 kinds of media. For each material, the best results were obtained on MS with 0.2 mg/l of Kinetin for N68/96-8-o-5, and MS with 2.0 mg/l of L-proline and 0.2 mg/l of Kinetin for ‘Natsukaze’. After hardening of the regenerated plants in soil, 100% of survival rates were obtained, and showed normal growth compared with the plants derived from seeds. As described above, it was established, as the first case, an efficient and simple plant regeneration system by using callus from apomictic and sexual seeds of guinea grass for analysis of apomixis genes, consisting of analysis of the best media, L-proline usages and phytohormone combinations for callus formation, plant regeneration and hardening in different stages, respectively. This finding provides important information not only for sexual but also for apomictic plants in constructing a plant regeneration system from calli derived from mature seeds.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Chen Lanzhuang
Faculty of Environmental and Horticultural Science, Minami Kyushu University, 3764-1, Tatenocho, Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki, 885-0035, Japan.

Nishimura Yoshiko
Faculty of Environmental and Horticultural Science, Minami Kyushu University, 3764-1, Tatenocho, Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki, 885-0035, Japan

 

Umeki Kazuma
Faculty of Environmental and Horticultural Science, Minami Kyushu University, 3764-1, Tatenocho, Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki, 885-0035, Japan.

 

Zhang Jun
Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.

 

Xu Chengti
Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4894

Effect of Two Heavy Metals (Zn and Ni) on Growth of In vitro Hairy Root Cultures of Indian Mustard Brassica juncea L. | Chapter 6 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

Metals are natural components in soil with a number of heavy metals being required by plants as micronutrients. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, there has been a dramatic increase in toxic metal pollution of the biosphere. Roots are the plant parts, which facilitate the primary contact between a plant and a pollutant. Culture of genetically transformed hairy roots of hyperaccumulator plant sp. Brassica juncea L. grown in vitro was established to study the potential of in vitro hairy root cultures for the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals (Ni and Zn) for their growth and biomass from an aquatic environment. All the chemicals and reagents in this experiment were of Analytical grade and were obtained from Hi Media Laboratories Pvt ltd., Mumbai, India. At elevated concentrations of Ni and Zn metals, hairy roots showed exponential growth and accumulation. In lower concentrations, Zn might have no effect on the growth of root biomass and also found to be it cause no dramatic decrease in root growth even if they are accumulated. At higher concentrations of Zn, B. Juncea hairy roots were not only found to be tolerant to Zn and also had the capacity to increase their root biomass and no growth retardation was seen. All concentrations of Ni showed a drastic change in root biomass growth irrespective of the duration of incubation periods. Ni in higher concentrations caused an exponential increase in root biomass growth and Ni showed no toxicity symptoms in hairy roots even at higher concentrations for a longer time up to 8 weeks of our study period. Ni was found to be an essential micronutrient for the growth of hairy root biomass. From this study, it was cleared and concluded that hairy roots of in vitro grown hyperaccumulator plant culture system could be a useful and effective model (as it needs metals for their root biomass growth) to study the metal uptake and accumulation from an aquatic environment.

Author(s) Details:

A. Mohamed Ismail,
Department of Biotechnology, E. G. S. Pillay Arts & Science College (Autonomous), Nagappatinam, Tamil Nadu- 641046, India.

P. Agastian Theodor,
Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMAB-V1/article/view/13764

Live Attenuated Vaccine for the Control of Bovine Babesiosis in México: A Review | Chapter 12 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 1

 Bovine babesiosis is a hemoparasitic contamination caused by intra-erythrocytic Babesia organism. It is mostly spread by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks and results in a hemolytic affliction that is devastating to oxen and has a significant financial impact, especially in tropical and subtropical domains of the world place the tick vector is endemic. The best system to date for preventing or controlling cow babesiosis is immunisation with freeloaders obtained from in vitro ideas. It has been displayed that once the vaccine flunkies are established in the mammals, the induced immune answer is protective, capable of returning to natural challenges accompanying high virulence bloodsuckers in the field. This science also improves the skill to control potential pathogen adulteration. Therefore, it seems sense to advise the immunization of susceptible mammals that might be transported to native regions. The objective of this item is to outline few of the basic studies that support the possibility of rewarding the mass production, of a live weakened vaccine derived from the artificial culture for the stop of bovine babesiosis in México.

Author(s) Details:

J. Antonio Álvarez-Martínez,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP. Carretera Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec, Morelos, 62550, México.

Carmen Rojas-Martínez,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP. Carretera Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec, Morelos, 62550, México.

Jose J. Lira-Amaya,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP. Carretera Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec, Morelos, 62550, México.

Julio V. Figueroa-Millán,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP. Carretera Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec, Morelos, 62550, México.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V1/article/view/8566