A Multi-factorial Analysis of the Factors Affecting Elementary Students’ Interest in Physical Education Considering Students’ Ethnicity and Gender | Chapter 5 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Background: Student attitudes toward education are of great concern to educators around the world. Fostering Student’s positive interest in physical education is of great concern in academia. More importantly, the rationale as to why one would maintain a positive interest in physical education is of concern. These topics have been widely researched. However, the comparison of gender and ethnicity as it relates to students’ interest in physical education is a novel investigation. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationship between elementary student’s interest in physical education considering gender, ethnicity, curricular and teacher influences, and student’s perceived competency.

Methods: Participants included 99 fifth-grade elementary school students (62 males, 37 females). Participant selection was conducted by utilizing 6 intact physical education classes from a single culturally diverse elementary school. Racial and ethnic distribution for fifth graders consists of 54.69% Caucasian, 37.50% African American, and 2.34% Hispanic, 4.69% Asian, and .78% Multicul¬tural. The Physical Education Interest Questionnaire was the instrument used for this study as well as open-ended questions for qualitative analysis [1]. Statistical analysis was done to analyze the collected data.

Results: Findings indicated that students, regardless of ethnicity and gender, maintained a positive interest in physical education. However, male students maintained greater interest in physical education than female students, irrespective of ethnicity. Caucasian students maintained significantly higher interest than other ethnicities. Perceived competence had the most effect on students’ overall interest. Answers to open-ended questions supported these results.

Conclusion: Although this study identified that a positive interest in physical education regardless of the subjects’ gender and ethnicity existed, future instructors must consider teaching non-mainstream individual fitness activities to students. This would lead to increased individual perceived competency and continued positive interest in physical education. The study suggests that future adults need to be encouraged to continue to be physically active throughout life not only while they are young, thus reducing the obesity epidemic plaguing our society.

Author(s) Details:

John D Hatten,
Keiser University, United States.

James C Hannon,
Kent State University, United States.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V4/article/view/14001

Mating Order Establishes Male Size Advantage in the Polygynandrous Millipede Centrobolus inscriptus Attems, 1928 | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.9

 The size assortative mating of a forest species of millipede belonging to the Order Spirobolida found along the eastern coast of southern Africa was investigated. The goals are to test for size benefits in mating by controlling for SSD in multiple mating. The duration of the first mating was positively related to male length (rs=0.30, n=46, P=0.04), but inversely connected to the duration of the second mating (rs=-0.35, n=46, P=0.02). When female width (z=-0.59, n=46, 46, p=0.60) and SSD (z=-1.08, n=46, 46, p=0.28) were adjusted, male length and copulation duration were different in first and second matings (z=3.13, n=46, 46, p0.01). Female choice based on male lengths explained a mating order effect from positive to negative size advantage in mating.

Author(s) Details:

Mark Cooper,
School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V9/article/view/5871

Length and Width Correlations in Centrobolus Cook, 1897| Chapter 6 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.9

 The size correlations of a forest genus of diplopods belonging to the order Spirobolida found along the eastern coast of southern Africa were investigated. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient Calculator was used to assess for correlations between four morphometric parameters for male and female lengths (mm) and widths (mm) collected from literature. In a study of 22 Centrobolus species, positive relationships were discovered. Male and female lengths and widths were shown to have strong positive connections. Female length and male width had a moderately favourable connection (r=0.72, Z score=3.91, n=22, p0.01). Male length and female width had a positive connection (r=0.62, Z score=3.16, n=22, p0.01). Male length/female width correlation (z=1.93, n=22, 22, p=0.05) differed from male length/female width correlation.

Author(s) Details:

Mark Cooper,
School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V9/article/view/5869

Copulation duration Allometry in Worm-like Millipedes (Diplopoda: Chilognatha: Helminthomorpha) | Chapter 5 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.9

 Copulation duration variance in mate-guarding worm-like millipedes was examined as one of many determining factors of copulation duration across arthropods. In worm-like millipedes, the goal was to compute copulation duration allometry. The null hypothesis was that mean copulation duration and variance were unaffected by body mass. The length of copulation and the standard deviation squared for 20 millipede populations were taken from the literature. The length of copulation was highly associated to variation (r=0.87, Z score= 5.74, n=21, p0.01). These included forest species such as Gigantowales chisholmi (0.09) and Alloporus uncinatus (Mazowe-Hwange) (4238.01). (C. anulatus, C. inscriptus, C. ruber). Female mass (r=0.68, Z score=2.89, n=15, p0.01) was shown to be linked with copulation duration variance (r=0.68, Z score=2.89, n=15, p0.01). Male mass (r=0.80, Z score=3.85, n=15, p0.01) was shown to be linked with copulation length variance (r=0.80, Z score=3.85, n=15, p0.01). These relationships were not significantly different (z=-0.67, n=15, 15, p=0.50). Male mass was only slightly linked with copulation duration (r=0.40, Z score=1.55, n=16, p=0.06). Female mass was not associated to copulation duration (r=0.33, Z score=1.22, n=16, p=0.11). These correlation coefficients were identical (z=0.23, n=16, 16, p=0.82). When intraspecific variation in copulation length was controlled, it was shown that it was negatively related to size and connected with the severity of sperm competition (equal). The duration of copulation is controlled by males based on the mass and intensity of sperm competition.

Author(s) Details:

Mark Cooper,
School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V9/article/view/5867

The Copulation duration Allometry in Centrobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pachybolidae)| Chapter 4 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.9

 Copulation duration variance in forest millipedes was examined as one of the deciding elements of copulation duration across arthropods. The goal was to figure out how much variance there was in copulation time. The null hypothesis was that mean copulation duration and variance were unaffected by body mass. In the literature, copulation duration and standard deviation squared for four millipede populations were found. Copulation duration and variance were associated (r=0.95, r2=0.90, n=5, p=0.01). C. anulatus had the shortest duration (34.9 minutes) and C. inscriptus had the longest (303 minutes) The variance in copulation length was linked with female mass (r=0.95, z-score=1.86, n=4, p=0.03). Millipedes, like several arachnids, had a correlation between copulation duration and variance in copulation duration and intra-specific size variation. Female mass and copulation time were associated (r=0.99, z-score=2.71, n=4, p0.01). Male mass was associated to sexual size dimorphism (r=-0.97, z-score=-2.17, n=4, p=0.01). Longer copulation duration was thought to be connected to sperm competition intensity and female control of copulation duration. Females regulate the length of copulation dependent on their bulk.

Author(s) Details:

Mark Cooper,
School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V9/article/view/5866

A Captured Adult Female Mantis Religiosa (Insecta: Mantodea) Laid Four Oothecas under Laboratory Conditions: An Observational Approach | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 5

 The Mantodea (Insecta) (Burmeister, 1838) is a well-studied insect due to its numerous outstanding traits. The quantity of oothecas laid by a female Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) has not been documented, to the author's knowledge. A collected female Mantis religiosa was bred in the laboratory of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Forensic Entomology, Ankara, Turkey, during September and October 2019. The goal of this research is to estimate how many oothecas a female Mantis religiosa can lay. This female has given birth to four oothecas while in captivity. These oothecas' offspring can be artificially selected to be reared as biological control agents when they develop.

Author(S) Details

Cem Turaman
Free lance Public Health Consultant, Entomologist, Izmir Caddesi 7/12 Kizilay Cankaya Ankara, Turkey.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V5/article/view/4606

Medical Students and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Knowledge and Approach | Chapter 11 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 1

Objective: To see the approach of medical students of Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences Quetta about the knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out on MBBS students of Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences Quetta Pakistan from 1st May 2017 to 30 June 2017 (two months). The sample size was 200 students. The questionnaire included 12 questions about diabetes mellitus, related to general knowledge of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The students were divided into two groups. The group I was the students who think that they have knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the group II was the students who think that they have poor or deficient knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Each question was allocated 5 marks. After giving marks to all replied questions, the total 60 marks for 12 questions were further categorized as; A score of less than 20 poor, 21-30 average, 31-40 good, ˃ 40 excellent. The results were analyzed by SPSS. Results: There were 174 (87.0%) students who had some knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus, while 26 (13.0%) had no any knowledge of diabetes mellitus. The students having age of 20 years or more were 126 (63%) where majority 107 (53.5%) were studying in second year. There were 102 (51%) male and 98 (49%) female students. The knowledge of investigation and diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus were found significant amongst all. The knowledge of etiology, symptoms, course, treatment and complications were found insignificant. Only 10 (5%) students had excellent knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The students having an age of more than 20 years had excellent and more knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The problems of diabetes mellitus among relatives of students and friends, its causative factors, symptoms and course was found insignificant. The knowledge of diagnostic test and interpretation had a positive correlation but insignificant. Majority of students 96 (48%) had average knowledge of diabetes mellitus.     

Author(s) Details

Dr. Zulfiqar Khosa
Department of Biochemistry, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.

Dr. Mukhtar Mehboob
Department of Biochemistry, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.

Dr. Muhammad Zubair
Department of Biochemistry, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.

Hamaiyal Sana
Department of Biochemistry, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta , Pakistan

Abdullah Zulfiqar Khosa
Department of Biochemistry, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/181