Evaluation of Mediastinal Masses through Computed Tomography (CT)| Chapter 4 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 10

 

Mediastinal masses are indicative of a broad range of disease states, some of which may be entirely asymptomatic or exhibit symptoms and indicators of intrathoracic pathology. A chest X-ray can identify a mediastinal mass, but a CT scan is required to characterize the mass in further detail.

 

Patients from our hospital who were suspected to have a mediastinal mass either on clinical examination or on the basis of an abnormal chest radiograph were included in the study. The patients were subjected to a thorough history and clinical examination. The advantages of CT such as better spatial resolutions, shorter imaging time, less expensive and its availability made CT a better imaging technique. Co-existing lung abnormalities and calcifications within the lesions are better appreciated on CT. CT examination of the patient was done using a Philips Ingenuity 128-slice CT scanner. Our study included a total of 50 cases, 31 males and 19 females. The anterior mediastinum is the most commonly involved compartment (n=27, 42.2%), followed by the middle (n=23, 35.9%) and posterior mediastinum (n=14, 21.8%). Thymic masses (n=7, 46.6%), Aneurysms (n=6, 54.5%) and Nerve sheath tumors (n=4, 33.3%) are the most common masses to have isolated compartmental involvement of anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum respectively. The majority of the mediastinal masses are well defined (n=36, 72%), with soft tissue (n=34, 68%) attenuation on plain CT, showing heterogeneous enhancement (n=22, 44%) on the administration of intravenous contrast. Computed tomography is an important modality in the evaluation of mediastinal masses for their exact localization, analyzing their morphology and arriving at a provisional diagnosis for optimal patient management. Most of the mediastinal masses are well defined, with soft tissue attenuation on the plain study, showing heterogenous enhancement in contrast study. Thus, CT with an overall accuracy of 94% is an important imaging modality in the evaluation of a mediastinal mass.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Aniket M. Zope

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Symbiosis Medical College for Women & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune - 412115, Maharashtra, India.

Snehil Kumar

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Symbiosis Medical College for Women & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune - 412115, Maharashtra, India.

Uday M. Zende

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Symbiosis Medical College for Women & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune - 412115, Maharashtra, India.

Amol A. Gautam

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Symbiosis Medical College for Women & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune - 412115, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v10/1235

Development of Mathematical Model for Predicting the Efficiency of Oil-water Separation | Chapter 3 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 8

Petroleum is vital to many industries and in the manufacture of a wide variety of materials. It also accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy needs and thus it is a critical concern for many nations.

 

The study anchors on developing a mechanistic model for oil- water separation. Over the years, researchers have been working on how to improve the quality of produced water effluent, especially from oil and gas operations sent to the receiving waters. Despite the standard set for compliance by regulatory bodies like united nation agency, ministry, departments and other agencies both state and federal government including non-governmental agencies the problem of meeting stipulated benchmarks still persist. This study however looks into some variables perceived as being relative to improving or affecting produced water effluent from oil-water separator. Modelling of oil-water separation was based on the philosophy that a mathematical model can be established for the physical problems under investigation. These mathematical problems formulated were based on laws of conservation. The model under study, where the total mass and energy cannot be generated neither do they disappear, so that mass balance would give an ordinary differential equation. Solving the model equation analytically however, poses some problems. Hence they were solved by simulation using the computer software SIMULINK a graphical extension of MATLAB with positive outcomes since it can model non-linear systems. From the simulated analysis, increased flow rate creates turbulence in the system with resultant poor effluent quality. Whereas from the simulated analysis, gradual temperature increases improve oil- water separation from lower temperature of the fluid upstream thereby aiding improvement in effluent quality.

Author(s) Details:

Emmanuel Ewa Ekeng,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Jonah Chukwuemeka Agunwamba,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V8/article/view/14050

Mandibular Intraosseous Lipoma – Rare and Confusing Lesion | Chapter 13 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Qualification: Lipomas can occur anywhere on the bulk and can be clinically wrong for other soft fabric lumps. The head and neck are uncommon places for bureaucracy to occur. Lipomas may meet with varying scopes of involution, with districts of fat necrosis, cyst establishment and dystrophic calcification . Ultimate common form of treatment for lipomas is surgical evacuation, while other options for the condition involve liposuction and steroid injections. This chapter aims to present our occurrence in intraosseous lipoma and review the literature had connection with it.Case Report: A 38-year-old woman the one was initially referred by her orthodontist because of myofascial pain is detailed in the current study. A bulk that was discovered by accident (8*5mm) was successfully removed and recognized as an intraosseous lipoma. Excellent painless consequences and no functional or affecting animate nerve organs impairment were caused for one procedure. Both clinically and radiographically, the swelling showed involvement of the inferior alveolar waterway. Such different tumor traits have never before happened documented, disproving earlier theories on the causes of this exceptional malignancy.Conclusion: In accordance with the current case description, this tumor is a actual primary benign abnormal growth in animate being with a positive origin.

Author(s) Details:

Shareef Araidy,
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, the Baruch Padeh Tzafon Medical Center, Poriya, Israel and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.

Michael V. Joachim,
Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Division, Shamir (Assaf ha-Rofeh) Medical Center, Tzrifin, Israel and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel. Address: Tzrifin, Be’er Yaacov, Israel.

Ibrahim Shajrawi,
Department of Pathology, the Baruch Padeh Tzafon Medical Center, Poriya, Israel.

Imad Abu El-Naaj,
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, the Baruch Padeh Tzafon Medical Center, Poriya, Israel and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V2/article/view/10631

Lorentz Transformations and the Theory of Relativity: A Fundamental Concept | Chapter 1 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 4

 The purpose having to do with this research was to catch an exhaustive understanding of Lorentz transformations and the Einstein's belief. The foundations of the relativistic plans of space and ending, their connections to Lorentz shifts, and the sameness of mass and substance were investigated as constituent a research study on Lorentz shifts and the theory of relativity. Numerous remarks on the earlier matters were examined. Lorentz revolutions are practical; the idea of shortening of room in a affecting standards for judging or deciding as viewed by a established observer possibly derived from Lorentz shifts. However, few critical questions have ascend concurrently with an activity this research study on the idea of distention of time in a exhilarating system as determined by a stationary moviegoer, and the concept of utter increase of a particle’s bulk accompanying speed.

Author(s) Details:

Fleur T. Tehrani,
School of Engineering and Computer Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V4/article/view/10584

Study about Relativistic Longitudinal and Transverse Mass Increase| Chapter 9 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

The goal of the study is to show that once the wave structure of the particles that make up the item is taken into account, the increased inertia of things travelling at Relativistic speeds can be properly explained using Classical Physics alone. I describe how Classical Physics ideas may be used to explain the Special Relativistic effect of mass gain that occurs within objects when they move at high speeds in this paper. My analysis takes into account the wave nature of condensed matter as well as energy/mass equivalency. A particle structure made up of three-dimensional standing waves represents the wave nature of particles. When this is done, the mass increase is entirely accounted for by the difference in the energy total of the component waves that make up a particle travelling at a rapid speed against those that make up a stationary particle. Furthermore, the object's inertia, or effective mass, is greater in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction due to the additional momentum of the wave components in the motion direction (the longitudinal direction) (orthogonal to the direction of motion). We may comprehend and see how and why a moving particle has distinct inertial mass in the longitudinal and transverse directions by modelling particles as three-dimensional Electromagnetic standing waves (using just Classical Physics).

Author(s) Details:

Declan Traill,
8 Leewarra Drive, Glen Waverley, Victoria 3150, Melbourne, Australia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V2/article/view/6621

Grounding of the Longitudinal Distance from the Plow Corps to the Center of the Disk Skimmer | Chapter 2 | Innovations in Science and Technology Vol.8

  The theoretical grounding of the longitudinal distance from the plough corps to the centre of the disc skimmer is discussed in this article. The longitudinal distance (I) from the tip of the ploughshare to the centre (Od) of the disc and the determination of the distance (y) of the soil discarding were theoretically substantiated. The angle () of attack, depth (hg) stroke, radius (r) of the sphere, radius (R) of the disc, and angle (k) of the ploughshare installation to the furrow wall are all factors that influence the longitudinal distance.

Author(s) Details:

A. R. Normirzayev,
Namangan Engineering Construction Institute (NECI), Namangan, Republic of Uzbekistan.


A. D. Nuriddinov,
Namangan Engineering Construction Institute (NECI), Namangan, Republic of Uzbekistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IST-V8/article/view/6243

The Copulation duration Allometry in Centrobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pachybolidae)| Chapter 4 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.9

 Copulation duration variance in forest millipedes was examined as one of the deciding elements of copulation duration across arthropods. The goal was to figure out how much variance there was in copulation time. The null hypothesis was that mean copulation duration and variance were unaffected by body mass. In the literature, copulation duration and standard deviation squared for four millipede populations were found. Copulation duration and variance were associated (r=0.95, r2=0.90, n=5, p=0.01). C. anulatus had the shortest duration (34.9 minutes) and C. inscriptus had the longest (303 minutes) The variance in copulation length was linked with female mass (r=0.95, z-score=1.86, n=4, p=0.03). Millipedes, like several arachnids, had a correlation between copulation duration and variance in copulation duration and intra-specific size variation. Female mass and copulation time were associated (r=0.99, z-score=2.71, n=4, p0.01). Male mass was associated to sexual size dimorphism (r=-0.97, z-score=-2.17, n=4, p=0.01). Longer copulation duration was thought to be connected to sperm competition intensity and female control of copulation duration. Females regulate the length of copulation dependent on their bulk.

Author(s) Details:

Mark Cooper,
School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V9/article/view/5866

Experimental Modeling of Mechanical Characteristics in Living Elastic Bodies | Chapter 10 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

Experimental modelling of mechanical properties in living elastic entities is one of the research goals.

Methods: Research into the acoustic and mechanical properties of the force of live bodies led to the conclusion that acoustic fields can have a detailed influence on the bodies of hazardous insect larvae. The mass, stiffness, and resonance frequency of these bodies must all be known.

Results: A method has been devised for identifying the resonance frequency of the larvae of hazardous insects. The research is based on the notion that the larva's body is similar to that of a homogeneous cylindrical shaft. The larvae's organs are placed in a specific apparatus. The modulus of elasticity and rigidity of the larva's body were calculated after the experimental data was processed.

Author(S) Details

Galyna I. Sokol
Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine.

Tatyana L. Savchuk
Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine.

Danylo O. Snobko
Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4891

If Space and Time are Necessary Conditions for the Universe, then Mass and Energy are Sufficient, Anybody can be Transformed into Any Other Condition without Difficulty | Chapter 10 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 9

 Our universe is teeming with enigmas. The universe is actually a form of encoded information. The universe uses a universal language to communicate with us. The problem is that decoding the secrets is tough in order to comprehend the laws that govern the universe's operation. Some of the universe's parameters are clear, and they can be used to decode the entire universe. For example, while space and time may be considered required conditions of the cosmos, mass and energy may be considered sufficient. Now we just need to figure out how to link all four parameters together. This chapter will explain how to transform any of the four conditions into the other circumstances. The speed is a quantity that connects space and time. Einstein's mass-energy equivalence condition can help with the transformation. I'll show how a space-time-mass-energy matrix may be utilised to mathematically depict the transformation.

Author (S) Details

Prasenjit Debnath
Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Barjala, Jirania, PO – NIT Agartala, District – Tripura (West), State – Tripura, Pin – 799046, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V9/article/view/1982

Scientific Study on the Particle Nature of Thoughts – Do Thoughts Matter and Mass!!! | Chapter 8 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.2

In this paper, we have a look at the potential power of thoughts and whether thoughts do have mass
or the power to influence the physical environment like matter does with its gravitional field. We also
have a look at some of the mind-boggling experiments in which thoughts seem to affect the physical
universe and also take a peek at the probable mechanism of interaction between thoughts and the
external environment. Also some methodologies to perform such experiments have been outlined. But
really…
Do thoughts have the power to kill a cancer cell or bring back a cell from the point of no return into
viable existence?
Like the rice experiment, can good thoughts amplify cell growth and bad thoughts cause a cell
death in a cell culture?
Again, can a cell culture inoculated with virus be affected by mere thoughts?
Can strong concentrated thoughts really heal?
Our thoughts are not just mere physical processes in our body. Human thoughts paved the way for
mankind to ascend the throne of ecosystem as a divine being. Thoughts not only determine a
person’s attitude and actions but also influence the physical world around him. Indeed thoughts which
inks the pen is mightier than the sword. It has the power to modulate the environment-air, water and
soil to help us, or hurt us if we seek to harm them. Harvesting controlled and devoted thoughts have
the potential to make dreams and miracles come true.
Till then THINK AND DO THINK… COZ THOUGHTS DO MATTER AND MASS.

Author(s) Details

Krishanko Das
Department of Internal Medicine, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/220