Development of Mathematical Model for Predicting the Efficiency of Oil-water Separation | Chapter 3 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 8

Petroleum is vital to many industries and in the manufacture of a wide variety of materials. It also accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy needs and thus it is a critical concern for many nations.

 

The study anchors on developing a mechanistic model for oil- water separation. Over the years, researchers have been working on how to improve the quality of produced water effluent, especially from oil and gas operations sent to the receiving waters. Despite the standard set for compliance by regulatory bodies like united nation agency, ministry, departments and other agencies both state and federal government including non-governmental agencies the problem of meeting stipulated benchmarks still persist. This study however looks into some variables perceived as being relative to improving or affecting produced water effluent from oil-water separator. Modelling of oil-water separation was based on the philosophy that a mathematical model can be established for the physical problems under investigation. These mathematical problems formulated were based on laws of conservation. The model under study, where the total mass and energy cannot be generated neither do they disappear, so that mass balance would give an ordinary differential equation. Solving the model equation analytically however, poses some problems. Hence they were solved by simulation using the computer software SIMULINK a graphical extension of MATLAB with positive outcomes since it can model non-linear systems. From the simulated analysis, increased flow rate creates turbulence in the system with resultant poor effluent quality. Whereas from the simulated analysis, gradual temperature increases improve oil- water separation from lower temperature of the fluid upstream thereby aiding improvement in effluent quality.

Author(s) Details:

Emmanuel Ewa Ekeng,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Jonah Chukwuemeka Agunwamba,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V8/article/view/14050

Analysis of Meridian Flow in Gas Turbines: Design and Performances| Chapter 3 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 6

 Performance addition is an ongoing challenge in any manufacturing. Increases in turbomachinery performance are repeatedly required in the field of energetic energy production. One form for achieving this aim is to design new machines from existing one. This work incorporates this step by handling the absorption cooler and scale determinant concepts.  The theoretical computation started afterwards analyzing the reception essays judgments of the initial machine approved validation, and the effects are utilized to determine the scale determinants expression for the new machines design. Using this idea, in addition to a combustion chill system, a performance study of the suggested apparatus is conducted (the absorption refrigerator). A numerical calculation of the scale determinant and performances was still performed.

Author(s) Details:

Bendjaima Belkacem,
600 Logements, M'sila, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V6/article/view/8949

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Agitation and Flow Rate in Three-stage Continuous Stirrer Tank Reactors Connected in Series for Ethyl Acetate Saponification Reaction | Chapter 11 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 8

 For the ethyl acetate hydrolysis reaction, a three-stage continuous stirrer tank reactor was investigated. Sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate were used to test the reaction. For the saponification reaction, the flow rate (40ml/min, 70ml/min, and 100ml/min), agitation rate (minimum, medium, and maximum), and temperature of non-isothermal conditions were all examined. The results of nine tests were analysed, with the initial ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide concentrations remaining constant throughout. The information was gathered using NaOH (4%) and CH3COONA (6%) solutions. For 40 ml/min flowrate and minimum agitation rate individually, the minimum conductivity values, maximum temperatures, and conversion values of the reaction were 45.2 percent, 66.34 percent at a temperature of 24.9°C for R1, 41.1 percent, 69.53 percent at a temperature of 24.5 for R2, and 40.7 percent, 69.76 percent at a temperature of 24oC for R3. At a temperature of 27.1°C of R1, 30.5 percent and 77.53 percent at a temperature of 27.5°C of R2, and 27.8 percent and 79.59 percent at a temperature of 26.8°C of R3, the minimum conductivity and maximum conversion values were 38.3 percent and 71.59 percent, respectively, based on the medium agitation rate and medium flow rate (70 ml/min). The conversion value increased gradually when the conductivity of the three-stage CSTRs connected in series declined. The findings of this study could help with large-scale product optimization and anticipate the benefits of multiple-stage reactors connected in series, which are particularly well suited to the saponification of ethyl acetate.

Author(S) Details

Emiru Yidnekachew Melesse
Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Solomon Werkneh
Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Mulugeta Kebede Gebremeariam
Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Zelalem Belay Asrat
Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Dagne Abatie Gesese
Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Alemu Abdi
Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V8/article/view/5635

A Brief Study on Sizing of Gas and Oil/Hydrocarbon Liquid Pipelines | Chapter 07 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 5

 An efficient method for determining the size of a gas pipeline and an oil/hydrocarbon liquid pipeline is described in this chapter. The procedure is fairly straightforward and does not require any complex computations. A basic flow formula is used to calculate the diameter, length, flow rate, and inlet and outlet pressures in the suggested approach. In general, the technique yields more accurate pipe size predictions. The goal of this work is to offer mathematical connections that can be used to calculate the size of gas and hydrocarbon liquid pipes.

Author(S) Details

Mavis Sika Okyere
Ghana National Gas Company Ltd., Ghana.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V5/article/view/5323