Evaluation of Mediastinal Masses through Computed Tomography (CT)| Chapter 4 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 10

 

Mediastinal masses are indicative of a broad range of disease states, some of which may be entirely asymptomatic or exhibit symptoms and indicators of intrathoracic pathology. A chest X-ray can identify a mediastinal mass, but a CT scan is required to characterize the mass in further detail.

 

Patients from our hospital who were suspected to have a mediastinal mass either on clinical examination or on the basis of an abnormal chest radiograph were included in the study. The patients were subjected to a thorough history and clinical examination. The advantages of CT such as better spatial resolutions, shorter imaging time, less expensive and its availability made CT a better imaging technique. Co-existing lung abnormalities and calcifications within the lesions are better appreciated on CT. CT examination of the patient was done using a Philips Ingenuity 128-slice CT scanner. Our study included a total of 50 cases, 31 males and 19 females. The anterior mediastinum is the most commonly involved compartment (n=27, 42.2%), followed by the middle (n=23, 35.9%) and posterior mediastinum (n=14, 21.8%). Thymic masses (n=7, 46.6%), Aneurysms (n=6, 54.5%) and Nerve sheath tumors (n=4, 33.3%) are the most common masses to have isolated compartmental involvement of anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum respectively. The majority of the mediastinal masses are well defined (n=36, 72%), with soft tissue (n=34, 68%) attenuation on plain CT, showing heterogeneous enhancement (n=22, 44%) on the administration of intravenous contrast. Computed tomography is an important modality in the evaluation of mediastinal masses for their exact localization, analyzing their morphology and arriving at a provisional diagnosis for optimal patient management. Most of the mediastinal masses are well defined, with soft tissue attenuation on the plain study, showing heterogenous enhancement in contrast study. Thus, CT with an overall accuracy of 94% is an important imaging modality in the evaluation of a mediastinal mass.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Aniket M. Zope

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Symbiosis Medical College for Women & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune - 412115, Maharashtra, India.

Snehil Kumar

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Symbiosis Medical College for Women & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune - 412115, Maharashtra, India.

Uday M. Zende

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Symbiosis Medical College for Women & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune - 412115, Maharashtra, India.

Amol A. Gautam

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Symbiosis Medical College for Women & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune - 412115, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v10/1235

Mediastinal Metastasis 10 Years after Primary Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Study and Critical Review | Chapter 3 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 7

Late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), arbitrarily defined as >10 years post-nephrectomy, is rare. The incidence of late recurrence of metastatic RCC is 11% in patients surviving for 10 years after the initial diagnosis. Here, we reviewed 43 reports comprising 467 cases. Metastasis occurs between a few months and 45 years. We report a new case with a 10-year interval to metastasis. The patient is a seventy-four-year-old female from Iraq. She had a cholecystectomy and then a right radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in 2006. RCC is the most common renal malignancy (approximately 90% of cases) with high metastatic potential. We offered adjuvant treatment because of the patient’s poor general condition and treatment was well tolerated. Moreover, RCC patients require long-term follow-up, to assist in early detection of metastasis and early treatment.

Author(s) Details:

Mustafa Rifat,
James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK.

Usama Nihad Rifat,
Israa Hospital, Amman, Jordan.

Khalid Al-Safi,
Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan.

Hassan Z. Annab,
Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V7/article/view/13419

Determination of Pulmonary Embolism in Lungs using Computer Assisted System |Chapter 2 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 A pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot in the lungs produces an unexpected occlusion of a blood artery in the lungs. PE is a life-threatening illness that should be caught as soon as possible. This research provides a novel approach for detecting PE in contrast-enhanced CT images. Computed tomography is the most used method for gathering images in order to diagnose PE (CT). It's a quick test that yields high-resolution photographs with more contrast and multi-sliced images. Candidate identification, feature calculation, and classification are all part of the system. The major aims of candidate detection are to include PE even with total occlusions and to reduce erroneous tissue and parenchymal illness diagnosis. When defining characteristics, the location and structure of the pulmonary vascular tree, as well as the severity, form, and size of an embolus, are all taken into account. The ability of the CAD tool to detect emboli in the pulmonary Arterial Tree (PAT) sectional and sub sectional was studied.

Author(s) Details:

M. Sucharitha,
Department of ECE, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad-500100, India.

M. Mohammed Mohaideen,
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad-500100, India.

P. H. V. Sesha Talpa Sai,
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Dean- R & D, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad-500100, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V7/article/view/7074

A Case Report of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum after Vaginal Delivery: Hamman’s Syndrome | Chapter 13 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Contraception is a basic human right since it has an impact on society's lifestyle, health, and well-being, as well as the environment. Despite substantial advancements in contraception alternatives for women, the only contraceptive techniques accessible for males are vasectomy and condoms. However, many men currently prefer to share equal responsibility for family planning with their partners. Over the last few decades, numerous trials have been conducted in the hopes of developing a safe, effective, and reversible male contraceptive. For the development of male contraceptives, many hormonal and non-hormonal techniques have been used. The hormonal method focuses on suppressing gonadotropins and, as a result, spermatogenesis. Most males were successfully contracepted using this method, but not all. Various efforts are also being made to reduce side effects and improve till full efficacy is achieved. Non-hormonal treatment can target sperm production, maturation, and function. Non-hormonal drugs have been identified and examined in animal models; however, this method is still in the early stages of development. This study attempts to provide a detailed overview of existing and prospective male contraceptive approaches. Men's circumstances may alter as a result of these efforts, and in the not-too-distant future, men will be able to select the optimal contraceptive for their needs.

Author (S) Details

Marco Gentile

Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Surgical Department, ULSS 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy.

Mariaconcetta Zinna

Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Surgical Department, ULSS 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy.

Antonio Costanza

Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Surgical Department, ULSS 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy.

Andrea Remo

Pathology Unit, Service Department, ULSS9 “Scaligera”, Verona, Italy.

Giuseppe Sala

Radiology Unit, Service Department, ULSS9 “Scaligera”, Verona, Italy.

Pietro Catapano

Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Surgical Department, ULSS 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V5/article/view/4208