Contraception is a basic human right since it has an impact on society's lifestyle, health, and well-being, as well as the environment. Despite substantial advancements in contraception alternatives for women, the only contraceptive techniques accessible for males are vasectomy and condoms. However, many men currently prefer to share equal responsibility for family planning with their partners. Over the last few decades, numerous trials have been conducted in the hopes of developing a safe, effective, and reversible male contraceptive. For the development of male contraceptives, many hormonal and non-hormonal techniques have been used. The hormonal method focuses on suppressing gonadotropins and, as a result, spermatogenesis. Most males were successfully contracepted using this method, but not all. Various efforts are also being made to reduce side effects and improve till full efficacy is achieved. Non-hormonal treatment can target sperm production, maturation, and function. Non-hormonal drugs have been identified and examined in animal models; however, this method is still in the early stages of development. This study attempts to provide a detailed overview of existing and prospective male contraceptive approaches. Men's circumstances may alter as a result of these efforts, and in the not-too-distant future, men will be able to select the optimal contraceptive for their needs.
Author (S) Details
Marco Gentile
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Surgical Department, ULSS 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy.
Mariaconcetta Zinna
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Surgical Department, ULSS 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy.
Antonio Costanza
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Surgical Department, ULSS 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy.
Andrea Remo
Pathology Unit, Service Department, ULSS9 “Scaligera”, Verona, Italy.
Giuseppe Sala
Radiology Unit, Service Department, ULSS9 “Scaligera”, Verona, Italy.
Pietro Catapano
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Surgical Department, ULSS 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy.
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