Investigating the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Saponin-Rich Extracts from Selected Medicinal Plants | Chapter 4 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 10

This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the crude saponins extracts of the various parts of the above-mentioned medicinal plants. Saponins have been found to possess several pharmaceutical activities such as haemolytic, molluscicidal, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antitumor and antiviral. Five medicinal plants used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, gout and haemorrhoids were screened for anti-inflammatory activity using their saponin-rich extracts. These plants were the whole plant materials of Schwenkia americana Linn (WSA), the rhizomes of Asparagus africanus Lam (RAA), the leaves of Dichrostachys cinerea Linn (LDC), the stem bark of Ficus iteophylla Miq (BFI) and the leaves of Indigofera pulchra Willd (LIP). A modified traditional method of saponin-rich extraction was used to give the following percentage yields: WSA-2.74%, RAA-3.59%, LDC-1.62%, BFI-0.81% and LIP-1.57%. Thin-layer chromatography was used to identify the type of saponins present in the extracts. The acute toxicity study of the crude saponin extracts in mice gave the following intraperitoneal LD50 results: WSA-471.2 mg/kg, RAA- 1264.9 mg/kg, LDC-1264.9 mg/kg, BFI-118.3 mg/kg and LIP-1264.9 mg/kg respectively. It has been suggested that the numerous biological activities of saponins were linked to their amphiphilic nature which helps in the accomplishment of these biological activities through their ability to intercalate into the plasma membrane resulting in changes in membrane fluidity that in turn affect membrane function thus eliciting a cellular response. The anti-inflammatory study of the saponin-rich extracts using carrageenan-induced rat paw-oedema showed statistically significant (P<0.05) decreases in the rat paw-oedema as compared to the control. The percentage inhibitions of the extracts on the rat paw-oedema after four hours were as follows: WSA-61%, RAA-55%, LDC-72%, BFI-66% and LIP-40% respectively. These values were found to be comparable to that of ketoprofen 63%. The study showed that the anti-inflammatory properties attributable to these plants may be due to their saponin contents. We suggest the need to further subject these saponin-rich extracts to more studies such as isolation and structural elucidation of the specific saponin responsible for this activity.

 

Author(s) Details

Hassan H. S.
Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

 

Sule M. I
Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

 

Musa A. M.
Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

 

Musa K. Y.
Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

 

Abubakar M. S.
Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

 

Hassan A. S.
Department of Biological Science, Federal University, Dutse, Nigeria.

 

               

Please see the book here:-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v10/1684

Steroidal Saponins Isolated and Purified from Leaves Extract of Asparagus racemosus (Family – Asparagaceae) and its UV, IR, NMR and Mass Spectrum Analysis | Chapter 8 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

Asparagus racemosus is an important medicinal plant Its medicinal usages has been reported in Indian and British pharmacopoeias. Herbs made by the Asparagus racemosus are highly effective in problems which related with female reproductive system and other diseases. The Fresh plant leaves were collected from Govt. Science & Commerce College, Benazir, Bhopal (M.P.) in July-September 2012. Qualitative preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed on the crude extract for the presence of bioactive compounds. The pure compound isolated to the Column chromatography and purified this compound by Thin Layer Chromatography with suitable solvent systems and visualizing reagents.

Structure elucidation of pure compound has been accomplished through the extensive use of UV-Visible, IR, 1HNMR and Mass spectroscopy. Isolated compound was gave a positive test Liebermann-Burchard test for steroidal saponin and the compound obtained as dark brownish amorphous powder as a single spot with 0.37 Rf value. Phytochemistry and spectral analysis showed the presence of steroidal saponin in Asparagus racemosus leaves extract. It is strongly believed that the phytochemical and various biological properties of the extracts might provide detailed evidence for the use of this plant in different medicines.

Author(s) Details:

Namrata S. Rajawat,
Department of Applied Chemistry, SATI, Vidisha (M.P), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V6/article/view/13466

Chemistry of Naturally Occurring Saponins | Chapter 8 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Chemical Science Vol. 1

 The current review paper goes intensely into the chemistry of saponin, specifically triterpenoid saponin.  Saponin is a instinctively occurring bioorganic fragment with a high microscopic weight that is to say isolated from medicinal plants. It has an aglycone core with 27 to 30 element atoms and one or two sugar moieties accompanying at least 6 or 12 element atoms each. Saponins were considered as a starting forerunner for the semi-combining of steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Many physicists and researchers concede possibility regard saponin chemistry's complexities as a break in their understanding of the relationship betwixt the chemical structure and allure medicinal or healing function. The need for saponin applications has lately extended due to a difference of biological, medicinal, and pharmacological benefits. The affairs covered were classifications, synthetic structure, potential classical methods of isolation, subjective and quantitative saponin testing. Examples of hederagenin and oleanolic acid accompanying mono- and bidesmosidic structures are again provided. Triterpenoid, steroid, and alkaloid glycoside structural qualities were established established their atoms, rings, and functional groups.

Author(s) Details:

Maher Mohamed Abed El Aziz,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEICS-V1/article/view/11162

Uncover Ginseng | Book Publisher International

 Ginseng is an adaptogen that is found in seventeen different species and belongs to the Araliaceae family. Ginseng's active ingredients are known as ginsenosides. The human body benefits from ginsenosides in a variety of ways. Immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-aging are some of the dynamic and multifunctional capabilities of ginsenosides. The mechanisms of ginsenosides' positive effects in the human body are discussed in this book in a straightforward and accurate manner.

Author(s) Detalis

Kartikeya Tiwari
Department of Microbiology, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/UG/article/view/1889