Insight on Prevalent Viral Infectious Diseases and Their Orofacial Presentation | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 

In the past 2 years, we have seen the severe effects of viral diseases such as Covid-19, especially causing death. HIV AIDS, dengue, chikungunya, monkeypox, herpes, and blood-borne viral diseases have also come in recent news. There are many diseases that affect individuals. Of these most contagious and most easily communicable are viral infections. They start with cold, cough, sneezing, and influenza conditions. If proper precautions are not taken they are spread from person to person. These viral diseases have dental/oral lesions. If dentists are aware of these, they can definitely early diagnose and treat them. In this study, the oral presentation in prevalent viral diseases like HIV AIDS, herpes, covid, chikungunya, and dengue fever was discussed. It is essential that viral diseases and their oral lesions are examined so that necessary steps can be taken. Dental caries, periodontitis, Perimplantitis, and apical periodontitis are the most common dental diseases which are seen in patients. In the last 2 years, some viral infections have come up that need correct treatment planning for great success.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Isha Rastogi (Associate Professor) 
Department of Dental, Dr. KNS Mims, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V6/article/view/14283

Life Style Diseases and Its Cure through Yoga Practices | Chapter 3 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 8

 The concept of yoga practicing in our daily life is a holistic approach towards health as well as an alternative form of medicine. Advances in medical sciences and better living conditions have increased the life expectancy. Biological ageing is correlated with increased morbidity, mortality and poor health states. This together with changing lifestyles and urbanization has brought a radical shift in the types of health problem being faced by populations in the developing world giving rise to an epidemic of chronic diseases. Life style means a pattern of individual practices and personal behavioral choices that are related to elevated or reduced health risk. Lifestyle diseases or diseases of civilization are diseases that appear to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer. They can include Heart disease, Diabetes, Stroke, Alzheimer's, Cirrhosis, Asthma, Hypertension etc. These are caused to a large extent by dietary changes in relation to socio- economic and living environmental conditions. The stress of modern living is causing an enormous burden on health care globally. Poor eating habits sleep deprivation and secondary lifestyles have contributed to the growth of lifestyle diseases.
 
This diseases also sometimes called as western diseases or diseases of affluence, non communicable diseases (NCD) or regenerative diseases.
 
Hypertension is associated with the incidence of some diet-related non-communicable diseases such as stroke and coronary heart diseases. Lifestyle diseases are different from other diseases because they are potentially preventable, and can be lowered with changes in diet, lifestyle, and environment and by supplements with vitamin D.
 
The study was conducted among 60 participants who came for practicing yoga and having regular attendances. According to WHO, the world’s deaths from lifestyle diseases will double by 2015 unless all-out effort is taken to combat them. As per WHO) latest /recent) report 41 million people killed every year due to noncommunicable diseases (NCD’s) which is roughly 74% of all deaths globally.  Main causes /reasons for these lifestyle diseases are Habits, Unhealthy lifestyles/Behaviors and Practices. In another way we can say smoking, drinking, drugs, exposure to pollution in home or in work place, shortage of physical activities, poor or unhealthy eating habits, lack of taking nutritive value foods, shortage in taking water, high stress level, less sleep etc.
 
Yoga is the re-union of mind and body to God. Depending upon the way in which it is practiced it can be divided into several types like ”Khada yoga”, ”Dhyana yoga”, “Raja yoga”, ”Sidha yoga ” etc. Normally Indians practice Khada yoga (hatha yoga). It is nothing but bending and stretching of the bodies. This is the only exercise which starts and ends with a prayer to God. Yoga practice imparts positive energy to us. It will give a energy throughout life. The study concluded that yoga practice is effective for reduce hyper tension. Most of the life style disease can be controlled by practicing yoga.

Author(s) Details:

Sreekumar D. Menon,
RTTC, BSNL, Trivandrum, India.

Manoj K. A.,
Taluk Hospital, Pamapdy, Kottaym, Kerala, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V8/article/view/13516

Establishment of Community-Level Epidemiological Surveillance Systems to Reduce Disease Incidence in Rural Communities of Sierra Leone | Chapter 9 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

Using the native intelligence of rural people to establish a surveillance system reduces morbidity, mortality, poverty, and zoonotic and neglected disease outbreaks among humans and animals. With the high level of animal-human interaction, there was a strong justification for establishing Surveillance sentinels for monitoring zoonotic diseases. People in rural communities constantly interact with domestic and wildlife, placing them at high risk of disease exposure. The study’s main objective was to explore livestock and wildlife disease interface and transmission chains within the human population in the selected communities and establish community-level epidemiological surveillance systems to reduce disease incidence. Health personnel are unevenly distributed, with the majority in the capital cities, making rural communities lack professional health personnel and health care service providers. Poverty limited rural people’s access to healthcare facilities. Emerging disease outbreaks resulting from complicated environmental changes pose a fundamental challenge in low-income countries, impacting the foundation of human and animal health. People find it difficult to reach medical centers due to insufficient funds. The study recorded stories from the people who have been directly affected by the Ebola virus, a zoonotic disease whose spread could have been quickly curbed had surveillance and AHC been fully functional in Sierra Leone. In Sierra Leone, more than half of the population lives in rural communities (58%), with a multidimensional poverty index of 64.8%. The Animal Health Club engaged thirty (30) villages in a focus group discussion and in-depth interview. Animal Health Club used information obtained to develop a semi-structured questionnaire (600) and observed the people during the talks. Community people identify nine sources of diseases, including humans, poultry, wildlife, pets, ruminants’ crops, water, toilets, and garbage dumps. The people elected/selected an executive to organize and nominate people to supervise the nine sources of diseases. Large villages were divided into zones, while smaller villages remained the same. The people identified ten domestic animals and twenty-four wildlife animals in their communities and some diseases associated with them. They also revealed a high level of interaction between domestic, wildlife, and humans in towns and bush in their respective communities. Rural people believed animals transfer diseases to humans in various ways. However, people contract diseases more from human-human interaction than human-animal interaction. The study’s main objective was to explore livestock and wildlife disease interface and transmission chains within the human population in the selected communities and establish community-level epidemiological surveillance systems to reduce disease incidence.  Animal Health Club brings people together in a town or village to achieve a common goal and objective. Such unity increases peace and security in the community and improves health, livelihood, food, and human safety in a cheap, long-lasting, and self-sustainable manner.

Author(s) Details:

Suluku R.,
Department of Animal Science, Njala University, Sierra Leone.

Macavoray A.,
Department of Animal Science, Njala University, Sierra Leone.

Kallon M. N.,
Department of Animal Science, Njala University, Sierra Leone.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V2/article/view/13509

Impact of Climate Change Dynamics on Sustainable Horticultural Practice in India | Chapter 12 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 2

 Climate change, compelled by the rise in global hotnesses due to increased hothouse gas emissions, is a important threat to both leading and emerging economies. India, wrestling with a burgeoning people and escalating greenhouse smoke emissions, has experienced notable shifts in critical patterns. In 2018, India emitted 2,299 million tonnes of colorless odorless gas, underlining a pressing concern. Horticulture, including various crops like vegetables, crops, and medicinal plants, plays a vital act in sustainable development by contribution nutritional security, utilization, and economic prosperity. However, changeful climatic conditions pose a danger, leading to diseases and lowered crop yields, disrupting sustainable incident goals. To combat climate change's antagonistic effects and ensure tenable development, climate-bouncy pathways are crucial. These pathways involve adjusting strategies that mitigate temperature change impacts while fostering effective organizations and strategies for risk management. They aim to lower vulnerabilities, enhance managing mechanisms, and continuously accustom to evolving circumstances inside complex socio-ecological systems. The business-related impact of climate change on horticulture is expected to affect productivity, prices, demand, supply, and business. Timely adaptive and mitigative conduct are imperative at both the farm level and with policymakers. Small and marginal farmers bear be empowered to cope with feeling adversities. Ultimately, adaptation and alleviation strategies are paramount in embellishing climate resilience, lowering vulnerability, and promoting tenable development in the face of surroundings change.

Author(s) Details:

Harish Kumar H. R.,
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru-560065, India.

Pavan, V.,
Institute of Agribusiness Management, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru-560065, India.

Madhu D. M.,
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-560065. India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V2/article/view/12316

Gold Nanoparticles as Theranostic Delivery System in Combating Various Diseases | Chapter 8 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

 This phase is mainly focused on golden nanoparticles (AuNPs), along with their mechanism of conduct, bio-distribution, pharmacokinetics, toxicities, host-invulnerable response, and their potential bio-healing applications against a lot of ailments. Due to the increase in diseases brought on by contamination and infectious microorganisms, it is needed to devise a theranostic delivery order based on targeted nanotechnology to treat particular aches. Conventional anti-microbial, anti-malignant, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-endocarditic healings have been used to treat a variety of ailments, but these therapies have been connected to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR), important toxic side effects, lacking therapeutic indices, and restricted drug bioavailability. In this concern, site-specific theranostic childbirth may be an important field of research to enhance drug-efficacy and decrease adverse side effects to host containers, while anti-microbial, anti-malignant, anti-atherosclerotic and antagonistic-endocarditic nanosized gold materials have arose as potent diagnostic and healing delivery system against miscellaneous diseases due to their singular size, shape and surface -dependent physico-synthetic, optical, photo-warm, photodynamic, radio-sensitizing and surface plasmon resonance features, ease of surface modification and high surface-to-capacity ratio -associated alive functional groups, bio-rapport, facile synthesis, and fixed nature. AuNPs, as nanotheranostics, may be used for a synergy of diagnostics and cure, owing to their ocular and surface plasmon resonance characteristics, ease of combination, controllable size and shape, colloidal support and tunable surface chemistry for achieving combination with biological moieties, followed by cargos-delivery, photo-depict and photo-thermal cure. The chapter also survey on the development of non-toxic and non-immunogenic AuNPs-covered cargos and ligands such as chitosan, polyethylene glycol (PEG) / polyethylene imine (PEI) with / outside sugars, peptides, proteins, antibodies and genes as theranostic delivery carrier in addition to system for targeting narrow molecules and theranostics to diseased sites through their ease of infiltration, accumulation and release.

Author(s) Details:

Ardhendu Kumar Mandal,
Central Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V6/article/view/11203

Study about Novel Bioacaricide for Controlling Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in Tanzania | Chapter 13 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 Ticks and tick-borne disease kill livestock by causing severe skin damage, which is a byproduct of the manufacturing industry. In Tanzania, conventional acaricidal tick control is both environmentally and economically costly. Spraying 0.2 mL/tick of 1x106,1x107, 1x108 conidia/mL of Aspergillus oryzae and control (water and 0.5 percent triton x-100) in 35.5oC and 85 percent RH against three species of ticks (Acari: Ioxididae); Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Hyalomma anatolicum, and Amblyomma gemma) The results showed that at 1x108 conidial/mL, A. oryzae caused high mortality rates in H. anatolicum, R. appendiculatus, and A. gemma, averaging 88.2 percent, 72.5 percent, and 67.9 percent within 6.250.75, 7.550.59 days, and 11.90.65 days, respectively, whereas in control, the highest mortality rate reached 12.5 percent, 11.0 percent, and 6.5 percent after 22.50 It was also discovered that 1x108 conidial/mL of A. oryzae lowered oviposition rate in A. gemma, resulting in 94.810.74 eggs/female compared to 354.1542.65 eggs/female in control. H. anatolicum treated with A. oryzae at 1.0x108 conidia/mL deposited eggs average 166.207.5 eggs/female, compared to a control that laid eggs averaging 416.2521.71/female in cold. This study found that A. oryzae is good in controlling ticks and could be used to safeguard animals and humans in pastoral and protected regions.

Author(S) Details

Never Zekeya
College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka P.O. Box 3031, Moshi,Tanzania.

Houssein Kimaro
College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka P.O. Box 3031, Moshi,Tanzania.

Khalfan Kiondo
College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka P.O. Box 3031, Moshi,Tanzania.

Humphrey Ndossi
Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization (TIRDO), Kimweri Avenue Complex, Msasani, P. O. Box 23235 Dar es salaam, Tanzania.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V1/article/view/5051

Study about Novel Bioacaricide for Controlling Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in Tanzania | Chapter 13 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Ticks and tick-borne disease kill livestock by causing severe skin damage, which is a byproduct of the manufacturing industry. In Tanzania, conventional acaricidal tick control is both environmentally and economically costly. Spraying 0.2 mL/tick of 1x106,1x107, 1x108 conidia/mL of Aspergillus oryzae and control (water and 0.5 percent triton x-100) in 35.5oC and 85 percent RH against three species of ticks (Acari: Ioxididae); Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Hyalomma anatolicum, and Amblyomma gemma) The results showed that at 1x108 conidial/mL, A. oryzae caused high mortality rates in H. anatolicum, R. appendiculatus, and A. gemma, averaging 88.2 percent, 72.5 percent, and 67.9 percent within 6.250.75, 7.550.59 days, and 11.90.65 days, respectively, whereas in control, the highest mortality rate reached 12.5 percent, 11.0 percent, and 6.5 percent after 22.50 It was also discovered that 1x108 conidial/mL of A. oryzae lowered oviposition rate in A. gemma, resulting in 94.810.74 eggs/female compared to 354.1542.65 eggs/female in control. H. anatolicum treated with A. oryzae at 1.0x108 conidia/mL deposited eggs average 166.207.5 eggs/female, compared to a control that laid eggs averaging 416.2521.71/female in cold. This study found that A. oryzae is good in controlling ticks and could be used to safeguard animals and humans in pastoral and protected regions.

Author(S) Details

Never Zekeya
College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka P.O. Box 3031, Moshi,Tanzania.

Houssein Kimaro
College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka P.O. Box 3031, Moshi,Tanzania.

Khalfan Kiondo
College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka P.O. Box 3031, Moshi,Tanzania.

Humphrey Ndossi
Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization (TIRDO), Kimweri Avenue Complex, Msasani, P. O. Box 23235 Dar es salaam, Tanzania.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V1/article/view/5051

Study on the Prevalence and Temporal Shifts of Various Diseases in a Closed Community: A Clinical Study from a Public Sector University | Chapter 14 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 In the subject of public health, epidemiological research is an important issue. Despite the fact that a substantial number of such studies are accessible from teaching and non-teaching medical facilities (basic health units, rural health centres, and hospitals established at the district level by local government), no such data was available from any public or private university. As a result, the current research sought to uncover health issues among female students at a public university, as well as the temporal variations in the prevalence of these disorders over the course of a year. This will aid in the selection of drugs to be available in pharmacies, fiscal budget allocation, and the development of an appropriate health policy guideline. The data for almost 4000 female students between the ages of 20 and 25 who visited the university's Medical Center in 2010 was collected for this study. On a similar pattern, the statistics were gathered for the year 2019. The most patients were seen during the first quarter of both years, according to the annals. Females had the greatest upper respiratory tract infections, followed by allergic rhinitis/spasm, especially in the winter (December, January, and February) and early spring (March, April, and May) (March). The prevalence of various illnesses, as well as temporal fluctuations, were shown to be statistically significant (P 0.001). During the year 2019, there was a significant increase in the frequency of URTIs, allergies, acid peptic disease, and GIT infections, as well as a significant increase in the prevalence of anaemia. There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of these illnesses (p.001).

 

Overcrowding and poor personal cleanliness were clearly linked to the occurrence of most diseases, including scabies, according to the study. It was also established that some illnesses, such as acid peptic disease, were linked to mental stress, while others (anaemia and gastrointestinal diseases) were caused by nutritional imbalances, inadequate hygiene, and a bad diet. The findings suggest that the community's living conditions be improved, and that mass awareness of personal health and hygiene be established by involving specialists in lectures and seminars. The centre should also be well-equipped with sufficient diagnostic facilities to ensure efficient functioning. Furthermore, enhancing the institution's health care standards will require an overall rise in health expenditure.

Author (S) Details

Samina Rafique

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.

Waseem Sarwar

Department of General Surgery, Unit 2, Nishtar Medical College and Hospital, Multan, Pakistan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V3/article/view/4161

An Overview of Pests and Diseases of Large Cardamom in India under Organic Cultivation and Their Management Practices | Chapter 16 | New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science Vol. 3

 There are as many as 23 large-cardamom-associated insect pests found (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). The leaf caterpillar (Artona chorista Jordon), stem borer (Glyphipterix spp.) Shootfly, (Merochlorops dimorphus Cherian) and White grub (Holotrichia sp.) are considered important pests among the insect pests that target large cardamom. The transmission of viral diseases viz., chirke and foorkey is the duty of aphids. The widespread incidence of fungal and viral diseases that cause significant damage and consequent failure in devastating proportions is a major threat to the crop. It explains the pests and diseases affecting large cardamom and their management practises.

Author(s) Details

Dr. A. K. Vijayan
Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Spices Board India (Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India), Myladumpara, Idukki, 685 553, Kerala, India.

Shadanaika

Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Spices Board India (Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India), Myladumpara, Idukki, 685 553, Kerala, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/293

Cautery Shapes, Types and Methods: A Critical Appraisal of the Relevant Literature | Chapter 14 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 

The goal of this review was to objectively identify and synthesise the literature on cautery therapy modes, styles and methods. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and OvidSP) were electronically searched using Boolean operators and keywords, and some related articles and articles were used.  Two independent reviewers obtained abstracts (N=10256) for comprehensive evaluation. Finally , this paper contained 90 of the most important papers. In the literature, cautery is defined as having multiple forms, styles, application marks, precautions and methods and efficacy supported by single case reports and case series with level 4 & 5 proof. In particular diseases, conventional cautery with a specific shape and form is used along with a precise technique, but the underlying mechanism of behaviour and effects is not well elucidated. When used carefully by an expert qualified complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners and skilled health professionals, cautery is a safe therapy Around the globe, experts. Traditional cautery is often recommended as the last resort in the management of difficult-to-treat medical-surgical conditions, unlike modern cautery, but this rule is not followed by health seekers with low education, rural history, parental control and low education. Strong religious values. This study calls for continuous cautery training programmes targeted at CAM practitioners and for systematic fundamental studies and randomised clinical trials to elucidate the underlying mechanism of cautery therapy acts and results and efficacy in  Around the globe, various suggested diseases.


Author (s) Details

Naseem Akhtar Qureshi,
National Center for Mental Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Salem Aldossari
King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Mohammed Ibrahim Alnami
King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Sara Osama Salem
King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Adnan Ahmed Makkawi
National Center for Mental Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/272