The Italian anatomist Eustachio characterised the adrenal gland in 1564, but its physiologic function was unknown for three centuries. Nobody knew what Addison's disease was until 1855, when it was first reported. In 1894, Oliver and Schäfer discovered that adrenal extracts can raise blood pressure. As a result, in the late 1890s, a group of highly driven scientists set out to isolate the active principle for medicinal use, but they all failed. For example, Abel's epinephrine preparation was an inactive benzoylated derivative. Takamine, a Japanese industrial chemist, and his young associate Uenaka, who had settled in New York on August 5, 1900, succeeded in crystallising the adrenal extract using a method that was not before used. In the vacuum pan, the active principle was separated, crystallised with ammonia, and validated by the Vulpian reaction. According to ‘Uenaka's Experimental Memorandum,' the unique crystal was given the name ‘adrenalin' (no “e”) on November 7, 1900. Simultaneously, Takamine submitted for a US patent, which was granted on June 2, 1903, and Parke, Davis & Company trademarked the name "Adrenalin" for use in the global market. Adrenaline has saved many lives as a hemostatic during surgery and in the treatment of heart failure. Using the name "adrenaline" has historical, etymological, and practical grounds.
Author(s) DetailsTetsumori Yamashima
Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V10/article/view/1128
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