Determination of Formulation and Evaluation of Floating In situ Gel of Ciprofloxacin| Chapter 7 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

The goal of the study was to create Ciprofloxacin floating in situ gel formulations with a small absorption window that are absorbed largely in the GIT's proximal portions. These formulations can be used to treat Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections and urinary tract infections by prolonging the focused effect on bacteria.

Methods: Different amounts of sodium alginate, a biodegradable polymer that creates in situ gels, and calcium carbonate, a cross-linking agent, were used to develop in situ gel formulations. The formulations were tested for physical appearance, pH, in vitro drug release, viscosity, in vitro floating behaviour, in vitro gelling capability, and drug content. FTIR analysis was performed on ciprofloxacin, excipients, and formulation optimization.

Results: All of the formulations had the ideal viscosity, making them easy to administer and swallow. With a floating lag time of 32-70 seconds, all formulations floated for more than 12 hours. As the polymer and gelling agent concentrations were raised, the in vitro gelling capability rose. As the polymer concentration grew, the rate and amount of drug release decreased. Among all formulations tested, F4 with 4% w/v sodium alginate and 4% w/v calcium carbonate had the highest in vitro drug release (95.6%) during a 12-hour period. There was no interaction between the medication and the excipients utilised, according to FTIR measurements. The drug release from the formulations followed first-order kinetics with Fickian diffusion.

Conclusion: Using sodium alginate, ciprofloxacin was effectively produced as a pH-triggered floating in situ gelling system.

 

Author(s) Details:

Shailaja Pashikanti,
AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003. Andhra Pradesh, India.

B. Jyothsna,
Pullareddy Institute of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V2/article/view/6579

Determination of Possible Protective Effects of Lutein against Ciprofloxacin Induced Bone Marrow Toxicity in Rats | Chapter 6 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 1

 Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone of the second generation and one of the most successful and extensively used medications in the fluoroquinolone class. Uncommon ciprofloxacin side effects include bone marrow suppression, thrombocytopenia, anemia, agranulocytosis, renal failure, and others. Most research focused on lutein, a xanthophyll (an oxygenated carotenoid) that has considerable antioxidant activity in vitro and has also been linked to lowering the risk of age-related diseases. The goal of the study was to explain the function of apoptosis by measuring the Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) marker, as well as the processes of ciprofloxacin-induced bone marrow toxicity, and to see if lutein might protect rats' bone marrow from ciprofloxacin-induced toxicity. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups (each with six animals) at random: Rats in Group I (control) received a single oral daily dose of liquid paraffin (4ml/kg body weight/day) by oral gavage for 25 days; rats in Group II (ciprofloxacin-treated) received a single oral daily dose of liquid paraffin (4ml/kg body weight/day) for 25 days and then 500 mg/kg ciprofloxacin by oral gavage. Groups V and VI were given an oral dose of lutein (6 mg and 24 mg/kg/day), respectively, by oral gavage for 25 days (lutein-treated); and Groups V and VI were given an oral dose of lutein (6 mg and 24 mg/kg/day), respectively, by oral gavage for 25 days (lutein+ ciprofloxacin). When compared to control (Group I) rats, ciprofloxacin (Group II) induced significant (P0.05) reductions in total RBCs and -WBCs, as well as significant (P0.05) elevations in Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in bone marrow (BM) tissues homogenates. Orally administered lutein to rats (Groups and V) resulted in non-significant changes (P>0.05) in total -RBCs and -WBCs, as well as non-significant differences (P>0.05) in total -RBCs and -WBCs. Bax levels in BM tissues homogenates were non-significant (P>0.05) when compared to similar values in Group rats. Orally administered lutein with ciprofloxacin (Groups V and VI) caused a significant increase (P0.05) in total RBCs and WBCs, as well as a significant decrease (P0.05) in Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in bone marrow (BM) tissues homogenates, when compared to the corresponding levels in the ciprofloxacin-treated group of rats (Group II). The current study's findings suggested that lutein could be a beneficial chemical for reducing ciprofloxacin-induced bone marrow damage.

Author(s) Details

Alaa R. Khudhair
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.Nwamkwere Godson


Nada N. Al-Shawi
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.



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Role of Pyridine Containing Azetidinone Derivatives as Privileged Scaffolds in Anti Tubercular Agents | Chapter 9 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11

In the current study, we synthesised a novel series of 3-Chloro-1-phenyl-4-(pyridine-4yl-)azetidin-2-one derivatives using Schiff base as an intermediary in the quest for prospective Tuberculosis treatments. The resulting Schiff base is then eliminated, resulting in named Azetidinone derivatives. Nucleophilic addition followed by elimination is the mechanism involved in the production of Schiff base. The newly produced Schiff base is then cyclized to produce novel Azetedinone derivatives. The named compounds were physically examined and structurally investigated using spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H-NMR, MASS). The chemicals Azt-1 to Azt-6 were tested for anti-tubercular activity in vitro. The Micro plate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method was used to test anti-tubercular activity in vitro. Azt-1(H), Azt-2(Cl), Azt-5 (O-OH), and Azt-6 (P-OH) were the most active compounds in the series compared to standards. The presence of electron withdrawing group -Cl, (Azt-2) and electron donating substituents -OH at ortho and para positions in the phenyl ring of (Azt-5) and (Azt-6) respectively could explain the potent anti tubercular activity.

Author (S) Details

N. Pramod
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, A.G.M College of Pharmacy, Varur-581207, Hubli, Karnataka, India.

C. Bharath Kumar
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet-516126, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

P. Sri Lekha
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, SPMVV, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.

B. Mayuri
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet-516126, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Investigation on Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Sonneratia apetala Buch-Ham. Areal Parts | Chapter 14 |Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The purpose of this work was to investigate the phytochemical contents and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of Sonneratia apetala arial sections. The phytochemical contents of methanolic extracts of S. apetal included terpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannins, saponins, and polysaccharide. The antibacterial properties of plant extracts were evaluated using the well diffusion method. In varied degrees, the extract tested demonstrated antibacterial action against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. These findings suggest that the plant material possesses antibacterial capabilities. The anti-microbial activity of the methanolic extract of S. apetala at 10 mg/ml was shown to be dosage dependent and meaningful when compared to standard anti-microbial agents ciprofloxacin and clotrimazol at 10 g/disc.

Author (s) Details

Prof. (Dr.) Sangram Keshari Panda
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India.

Debasis Pati
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India and Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.

S. K. Mishra
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India and Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.

S. Sahu
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India and Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.


Mr. B. Tripathy
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India.

L. Nayak
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India and Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.

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