Gasification of Raw, Roasted and Carbonized Cashew Shells in a Fixed-Bed Co-current Gasifier | Chapter 2 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 4

 

The utilization of agricultural residues for power generation is an opportunity to reduce fossil fuel usage and foster a sustainable circular economy. The gasification of agricultural residues in some localities in Burkina Faso has made it possible to access electricity. However, the majority of gasifiers in operation in Burkina Faso are shut down, for technical reasons and because of the lack of mastery of the technology. The utilization of agricultural residues for power generation is an opportunity to reduce fossil fuel use and foster a promotion of renewable energy.  The present study focuses on the improvement of gas quality by gasification of raw and cashew shells, heat treatment by roasting and carbonization. The gasifier is a fixed-bed, co-current batch mode, with a throat. It has a thermal power of around 30 kW. It meets the need for low electrical power of the order of 10kWe. It has a double wall with a height of 153 cm and a diameter of 50 cm, and a double air injection. Improving the quality of the gas, consisting of reducing the balsam content contained in the raw shells. As well as the improvement of the physico-chemical characteristics of the shells. And this is done through the roasting and carbonization process. The tests carried out aim to evaluate the energy performance of the gasifier and analyse the gas composition resulting from the gasification of raw, roasted and carbonized cashew shells. Four Types K thermocouples, with a measuring range of -50°C to 400°C and class 2 accuracy in accordance. The parameters studied are the energy efficiency of the gasifier and the energy capacity of the gas. Four type K thermocouples, with a measuring range of −50˚C to +400˚C and class 2 accuracy in accordance with standard EN 60584-2, are connected to a data logger to monitor the temperature inside the reactor. The study showed that the energy yields of the gasifier by gasification of raw, roasted and carbonized hulls are respectively 47.5, 28.32 and 31.48%. The specific production rate of the gas is 28.3, 132.76 and 155.32 kg/m2.h respectively for raw, roasted and charred hulls. The gasification times of raw, roasted and charred bulls are 224.33 respectively 201 and 211 minutes. The composition of syngas shows that the gas produced from cashew shells is low in energy. Indeed, the LHV of gas from the raw, roasted and carbonized hulls are 3.1, respectively; 2.1 and 2.87 MJ/N.m3. The study of the gasification of raw and heat-treated hulls shows that the quality of the gas is improved, as is the energy performance of hull gasification. However, the Lower Heating Value of the gas from pre-treated hulls is not improved by torrefaction and carbonization of the hulls. The study concluded that gasifying cashew nut shells—especially those discarded by processing units—can be valuable for heat and electricity production.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Bénéwindé Edwige 2ème Jumelle Ouédraogo
Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

 

Gado Harouna Ibrahim
Faculté des Sciences et Technique, Université Dan Dankoulodo de Maradi, Maradi, Niger.

 

Wend-Kuni Gisele Bilgo
Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

 

Tizane Daho
Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

 

Oumar Sanogo
Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

 

Antoine Bere
Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v4/6493

CNN-Based Prediction of Oxygen Supply Needs in under-Actuated HVAC Zones | Chapter 6 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 11

 

Aims: This study aims to develop a predictive model for oxygen consumption in under-actuated HVAC zones by integrating occupant-centric parameters such as metabolic rate and activity behaviour with environmental and mechanical variables.

 

Study Design: This is an experimental and computational modelling study utilising a dataset of Variable Air Volume (VAV) damper measurements, fan energy estimation, and occupant metabolic rate calculations.

 

Place and Duration of Study: The dataset was collected and processed at Universitas Trilogi, Jakarta, Indonesia, during 2024–2025.

 

Methodology: A curated dataset comprising 11,696 multivariate records was used, including occupant activity counts, environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, air pressure), HVAC operational metrics (airflow, fan speed, brake horsepower, damper percentage), and physiological measures (metabolic rate, daily and minute-based kilocalorie expenditure). Oxygen consumption (L/min) was computed using metabolic energy equivalence. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was developed and benchmarked against a Multi-Layer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) and a standard Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Regressor. Model performance was assessed using RMSE, MAE, and R² metrics.

 

Results: Descriptive statistics indicated significant variability in metabolic rate and oxygen demand, ranging from near zero during sedentary activities to peaks above 0.9 L/min during high-intensity activities. The CNN model achieved the best performance (RMSE = 0.0074, MAE = 0.0038, R² = 0.9923), outperforming MLP-ANN (RMSE = 0.0314, MAE = 0.0151, R² = 0.8733) and other benchmarks. Learning curves demonstrated stable convergence without overfitting, while parity plots confirmed strong alignment between predicted and observed oxygen consumption.

 

Conclusion: The findings confirm that occupant behaviour, particularly metabolic rate, plays a critical role in predicting oxygen demand in under-actuated zones. CNN demonstrated superior predictive accuracy and generalisation by effectively capturing nonlinear and spatio-temporal dependencies. These results suggest that HVAC systems can be optimised through adaptive oxygen control strategies, enhancing both energy efficiency and indoor air quality.

 

Author(s) Details

Yaddarabullah
Department of Informatics, Universitas Trilogi, Indonesia.

 

Erneza Dewi Krishnasari
Department of Visual Communication Design, Universitas Trilogi, Indonesia.

 

Idea Alvira
Department of Tourism, Institute Seni Indonesia Padangpanjang, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v11/6530

A Systematic Investigation of Workflow Scheduling Techniques in the Cloud | Chapter 1 | Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 11

 

The primary participants in the cloud technology context are cloud users and service providers. This setting comprises data centers, servers, agents, and virtual machines. The supplier's resources are rented to the cloud customer for varying loads. Since cloud services are so ubiquitous, most scientists use them to run their workflow applications. Scientific applications are workflow challenges that are huge and complex and require higher processing power. The cloud satisfies the workflow requirements of massive availability and enhanced computational power. For the cloud computing system to operate well, scheduling is one of the most recent research topics. This study examines several task-scheduling methods currently in use that are based on various criteria. This work will help the investigators to gain a better understanding of task scheduling techniques. The result of the investigation is tabulated with their performance parameter metrics like response time, energy efficiency, fault tolerance, and efficient resource usage.

 

 

Author(s) Details

C. K. Sripavithra

Department of Computer Science, Christ (Deemed to be University), Central Campus, Bangalore, India and Department of Computer Science, Maharani’s Science College for Women (Autonomous), Mysore, India.

V. B. Kirubanand

Department of Computer Science, Christ (Deemed to be University), Central Campus, Bangalore, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v11/1629

Next-generation Wireless Sensor Networks: Innovations in Data Quality, Data Aggregation and MAC Protocols | Book Publisher International

 

Technological development and improvements have accelerated the Sensor node design in terms of low power consumption, and low cost and also exhibit multifunctional and untethered communication in short distances. The capabilities of the sensor nodes like sensing, data collecting and processing, transferring, etc have assisted and greatly transformed the design, advancement and deployment strategies of Wireless Sensor Networks, where all the nodes collectively collaborate for the target application. The sensor nodes with the help of the sensors attached to them monitor various parameters and transmit the acquired data via wireless medium to a distant node which is called a sink or base station. The main function of the sensor network is to gather sensor data from the area/region of event occurrence and transmit it to the sink node. The nodes in the sensor network work in a collective manner, thus making it different from the ad-hoc networks.

 

A node is able to sense an event within a specified range. The strength of the event signal is also deterministic of which sensor nodes can sense the event. To ensure that no event is missed being reported, sensors in a WSN are densely deployed. The sensor node’s position is generally not fixed; the nodes might be randomly distributed around the phenomenon. So there is a need for protocols to have self-organizing capabilities, also the nodes must work in a co-operating manner to achieve effective information transfer. Sensor nodes have processing capabilities of their own; they locally process the data and then transfer it. The sensor nodes deployed in WSN have limited computational capacities, memory and power compared to ad-hoc networks. Sensor nodes in WSN may not have unique global identification as it can cause overhead in communication, also owing to a high density of sensor nodes, global identification can be challenging. In WSN there exist challenges in areas viz., scalability, cost, power, self-organization, interoperability, data compression, etc.

 

Sensor nodes aggregate the sensed data before transmitting it. Typically aggregation is performed at representative nodes or in the gateway nodes while the data packets are in transit to sink. Data aggregation protocols aim to remove redundant data, thus enhancing the lifetime of the sensor network. In a typical WSN, data is transmitted in a multi-hop fashion; nodes send data to their neighbors which are nearer to the sink. Nodes that are closely placed are likely to sense the same data and thus cause redundancy.

 

Based on the application requirement, sensors either transmit the data whenever an event is detected or periodically. These WSN characteristics and varied application areas motivate a sensor MAC which is operationally different from existing traditional MACs. Sensor networks MAC have node self-organization and energy conservation as their primary goal. The wireless channel access plays an important role in forwarding the data frames to the sink. Many MAC protocols are proposed for efficient channel access. WSN MAC techniques control and coordinate the radio component so that the network is energy efficient thereby improving lifetime considerably.

 

There are problems associated with the existing WSN systems. The existing schemes for data aggregation mechanisms are weakly related to data correlation and data redundancy, leading to poor data quality. The majority of the research work emphasizes that the clusterhead be elected based on node energy, which may not prove fruitful for data correlation-based aggregation. Data aggregation schemes employed in current techniques fail to perform data analysis cost-effectively. MAC schemes result in congestion in the nodes surrounding the base station, which should be eased to achieve better network performance.

 

To overcome these challenges we present a framework to enhance the data quality during the aggregation process. It is a novel and simple clustering algorithm that performs the selection of the clusterhead based on the data correlation factor. We also propose a novel hybrid MAC technique called Improved Funneling MAC for effective resource management. Both the protocols are implemented in MATLAB and simulation results are presented. Implementations are compared with the existing schemes and it is found that our implementations contribute to improved performance.

 

Author(s) Details

Dr. Anand Gudnavar
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jain College of Engineering and Research, Belagavi, India.

Dr. Prakash Sonwalkar
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (AIML), Jain College of Engineering and Research, Belagavi, India.

 

Dr. Keerti Narega
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48006-44-8

A Systematic Review of the Implementation, Benefits, and Challenges of the Energy Management System Based on ISO 50001 | Chapter 8 Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 10

 

A serious challenge in facing climate change is how to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from industrial activities. On the other hand, there is an increase in demand for energy consumption which has been followed by significant support efforts to encourage sustainable supply by exploring new low-emission resources, developing technology and conservation, and implementing energy mix strategies. In line with this, the development and implementation of a management system in energy utilization plays an important role. Based on several studies, the implementation of ISO 50001 has a significant influence on improving energy management performance, energy cost savings, and reducing CO2 emissions. This paper will review the current state of the implementation of this standard, its benefits, and challenges based on literature studies from several scientific journals and publications released by international organizations, associations, and government policies. The cost of implementation of this standard varies depending on the business model, sector, and period of implementation. Besides that, implementation of this standard also has a positive influence on the management of energy assets, evaluating and prioritizing the use of energy-efficient technologies, and driving efficiency throughout the supply chain. Several selected case studies that describe quantitative energy performance affected by the implementation of ISO 50001 at the international level with various sectors and several role models from Indonesia are explained. In general, it can be concluded that the implementation of ISO 5001 contributes significantly to increasing energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions. In addition, the challenges and difficulties faced by the implementation of this standard are also reviewed.

Author(s) Details

B. Prasetya
Research Center of Testing Technology and Standard, the National Agency of Research and Innovation (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.

 

D. R. Wahono
Research Center of Testing Technology and Standard, the National Agency of Research and Innovation (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.

 

A. Dewantoro
Research Center of Testing Technology and Standard, the National Agency of Research and Innovation (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.

 

W. C. Anggundari
Research Center of Testing Technology and Standard, the National Agency of Research and Innovation (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.

 

Yopi
Research Center of Testing Technology and Standard, the National Agency of Research and Innovation (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v10/1653

Experimental Evaluation of a Mobile Wick Solar Still with External Condenser in Rennes, France| Chapter 7 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 3

This study assesses the performance of a novel mobile wick solar still with a passive external condenser, designed and manufactured by IPFH2O. The objective of the system is to facilitate the production of potable water from non-potable water sources through the utilisation of solar energy. The system is designed for use in areas where access to drinking water remains a significant challenge. The tests were conducted over a four-day period between October and December 2021 at the University of Rennes 1, which is situated in Brittany, an area characterised by a sub-oceanic climate. The system was monitored manually in accordance with a one-hour interval schedule on the test days. The data collected included measurements of the temperatures of the components, the relative humidity, the global insolation, and the hourly production. This data was then used to calculate the system's energy and exergy yields in order to assess the system's performance. The data collected enables the system's performance to be determined and compared with that of other existing solar installations. In addition, the data allows for the characterisation of the system's operation and the proposal of technical solutions to optimise it. Distilled water production is halted completely when the sun's rays are too weak to rotate the belt, before terminating the acquisition. The obtained data is initially processed and recorded using XFlow software. It is then converted into Excel format for further analysis.

 

Author (s) Details

Sory Diarra
Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Procédés Industriels (LE3PI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar, BP: 5085, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal.

 

Sidy Mactar Sokhna
Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Procédés Industriels (LE3PI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar, BP: 5085, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal.

 

Souley Faye
Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Procédés Industriels (LE3PI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar, BP: 5085, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal.

Paul Byrne
LGCGM, Université de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.

 

Ousmane Sow
Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Procédés Industriels (LE3PI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar, BP: 5085, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal.

 

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v3/2184

 

Comparative Analysis of Energy Vectors for Industrial Applications: Evaluating Electricity, Hydrogen, and Biodiesel in the Italian Aluminum Smelting Sector | Chapter 9 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 8

This chapter explores the comparative viability of electricity, hydrogen, and biodiesel as energy vectors for industrial applications, specifically focusing on an aluminum smelter project in Southern Italy. The analysis evaluates each energy vector across multiple parameters, including system efficiency, land requirements for carbon-neutral energy production, and capital expenditure (CapEx). The study finds that while biodiesel offers carbon neutrality, it is impractical due to extensive land requirements and lower efficiency. Hydrogen, though a promising alternative, presents challenges in efficiency and higher CapEx, particularly when considering the infrastructure required for production and transportation. Electricity emerges as the most viable option, offering superior efficiency, lower land requirements, and comparatively lower CapEx. The findings underscore the importance of a holistic assessment of energy vectors in industrial contexts, balancing economic, environmental, and practical considerations to achieve long-term sustainability and feasibility. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights and guidance for similar industrial applications, highlighting electricity's potential as the main vector for achieving carbon neutrality in energy-intensive sectors. The implications drawn underscore the need for holistic approaches to policymaking, research, and practice in navigating the transition toward sustainable energy solutions. Further research that addresses these limitations can pave the way for more informed, effective, and sustainable energy strategies in the industrial sector and beyond.

 

Author (s) Details

Emiliano Finocchi
LUISS Business School, Università LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, Italy.

 

Please see the book here: - https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v8/2379

Optimisation of Cutting Parameters in Dry Turning of EN19 Steel Material | Chapter 7 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 5

The thrust of cost-cutting, in manufacturing enterprises recently, had been focused on energy efficiency and quality improvement consideration, largely, as an effort to respond to environmental apprehensions regarding legislation, standardisation and market growth. In steel material mechanical cutting, on the lathe machine, the convergence adequacy of the cost-quality-time matrix effectually is contingent upon the supreme choice combination of the set cutting parameters. This experimental investigation examined, the minimisation of energy consumption and enhancement of the generated component surface quality, by optimising the applied machining parameter settings, as a means of fostering sustainability in the dry cutting of EN19 material by turning on the conventional lathe. Optimising mechanical machining operating parameters points to a significant challenge confronting the machine shops industry as they endeavour to realise reduced electrical energy consumption and improved component surface finish quality, generated from their businesses.  The study aimed to reconnoiter and establish the association of the machining process strategy factors with the consequence of minimum energy consumption and surface smoothness quality, of the components, as the machining input factors were adjusted from minimum to the highest level of setting respectively. Taguchi's Full Factorial investigational strategy was employed in organising the empirical machining experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the main effects plot (MEP) signal-to-noise ratio optimising computation were utilised, in the study, to determine the impact of the variable input-cutting process factors on the dependent parameters – surface roughness and energy use. Optimum, minimum energy consumption and good surface roughness generating, machining conditions were determined. Results of the all-encompassing experimental investigation yielded optimum cutting conditions of, respectively, energy consumption minimisation (100 m/min cutting speed, 0.1 mm/rev feed rate and 0o rake angle) and surface smoothness quality (100 m/min cutting speed, 0.4 mm/rev feed rate and 0o rake angle). Validation experiments corroborated the results findings of the developed model within 4.7% variability.

 

Author (s) Details

 

N. Tayisepi
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

 

A N Mnkandla
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

 

G Tigere
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Harare Institute of Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe.

 

O Gwatidzo
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Harare Institute of Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe.

 

L M Wagoneka
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Harare Institute of Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe.

 

E Ndala
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Harare Institute of Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v5/2645

Transformation of Historical Buildings into Zero Energy Buildings - the Case of Palazzo de Simone, Benevento, Italy | Chapter 4 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 The strength requalification of historical houses is an interesting challenge that links the historical-beautiful sphere to the mechanics-plant engineering one accompanying the ultimate aim of reconstructing energy adeptness and environmental comfort. The European Commission's long-term calculated vision for a thriving, modern, vying, and climate-neutral saving by 2050 outlines key strategic blocks for maximizing the benefits of strength efficiency, including nothing-emission constructions, and for maximizing the deployment of renewables and the use of power to fully decarbonize Europe's energy supply. The EU Climate Target Plan 2030 stresses, once again and even more insistently than in 2050, the critical need to construct a new, sustainable, and flexible Europe, and this lofty aim entails cleaner air, better energy freedom, and more energy-effective buildings. Regarding these European regulations, Italy has affirmed the PNIEC and wants to work with it to chase an indicative goal of threatening consumption by 2030 to a level namely equal to 43% of basic energy and 39.7% of final strength compared to the PRIMES 2007 remark scenario. To achieve this aim, particular attention command a price of to the existing houses such as Palazzo De Simone. So, for the historical construction, the main objectives have happened to minimize the environmental impact; guarantee a high level of microclimatic comfort and good household air quality; guarantee the conservation and integrity of the feature while preserving allure historical personality; to improve the energy efficiency of the building, lowering energy requirements and therefore management costs. This memorable structure was built in Benevento (BN) in the eighteenth century on a project by the planner Raguzzini. It has been possible to develop a successful study framework offset from an extensive ancient research as well as from a number of non-hurtful in-situ surveys and environmental dossier. Following the identification of the design aims, design strategies and solutions have existed developed. In accordance with the Superintendence's limits, it has been determined to work everywhere with a conservative renovation and specifically at the following stages: first, on the construction envelope while leaving the systems unchanged, and then on the wholes while leaving the envelope unchanged.  Finally, subsequently crossing the results, the shift of the historical construction into a nZEB was achieved, in accordance with the lawmaking limits imposed by domestic legislation.

Author(s) Details:

G. Romano,
Department of Planning, Design and Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Flaminia 72, 00196 Rome, Italy.

F. Mancini,
Department of Planning, Design and Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Flaminia 72, 00196 Rome, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V8/article/view/12358

The Hygiene Institute within the Sapienza University of Rome Campus: A Proposal for Energy and Environmental Refurbishment | Chapter 3 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 The following three aims have been recognized as the research's pilot aims, starting with the definition of tenable development determined by the 2030 Agenda and ultimate recent European exercise instruments, particularly the New Green Deal: Goal 13 "Climate Action" aims to increase the construction stock's resilience and changeability to climate-accompanying risks, Goal 7 "Affordable and Clean Energy" aims to increase the share of renewable energy and boost existent buildings' energy effectiveness, and Goal 6 "Clean Water and Sanitation" focuses on a sustainable administration of water resources and sciences for recycling and talk over again.  Particular attention was paid in the research to the strength and environmental remodeling, from a green perspective, of the "Sanarelli" Institute of Hygiene on the "Sapienza" University of Rome square. The structure was built in 1935, and after a number of alterations during the whole of the years, it immediately has a total volume of 37,700 m3 and a surface extent of 9,475 m2. The work has concentrated on the expression of particular targets with the greatest goal of the strength and environmental renewal intervention following in position or time a thorough analysis of the current situation using inspections, surveys, non-obtrusive investigations, and referring to practices or policies that do not negatively affect the environment assessments. A non-obtrusive approach for in situ surveys have existed conducted to gather facts on architectural and fundamental elements and on their state of preservation.  With reference to the 2030 Agenda, the objectives of the research have existed set, concerning: the improvement of within microclimatic comfort, the reduction of meteorological and water pollution in addition to CO2 emissions, the help of circular economy and the optimization of construction management. To reach these energetic objectives 7 plans have been traces on account of which it has been attainable to identify 9 mechanics solutions expected applied to the Institute. The design selections show a close synergy between alive and passive instruments that together help achieve a circular use of water money on site, accompanying systems for capturing and accumulating rainwater and doctoring wastewater, as well as serving to achieve a important improvement in the energy nature of the building. This bettering has been created possible not only by modernizing the construction envelope's properties and alive systems similarly current standards and custom, but also by close aid between alive and passive technological answers that has produced acceptable results in terms of threatening CO2 emissions.

Author(s) Details:

G. Romano,
Department of Planning, Design and Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Flaminia 72, 00196 Rome, Italy.

G. Martellucci,
Department of Planning, Design and Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Flaminia 72, 00196 Rome, Italy.

F. Mancini,
Department of Planning, Design and Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Flaminia 72, 00196 Rome, Italy.

A. Battisti,
Department of Planning, Design and Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Flaminia 72, 00196 Rome, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V8/article/view/12357

Thermal Efficiency of a Box-Type Solar Cooker during Rainy Seasons | Chapter 8 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 This paper confers the computation of depiction parameters for a box-type cosmic cooker in a substitute-Saharan country during the rainy season, when cosmic activity is considerably attenuated on account of frequent cloudy periods. The experiments were attended at the Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physical Sciences of the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in Abidjan in a sub-Saharan country. Throughout the brewing tests, the illuminance was measured, and the hotnesses of the ambient air and differing locations inside the solar cooker were written. Average illuminance was determined through calculations using an EPPLEY pyranometer, grazing from 636.98 W/m² to 517.91 W/m², depending on the epoch. The average energy effectiveness of the cooker was determined for the cooking of miscellaneous food items, grazing from 20.48% to 26.59%. The overall loss cooperative ranged middle from two points 5.63 and 5.82. The results obtained from these tests are acceptable and highly bright, particularly inasmuch as they were conducted all along the rainy season.

Author(s) Details:

Donafologo Soro,
Département des Sciences et Technologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) d’Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

Siaka Touré,
Laboratoire d’Energie Solaire, Université FHB D’Abidjan-Cocody, Côte d’Ivoire.

Bernabé Marí Soucase,
Departament de Física Aplicada-IDF, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.

B. Fofana,
Département des Sciences et Technologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) d’Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V1/article/view/11865

Stochastic-Heap Hybrid Optimizer (SHHO) and Control Strategies for AC to DC Converters in IoT Applications | Chapter 11 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 7

The rebellious effects of the Internet of Things (IoT) on tool interaction and communication have happened in significant development in the adoption of IoT-based requests. Effective power source exercise is crucial in IoT uses, especially in settings accompanying constrained strength resources. AC to DC converters plays a crucial part in the present position by converting interspersing current into direct current. This conversion procedure helps to increase strength efficiency and create it easier to include energy from undepletable source sources. The Stochastic-Heap Hybrid Optimizer (SHHO) is a finish that may be used to help the energy efficiency and control plans of AC to DC converters in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. As submitted, the SHHO method combines guessed search methods accompanying a heap-based addition strategy to efficiently investigate the solution room. SHHO successfully overcomes the local optima question by using the capacities of randomization and prioritization, leading to revised convergence and greater acting. This chapter still comprehensively resolves several AC-to-DC converter control algorithms that concede possibility be used in IoT plans. The solutions include containing, procedures like Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). These control methods' examination and contrasting shed light on their distinct benefits and restraints in diverse IoT backgrounds. Additionally, this chapter explores the troubles encountered when SHHO (Solar Hybrid Home Optimisation) is linked with IoT-located AC-to-DC converters. Real-time operation, fittings limits, and communication limits are all part of these difficulties. The authors further discuss useful implementation issues and focal point prospective applications place SHHO might considerably increase performance and energy adeptness. To verify the productiveness of the suggested SHHO and control means, extensive simulations and experimental tests are completed activity in typical IoT positions. According to the findings, SHHO performs better than usual optimization systems in terms of influence, dependability, and flexibility. The Stochastic-Heap Hybrid Optimizer and control arrangements for AC to DC converters are thoroughly checked in this book chapter for use in Internet of Things uses. The approaches and conclusions argued in this information improve the development of strength-efficient IoT wholes. This development sets the stage for the next smart and tenable IoT deployments.

Author(s) Details:

I. E. S. Naidu,
Department of EECE, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, India.

Praveen Mande,
Department of EECE, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, India.

Budidi Udaya Kumar ,
Department of EECE, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, India.

S. V. Bharath Kumar Reddy,
Department of EECE, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, India.

Sreenivasulu Ummadisetty,
Department of EECE, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V7/article/view/11711

Fuel Efficiency of Tug Boats Using a Flow Meter Web Based Monitoring and Control System in P.T. X| Chapter 7 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 3

 A listening method has existed measuring functional accomplishment so that increase effectiveness. Management can measure performance to advance effectiveness following in position or time a whole has happened created and executed. P.T. X group is a party that moves in data processing, possessions, strength, mining logistic & duties. With all facts that has existed composed, management will within financial means produce a resolution correctly and increase output and effectiveness operational. All ships possessed by P.T. X have flow metres equipped, and the party has existed the subject of prior studies. The controversy is advanced by utilizing flow metres as a netting-located long-distance sensor that can be traced at whatever time and anyplace utilizing a sensor scheme called eGenKit. To that end, a study is completed activity in P.T. X to judge the use of a netting-located monitoring and ruling plan on quick pull boats.

Author(s) Details:

D. Faturachman,
Department of Marine Engineering, Darma Persada University, Jakarta, Indonesia.

A Djaeni,
P.T. Dwi Jaya Samudra, Jakarta, Indonesia.

M. D. Arifin,
Department of Transportation and Environmental Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan.

Fridolini,
Department of English Language and Culture, Darma Persada University, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V3/article/view/9362

Energy Efficiency and Conservation Practices for Sustainable Development| Chapter 4 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The way to an optimum energy resolution for sustainable development is through strength efficiency and strength conservation (EEAEC). To attain and claim optimal energy obtainment and use in any home or organization, EE and EC agree. They contribute to reducing strength expenditures, waste, and negative tangible effects without prejudicing the caliber of the work presented. Energy efficiency (EE) refers to the ability to preserve energy while maintaining the alike level of service. It is the ability to use new technology and supplies to perform the same tasks accompanying less energy. Energy conservation (EC) is attained, on the other hand, when you adopt better habits of doing things while utilizing the same amount of applicable energy to produce more valuable work. EC minimizes the need for fuel derived from prehistoric organisms sources. The spin-offs keep result in improved material quality, national and private security, and cost funds, putting EC at the top of the tenable energy portfolio ranking. The purpose of this article search out investigate and demonstrate the mechanics distinctions middle from two points EE and EC, allowing us to create an strength audit checklist applicable to dwellings, commercial, and industrial requests.

Author(s) Details:

O. U. Olughu,
Industrial Research and Development Engineer, Olughu Technologies Engineers, Aba, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8904

Improving the Building Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort through the Design of Walls in Compressed Earth Blocks of Agricultural and Biopolymer Residues Masonry: A Recent Study | Chapter 5 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 9

In this study, the effect of wall building materials on hygrothermal behaviour and energy efficiency in homes is examined. Nowadays, the majority of individuals make significant financial investments to upgrade the interior conditions of their buildings in order to live in a posh setting. Three different types of construction materials were used to produce the building design in the Design Builder interface for the wall: CSEB of fonio straw and Shea butter cakes, cement blocks, and cut laterite blocks. The total amount of energy needed for building cooling was calculated using dynamic modelling with Energy Plus software. We conducted a simulation utilising the weather conditions in Ouagadougou City, and we found that the thermal behaviour of the housing is affected by

in earth-based simulations, the wall. The results show that, in comparison to homes with a cement or cut laterite block masonry wall, the number of warm thermal discomfort hours and cooling energy loads are decreased in homes with a CSEB of fonio straw and Shea butter cakes by an average of 10.60 percent and 93.86 percent, respectively. The earth-based influence of this wall allows for an average interior temperature and indoor operating temperature of 28.64°C and 25.82°C, respectively, on the inside environment. The average inside temperature peaks dampening at 6.54°C (i.e. 22.83 percent). Because of this, these CSEB walls provide a useful contribution to the creation of sustainable homes in a hot climate.

Author (s) Details

Etienne Malbila
Laboratoire d'Energies Thermiques Renouvelables, (LETRE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Fasoa and Université de Fada N'Gourma, Fada N’Gourma, Burkina Faso.

Simon Delvoie
Laboratoire de Matériaux de Construction (LMC), Université de Liege, Liege, Belgium.

David Toguyeni
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement (LPCE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Luc Courard
Laboratoire de Matériaux de Construction (LMC), Université de Liege, Liege, Belgium.

Shady Attia
Sustainable Building Design Lababoratory, Université de Liege, Liege, Belgium.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V9/article/view/7550

Awareness, Attitudes and Perception of Green Building Practices and Principles in the Zambian Construction Industry: A Qualitative Descriptive Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 7 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 7

 Green building technology must be understood by construction industry professionals if they want to help lessen the negative effects of construction on the environment. The information has been disseminated through green construction demonstration projects to both practitioners and communities. Various tactics have been employed to spread green building technologies, however there is little evidence that green construction projects in Zambia have raised awareness. Although there are just a few green buildings in the works, these few projects have the potential to raise awareness. Understanding the amount of awareness, views, and attitudes toward green building practises among craftsmen, communities, and professionals provides a great starting point for sharing green building technology knowledge. Participants in a green housing project in Zambia's North-Western and Lusaka provinces had a high degree of awareness, attitudes, and views of green construction practises. Various tactics have been employed to spread green building technologies, however there is little evidence that green construction projects in Zambia have raised awareness. Although there are just a few green buildings in the works, these few projects have the potential to raise awareness. Understanding the amount of awareness, views, and attitudes toward green building practises among craftsmen, communities, and professionals provides a great starting point for sharing green building technology knowledge. Participants in a green housing project in Zambia's North-Western and Lusaka provinces had a high degree of awareness, attitudes, and views of green construction practises. This study looked into it. A qualitative descriptive cross sectional study was conducted with all of the people who were directly involved in the project. Those who had participated in previous sustainability projects showed a higher level of awareness than those who had not, according to the findings. Workshops, the media, green building demonstration houses, and institutes of higher learning taught professionals about renewable energy, while craftspeople learnt about it from previous renewable energy projects. As a result of reading and watching documentaries on national television, only two (2) members of the community displayed a high degree of knowledge. attitudes. Green building materials could only be inexpensive if they were manufactured locally, according to all of the groups. According to the findings, there are many different ways to teach practitioners in green construction processes, and no single strategy is sufficient. Whether or not participants were made aware of the knowledge being transmitted determines the training's sufficiency. This should be done at the very beginning of the project. The demonstration houses showed that they may be a useful training tool. Publications, according to the community, might be a good source of information. In terms of professions, The amount of knowledge received, on the other hand, was determined by educational levels. As a result, green building approaches training should be offered in both higher education and trade schools.

Author (s) Details

Mutinta Sichali
University of Zambia, Department of Environmental Health, Lusaka, Zambia.

Luke John Band
University of Zambia, Department of Environmental Health, Lusaka, Zambia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V7/article/view/2226

Study on Energy Efficiency and Green Activity Trends in Bangladesh | Chapter 7 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 8

 This chapter aims to determine the trends in energy consumption patterns among residents of typical apartment dwelling in Dhaka, Bangladesh, utilising water, gas, and electricity as indicators. Green activities have increased in Bangladesh during the last decade as a result of increased urbanisation and a high concentration of industry. Some supportive variables are studied in this chapter in order to enable and assure that it continues to flourish. One of the most important drivers of the country's market preparedness for green activities is the residents' degree of knowledge. To demonstrate this, data on energy usage patterns were collected from Dhaka households over a two-year period between 2011 and 2019. Because the city and the environment are a symbiosis and not one without the other, a demand for city rehabilitation is always in action in tandem with the city's development. The human dynamic is analysed by aggregating residents' responses in order to determine whether or not humans are the most important determinant in the structure or destruction of the metropolis. Over the course of a decade, this research has found that becoming conscious citizens and starting change with one person is the most effective way to affect change locally, nationally, and worldwide.

Author (s) Details

Ishita Mouri Rahman
Milano School of Policy, Management and Environment, The New School, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V8/article/view/1948

Energy Efficiency Improvement in DC Railway Systems: The State of the Art | Chapter 4 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 5

 In the context of worldwide concerns about decreasing CO2 emissions by minimising energy use and energy loss, this study focuses on the relevant subject of boosting energy efficiency in DC railway systems. In a detailed review, the main achievements in this complicated subject are synthesised and addressed, with a focus on the implementation and application of existing solutions on real case studies. As a result, all specific subtopics connected to energy efficiency are covered, beginning with power quality conditioning and concluding with the recovery of braking energy, which is lost in traditional DC-traction substations in huge amounts. Onboard and off-the-road storage devices for braking energy are explored and compared, with practical examples provided. The progress made in converting existing DC-traction substations into reversible substations with power quality improvement capabilities is then methodically evaluated by demonstrating the key findings of recent research on the subject. They include commercially accessible equipment as well as solutions that have been tested on experimental models. The findings of this comprehensive evaluation serve as a useful reference and source of support for research and development on energy-efficient traction systems.

Author (s) Details

Mihaela Popescu
University of Craiova, Romania.

Alexandru Bitoleanu
University of Craiova, Romania.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V5/article/view/1399

Recent Study on Wireless Body-Area Monitoring Network for Outdoor Environment | Chapter 2 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

 Outdoor Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) with wireless sensors that operate near or in the human body face a major challenge in terms of energy efficiency. WBAN had a serious problem with energy consumption. As a result, the ZigBee S1 pro-type was employed as the transmit and receiver model in an outdoor simulation. The analysis was carried out based on the channel propagation characteristics of the ZigBee network with many sensing nodes that were utilized in simulation, and the design can calculate channel characteristics such as received power, path loss, and so on. path gain, path loss-free space Based on the values acquired, the simulation allows you to determine the optimum approach to reduce energy use. There are two ways to send data from patient nodes to the hospital utilizing a multi-point route in simulation. By employing the proposed technology, the power of the transmitter may be greatly lowered and the energy required to communicate data can be substantially lowered.

Author (s) Details

Ahmed Mohammed Q. Al-Asadi
Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Baghdad, Iraq

Ahmed Ghanim Wadday
Engineering Technical College/Najaf Al-Furat Al Awsat Technical University, Najaf, Iraq.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1161

Advanced Study on Optimal Design & Analysis of Solar Water Heating System Using Solar Factors for Energy Efficiency & Thermal Performance | Chapter 7 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 10

Solar water heating systems typically cost more than traditional water heating systems to buy and build. In the long run, however, a solar water heater will typically save money. For a thorough study of a solar flat plate collector, multiple variables are involved (FPC). Solar collectors, fluid transport and distribution systems, hot-water storage containers and their control systems are important subsystems. The Solar Water Heating (SWH) Device has the ability to eliminate more than 50 percent of household energy consumption. SWH uses readily available solar energy to preheat water until it reaches traditional water heaters (electric or gas), thus greatly reducing energy use and expenditure. Current research has made several attempts to incorporate a variety of the most significant variables (Solar Energy Factor, Solar Fraction and Energy Factor) into a single energy (thermal) efficiency calculation equation and also to evaluate the cost of different systems relative to traditional systems. The approach used is to score the performance of solar water heating through the use of energy factors, the same efficiency rating that is used for electric and gas heaters. Not only is the EF the factor for determining the water heater model, it is also equally important to take into account the system's size and first hour ranking, fuel type and overall cost. Depending on fuel prices and electricity tariffs, the cost forecasts are diverse.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Punnaiah Veeraboina
Electrical Engineering Section, Engineering Department, CDFD, Department of Biotechnology, MoS&T, India.

Dr. G. Yesuratnam
University College of Engineering, Campus, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/370