In Silico Prediction and 3D Model Analysis of Potential Epitope of Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) Gallus gallus as Candidate Biomarkers for Poultry Meat Quality Tests| Chapter 8 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

The major goal of this study was to look for possible heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) epitopes in chickens (Gallus gallus). The epitopes are crucial for developing a vaccination that will generate antibodies against HSP70, which can then be utilised as biomarkers to evaluate HSP70 expression. There is a link between HSP70, which indicates the presence of stresses, and meat quality, according to other studies. Physical, chemical, and biological stresses can reduce the quality of bird meat before, during, and after broiler slaughter. The discovery of a possible biomarker for HSP70 will be extremely useful in determining the quality of poultry meat. In this work, the HSP70 sequences of Gallus gallus were analysed in silico to look for possible epitopes as biomarkers. The approach employed was a bioinformatics-related software-based method. Two putative biomarker candidate peptides related to HSP70, AILMGDKSENVQD and ISWLDRNQMAEKEEYEHKQKELEK, were obtained from this investigation. These epitopes can also be used to create a three-dimensional model. More study is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of these two indicators in vivo.

Author(s) Details:

Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede,
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia.

Budi Indarsih,
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia.

I Ketut Gede Wiryawan,
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia.

Muhamad Hasil Tamsil,
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia.

. Maskur,
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V5/article/view/6983

Characteristics of Wheat-Hemp and Wheat-Teff Models: Composite Flours| Chapter 7 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

With two separate Czech commercial wheat flours and bright/dark forms of these non-traditional crops flour, model composites of wheat/hemp and wheat/teff were constructed as 90:10 and 80:20 w/w blends. The insoluble, soluble, and total dietary fibre contents, as well as the Solvent Retention Capacity profile, were all evaluated using analytical techniques. The baking test immediately demonstrated the consumer quality of the evaluated composites. The most essential human food is bakery items. In hemp and teff tests, nutritious flour enrichment resulted in higher protein (about 13.0% to 30% vs. 6%) and fibre levels (approximately 13.0% to 30% vs. 6%). (from approx. 3.3 percent about 50 percent points vs. 30 percent points). The SRC profiles of wheat flour change somewhat between the two standards: sample M, which was qualitatively better, was weakened by hemp flour additions, and sample M1, which was slightly worse, was enhanced by teff flour additions. In baking experiments, the volume of brilliant hemp bread was lowered from 257ml/100 g to 196ml/100 g, while the amount of dark hemp bread grew to 328ml/100 g. The volume of teff-fortified buns varied from 325 to 369 millilitres per 100 grammes, compared to 381 millilitres per 100 grammes for ordinary M1. Due to the spicy flavour and fatty aftertaste, the sensory score of wheat/hemp loaves was lower, but the hay-like by-taste in wheat/teff bread could be tolerated with a 10% increase in the recipe.

Author(s) Details:

Marie Hrušková,
Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.

Ivan Švec,
Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.

Ivana Jurinová,
Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V5/article/view/6982

Development and Consumer Evaluation of Aerva lanata Incorporated Ready to Eat (RTE) Snack| Chapter 6 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

The convenience, affordability, taste, look, and appeal of RTE and RTC foods have all improved in recent years as a result of changing lifestyles. Aerva lanata is a green leaf vegetable with a long history. It has cultural, culinary, and medical significance. Both jowar and Aerva lanata are high in nutrients. The study's main goal is to include dry leaf powder into several jowar chakli recipes and assess sensory and customer approval. Initially, the leaves were blanched, dried, and mixed into jowar chakli before being tested for sensory assessment in the Nalgonda area of Telangana state. Based on the sensory results, a 10% leaf powder with jowar chakli was chosen. The test sample's flavour was far more popular than the control sample's. A total of 100 individuals from various age groups were randomly selected to test the best-selected formulation for consumer approval. The survey indicated that the product's price, colour, texture, flavour, and general acceptance were all favourable. Incorporating traditional green into popular goods offers diversity, enhances nutritional content, lowers raw material costs, and has a positive economic impact.

Author(s) Details:

Kanneboina Soujanya,
Department of Food and Nutrition, Post Graduate & Research Centre, PJTS Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (500 030), India.

B. Anila Kumari,
Department of Food and Nutrition, Post Graduate & Research Centre, PJTS Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (500 030), India.

E. Jyothsna,
Department of Food and Nutrition, Post Graduate & Research Centre, PJTS Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (500 030), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V5/article/view/6981

Assessing the Technological and Nutritional Functionality of Curd Cheese in the Overall Gluten-Free Bread Quality| Chapter 5 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

The absence of gluten has a substantial impact on overall bread quality, thus replacing wheat flour in the breadmaking process is a technological challenge. Protein-rich source replacements are frequently utilised to assist in the creation of a protein network capable of replicating gluten-like structure in order to support the dough foaming gas cells. Aside from protein structure, the association with starch granules may be advantageous in making them less susceptible to enzymatic breakdown, thereby providing a nutritional benefit. When proteins and lipids are included in the bread matrix, the nutritional benefits are amplified because the lipids can create lipid-amylose complexes that affect the final dough consistency. As a result, nutritional improvements in terms of gluten-free bread's glycemic response might be favourable. improved.

The goal of this study was to assess curd cheese's technological and nutritional functioning as a protein and fat source, as well as a prospective alternative bakery component in gluten-free breadmaking. The impact of curd cheese, based on its ability to strengthen gluten-free dough structure, was evaluated in detail by testing several levels of addition (5 percent to 20%, weight/weight) that focused on: I dough rheology properties, primarily flow and viscoelastic profile modifications, and ii) starch physical behaviour by pasting properties measurements. The post-baking quality of the resulting bread samples was measured to assess their quality. Nutritional gains were evaluated in terms of chemical composition and glycemic response. When the greatest level of curd cheese (20%) was evaluated, improvements in bread quality were noted, with a significant increase in bread volume (73%) and softness (65%) and a significant reduction in staling kinetic (70%) when compared to control bread. Furthermore, there was an increase in nutritional value in terms of proteins (80%) and minerals content, notably P, Mg, and Ca, covering more than 15% of daily required dosages. In terms of glycemic reaction, a significant decrease of 40% was obtained, resulting in bread with an intermediate glycemic index. Dough rheology parameters were shown to have strong linear associations (R2 > 0.902) with bread quality features, pasting properties, in vitro starch digestibility, and glycemic index. The linear relationships discovered may be utilised to support the notion that adding curd cheese to the bread had a significant impact on its overall quality and nutritional content.

Author(s) Details:

Carla Graça,
Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Research Center of Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal and  Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PL 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.

Anabela Raymundo,
Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Research Center of Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.

Isabel Sousa,
Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Research Center of Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V5/article/view/6980

Geographical Characterization of Çekiste Olive Oils from Southwest of Turkey with QTOF-MS| Chapter 4 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of Cekiste olive oils in different localities and to highlight regional differences using the geographical indicator label. The effects of geographical location on the chemical features of the Cekiste olive oil variety were researched in six different sites (Birgi, Bademli, Beyazit, Yenicekoy, Zeytinlik, and Uzumlu). The agricultural ecological maps for each location were created using GIS. Olive oil samples were tested for fatty acids, sterols, and phenols. Furthermore, using the LC IMS Qtof spectrometer and Progenesis QI software, the geographical fingerprints of olive oil samples from diverse areas were determined. The findings demonstrated that the oil quality of some locations differed considerably (p0.05) depending on the olive-growing region. Others, however, do not. The "geographical location" element has a significant influence on the quality of olive oil, according to the Principal Component Analysis of the various locations analysed.

Author(s) Details:

Ayca Akca Uckun,
Olive Research Institute, Izmir, Turkey.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V5/article/view/6979

Impacts of Precipitating Methods on the Physicochemical, Rheological, and Functional Properties of Borassus aethiopum Mart Fruit Pulp Pectin| Chapter 3 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

Borassus aethiopum Mart tree fruits are underused in Africa, with the majority of them allowed to decay in the field. These fruits contain a lot of pectin, making them good raw materials for the pectin business. Because the extraction processes alter the properties of B. aethiopum fruit pectin, it was vital to emphasise the effects of the precipitating methods on the quality of the isolated pectin. Different precipitating solvents were tested in this investigation, and the end products' properties were identified. The functional and rheological characteristics of pectin precipitated with isopropanol (IPA), acetone (ACTN), and the 50/50 IPA-ACTN solvents varied greatly. Precipitated isopropanol (IPA) pectin had the highest emulsifying activity (p0.05) and the best gel sensory property. High purity pectin with high viscosifying, emulsifying, and gelling capabilities was produced regardless of the precipitating solvent. Because extraction and precipitation techniques separate pectin samples with varying functions, commercial production of pectin from B. aethiopum fruit pulp should be regulated by its intended application.

Author(s) Details:

Sylvie Assoi,
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agri-Resources Valorization and Natural Substances, UFR of Biological Sciences, University of Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire and  Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifique de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Louise Wicker,
School of Nutrition and Food Science, LSU College of Agriculture, 297B Knapp Hall Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V5/article/view/6978

Evaluation of the Biosorption Capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Heavy Metals in Milk| Chapter 2 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

A biotechnological approach for removing heavy metals from the environment involves the use of biosorbents such as bacteria, yeast, and algae. Heavy metal decontamination in food and water can also be accomplished with these microbes. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, our study team looked at heavy metal biosorption in milk. Initial heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) were introduced to milk, and the bioremoval process was tracked for four days. The goal of this study is to see how exposure duration, temperature, S. cerevisiae concentration, and beginning metal concentration affect the bioremoval process of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) in milk. S. cerevisiae concentration, beginning metal concentration, and exposure duration were statistically substantially linked with heavy metals removal (p values 0.05) according to the ANOVA analysis. After 4 days with 30108 CFU S. cerevisiae in milk, the maximum biosorption (70%) was found. These findings added to the growing body of data that S. cerevisiae is an effective biosorbent for heavy metal removal from milk, as well as a potentially safe and environmentally friendly tool for ensuring a safe and healthy food supply.

Author(s) Details:

R. Masoud,
Department of Food Science and Technology, Iran National Standards Organization, Tehran, Iran.

F. Mirmohammad-Makki,
Department of Food Science & Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

A. Zoghi,
Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V5/article/view/6977

Measuring Consumer Responses to Food Labels: A Descriptive Study | Chapter 1 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

This study adjusted for chromaticity and examined consumer responses to beef steak label information location adjustments. Eye tracking and scan path entropy were employed to quantify information flow to consumers across label modifications. Safe handling messages had the lowest entropy across the placement variants. Monochrome information had lower entropy than coloured label information, with the exception of when the monochrome information panel was coupled with colour label components. The study emphasises how strategically arranging monochrome and colour label elements in food label systems may provide a range of impacts on consumer attention. When reviewing label designs that are supposed to highlight specific information for a number of objectives, such as marketing, health messaging, and safety warnings, scan path entropy should be taken into account. In label systems where information competes for consumer attention, the use of monochrome or colour label components appears to influence observed entropy, and observed entropy can be influenced by the placement and combinations of various label elements that can be measured and adapted to achieve message attention goals.

Author(s) Details:

Greg Clare,
Oklahoma State University, Design, Housing and Merchandising, Stillwater, OK-74078, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V5/article/view/6975

Probing the Magnetic Interaction with Y-Doping in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 Compounds by Critical Analysis| Chapter 13 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

The ground state magnetism and nature of the critical exponents in the neighbourhood of phase transition temperature zones of (La1-xYx)0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) compounds were studied in this chapter. In addition to a spin-blocking transition, the compound experiences a continuous paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) transition. The magnetic characteristics of the compounds are greatly influenced by the doping of Y-ions on the La-sites. The crucial fluctuations were studied using different established approaches such as the modified Arrott plot and detailed isothermal magnetization measurements around the magnetic phase transition zones. Widom scaling relation, Kouvel-Fisher technique, and critical isotherm analysis The estimated critical exponents' dependability and self-consistency are confirmed by the magnetic equation of state. The discovered critical exponent values are consistent with mean-field theory, implying that the examined (La1-xYx)0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (x= 0.3 and 0.4) compounds have a long-range ordered ferromagnetic exchange interaction. However, when the doping concentration (x = 0.5) increases, the magnetic ground state changes, which may be described using the quenched disorder framework.

Author(s) Details:

Dipak Mazumdar,
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India and Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.

Sanjib Banik,
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India and CNSE, SUNY Research Foundation, Albany, New York-12203, USA.

I. Das,
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6940

Variation of the Twilight Stages due to Sun Elevation: A Case Study in Malaysia| Chapter 12 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

The major goal of this research is to pinpoint the exact start times of True (Real) Dawn and True (Real) Dusk inside the twilight intervals. When the white thread of diffused solar radiation appears on the eastern horizon, the True Dawn starts. The Real Dusk, on the other hand, occurs when the white thread of diffused sun radiation vanishes from the western horizon. For Muslims, knowing these hours is critical since they are the times of morning (Fajr) and evening (Esha') prayers in Islam. As a result, the purpose of this research is to determine the altitude of the sun under the horizon at which both of the above-mentioned indications appear. In 2007 and 2008, the Sky Quality Meter (SQM) was utilised in four Malaysian locations to analyse the brightness at night, faux dawn, genuine dawn, true dusk, and pseudo dusk. During the whole monitoring period, the measurements were taken with the device oriented to the place of dawn and sunset at the horizontal angle of the sunrise or sunset and at five degrees slightly above the horizon. The sun's height for actual dusk was determined to be -14.380.91, for the start of faux dusk it was found to be -14.860.91, and for the conclusion of pseudo dark it was found to be -17.80.7. While it was discovered that the genuine dawn began at -14.190.52 (with high confidence -14.71) and the faux dawn began at -18.620.82. The light magnitude of the whole night after the faux dark was found to be 20.770.93 mag./arcsec2, whereas the light magnitude before the pseudo dawn was found to be 22.17 0.1 mag./arcsec2. These findings corroborate numerous prior studies in this field and lead to the adoption of new sun vertical depression angle values for True Dawn (between 14.7 and 15) and True Dusk (between 14.7 and 15). (between 15 and 15.5).

Author(s) Details:

Yasser A. Abdel-Hadi,
Department of Solar and Space Research, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), El-Marsad Street, P.O. 138, Helwan 11421, Cairo, Egypt.

A. H. Hassan,
Department of Solar and Space Research, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), El-Marsad Street, P.O. 138, Helwan 11421, Cairo, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6939

Equivalent Position Workspace for a Coal Gangue Picking Robot and Its Application to Stability Analysis: A Descriptive Study| Chapter 11 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

For green mining, the removal of gangues from coals is critical. This project develops a coal gangue picking robot with an end-grab controlled by four cables that uses a machine vision system to separate coals from gangues. The suggested robots have a highly dynamic gangue pick-and-place capability, including a high payload-to-weight ratio and good placement accuracy. Not only are there benefits to adopting cable actuation in robots, but there are also drawbacks. One of the most important issues is the robot's stability, which is directly connected to whether the target gangues can be effectively sorted. As a consequence, in order to learn more about the stability of a coal gangue picking robot, this study focuses on the equivalent position workspace, which has the same stability as a coal gangue picking robot. First, the robot's kinematic and kinetostatic models are provided in order to assess their impact on the stability of the coal gangue pickup robot. Furthermore, a non-iterative polynomial-based optimization method with the right optimal objective function is developed based on convex optimization theory, in which the cable with the minimum cable tension at any posture is determined. Then three position performance indicators are supplied to show the impact of end-grab locations on the coal gangue pickup robot's stability in a specified workplace zone. In addition, a new workspace called Equivalent Position Workspace (EPW) has been added. Finally, simulation data is used to adjust the theoretical link between the two performance indices as well as the stability. The research has substantial guiding importance and practical utility for coal gangue robotic separation.

Author(s) Details:

Peng Liu,
School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Xidian University, Xi’an 710000, China.

Xiangang Cao,
School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China.

Xuhui Zhang,
School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China.

Xinzhou Qiao,
School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6938

Cytotoxicity Measurements of CdSe and Ag Hybrid Nano Composites for In-vitro Bioimaging Applications| Chapter 10 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

The antimicrobial properties of silver metal have long been known. The interaction of these metal nanoparticles with human cells suggests that they are harmless. We synthesised a hybrid nanocomposites of Ag with Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) Quantum Dots (QDs) for cytotoxicity testing in this study. These hybrid nanostructures can be exploited in medical detection and therapy due to the strong luminous characteristics of CdSe QDs. TEM was used to investigate the morphology of CdSe QDs and Ag composites with CdSe. The TEM picture demonstrated that Ag had developed a coating layer over the surface QDs. The cytotoxicity of CdSe-based QDs was assessed using the MTT test on the HEK293 cell line. The tests revealed that even at greater concentrations of 1000nM for 24 hours, QDs were less hazardous. When the toxicity levels of both samples were evaluated, it was discovered that the Ag with CdSe hybrid nanocomposites were less hazardous than CdSe QDs. Using an optical microscope, the morphology of the HEK293 cell line was continuously assessed. The composites of CdSe QDs with Ag can be employed in many biological imaging techniques as well as other medical diagnostics and therapies due to their lower toxicity.

Author(s) Details:

Neeraj Rathee,
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.

Neena Jaggi,
Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6937

Mathematical Model of the Propagation of Radiation in Metal Nanoclusters| Chapter 9 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

The material utilised to make nanoclusters and wrap superhero capacitors has a direct influence on their performance. The assessment of their effect in an experimental setting is difficult. Adapting the authors' technique to govern these parameters might be intriguing. The focus of the essay is on a theoretical examination of the material's effect on coating properties, as well as the application of the SBS technique to various types of materials. The experimental verification confirmed that the model calculations were correct. A practical approach for forecasting the influence of contaminants on the chance of producing a local surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is provided as a consequence of the research.

Author(s) Details:

T. Yu Mogilnaya,
Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, Moscow, 125993, Russia and JSC “SERVET”, Moscow, 123001, Russia.

A. M. Vasiliev,
Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, Moscow, 125993, Russia.

L. L. Pagawa,
Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, Moscow, 125993, Russia.

D. Yu Kukushkin,
Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, Moscow, 125993, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6936

Catalytic Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate to Produce Fatty Acid Methyl Ester| Chapter 8 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

The esterification process produces biodiesel, commonly known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a form of industrial and transportation fuel. In this work, a chromium-titanium mixed oxides catalyst generated by the sol-gel technique was used to catalyse the esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to yield FAME. A batch reactor was used to carry out the esterification procedure. The researchers wanted to see how reaction temperature, methanol to PFAD molar ratio, reaction duration, and catalyst reusability affected PFAD esterification. With a reaction temperature of 160°C, a methanol to PFAD molar ratio of 3:1, and a reaction period of 3 hours, the highest FAME content of 89 percent was produced. In the intervals between the first and third runs, With a 20% performance drop, the catalyst can be reused three times. The findings showed that Cr-Ti mixed oxides might be employed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the esterification of PFAD feedstock with a high acid value.

Author(s) Details:

W. Z. Wan Kamis,
Centre for Chemical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

W. N. Azuwar,
Centre for Chemical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

N. A. Ali Bashah,
Centre for Chemical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

N. Isa,
Centre for Chemical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

S. S. A. Syed-Hassan,
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6935

Spacetime and General Relativity: A Novel Approach| Chapter 7 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

Four-dimensional (Minkowski) spacetime is purely mathematical and has no practical application. Time is an abstract measurement of motion and events that occur in three dimensions. It is impossible to extract nonphysical time from three-dimensional space and project it onto a fourth, ostensibly physical axis with a separate set of reference points. Spacetime does not exist, does not curve, and has no gravitational interaction. General relativity is severely flawed because Einstein predicated his geometric theory of gravity (general relativity) solely on this incorrect spacetime foundation. Geometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with the characteristics and relationships of points, lines, surfaces, and objects' relative positions. Mathematics is a sort of measuring that is intellectual rather than physical. Because geometry cannot cause or be influenced by anything in physical reality, Einstein's geometric theory of gravity fails. Because it assumes that a real force (gravity) interacts with an abstraction (geometry) that has no actual existence, general relativity fails. This chapter conclusively refutes both Minkowski spacetime and general relativity.

Author(s) Details:

David Rowland,
61 Sandstone Drive, Hanwell NB, E3E 0C3, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6934

Dynamical Nonlinear Modified Korteweg–de Vries Equation Arising in Plasma Physics and Its Analytical Wave Solutions| Chapter 6 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

Our research focused on the analytical treatment of the (mK-dV) model, and as a result, we discovered some new and more general families of exact solutions with potential applications in reading the qualitative analysis of many nonlinear wave phenomena in a more precise manner. Furthermore, these findings have a significant impact on the development of theories of soliton dynamics, adiabatic parameter dynamics, and quantum mechanics. We also used the auxiliary equation mapping approach to analyse the two-dimensional modified Korteweg-de Vries (mK-dV) equation, which arises in plasma physics and regulates ion-acoustic solitary waves for their asymptotic behaviour due to electron entrapment. Using this approach, we were able to produce a wide range of accurate travelling wave solutions, including semi half bright, bright, dark, semi half dark, doubly periodic, combined, periodic, half hark, and half bright through three parametric values, which is our technique's key point of distinction. These findings have a wide range of applications in quantum mechanics, biomedical problems, soliton dynamics, plasma physics, nuclear physics, optical physics, fluid dynamics, electromagnetism, industrial studies, mathematical physics, biomedical problems, and a variety of other natural and physical sciences. For a more precise physical dynamical depiction of our conclusions, we used Mathematica to create graphs in various dimensions to better comprehend the many new dynamical forms of solutions.

Author(s) Details:

Nadia Cheemaa,
Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.

Aly R. Seadawy,
 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia and  Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

Hafiza Tasneem Nazish,
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6933

CFD Modeling of Hydrodynamic Phenomena and Heat Transfer in Channels of Plate Heat Exchangers - The Latest Observations| Chapter 5 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

The study of hydraulic regime changes in the channels of plate heat exchangers for the manufacture of residential hot water is the focus of this work.

The working circumstances in which the heat exchange process occurs, which are exacerbated by the formation of dirt on the surfaces of the exchanger plates, are of particular importance.

The right approach to handling the challenge of modelling these complicated processes, which is principally represented in the choice of starting boundary conditions inside numerical simulations, is based on their consideration in these shifting situations.

Plate heat exchangers are one of the most efficient forms of small heat exchangers for heat transfer amplification. Because of their small dimensions, low weight and cost, and the decreased area required for installation and maintenance when compared to tubular heat exchangers, they are used in many industrial processes. Heat is transferred in these exchangers by complex-geometry channels generated by two contacting profiled plate heat exchangers. Due to disturbance and impact in the boundary layer, secondary-reverse flow, and swirl to a minor extent, fluid flows in such ducts are unstable. The goal of this research is to compare the operating parameters of plate heat exchangers derived from CFD simulation with the parameters of their operation in real-world settings. The results reveal that in a certain domain of Re numbers (from 8900 to 27650), CFD simulation can accurately forecast the intensity of heat exchange and fluid flow, with a few exceptions, as well as the fluid's output temperature and pressure decrease. Modeling fluid flow can reveal the shear stress distribution, which is crucial for forecasting contaminated plate heat exchangers.

Author(s) Details:

Dragan Mandic,
JKP Belgrade Power Plants, Savski Nasip 11, Belgrade, Serbia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6932

Application of Faraday Effect as an Authentication Technique for Vegetable Oils| Chapter 4 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

In this study, the Verdet constant for olive and other vegetable oils was determined. Distinct types of vegetable oils have different Verdet constants, allowing olive oil to be distinguished from other low-cost vegetable oils. Chromatographic analysis is used in the majority of recent studies on edible oil adulteration. The Faraday effect is being used as a sampling technique in this project. Each olive oil sample has a Verdet constant value that is based on the following factors: production year, sample history (i.e. storage circumstances), and geographical area, according to a study of samples kept for varied durations of time under various storage conditions. Oils kept in the dark had lower levels of tocopherol, carotenoid, and chlorophyll than those kept in the light. Oils and fats are one of three primary types of food, with proteins and carbs constituting the other two. According to preliminary findings, the Faraday Effect could be used to detect olive oil adulteration, implying that the effect could be proposed as a food authentication technique if calibration curves and standard Verdet constants values could be prepared for comparison with the samples under investigation. The relationship between the value of the Verdet constant and primary and secondary oxidation products, oil component concentrations, and other factors will need to be investigated further.

Author(s) Details:

M. I. Abu-Taha,
Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

M. A. Halasa,
Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

M. M. Abu-Samreh,
Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6931

De Bruijn Shapes: Theory and Instances| Chapter 3 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

Working with ever-increasing datasets might take a lot of time and resources. De Bruijn sequences, which allow you to visit all possible combinations of data precisely once, might be an appealing option for attempting to handle the linked items inside such datasets in the most efficient manner possible. The same method may be expanded to incorporate more dimensions, such as de Bruijn tori for bidimensional patterns or de Bruijn 3D-hypertori for tridimensional patterns, which can be further developed to infinite dimensions. The goals of this research are to reveal the key characteristics of all de Bruijn forms, as well as certain pertinent specific examples, that may be beneficial in pattern location in one, two, and three dimensions. De Bruijn sequences have been extended to higher dimensions, resulting in de Bruijn hypertori, and a generic template for the most frequent requirement for achieving such forms has been presented.

Author(s) Details:

Pedro J. Roig,
Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain and University of the  Balearic  Islands, Spain.

Salvador Alcaraz,
Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain.

Katja Gilly,
Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain.

Cristina Bernad,
Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain.

Carlos Juiz,
University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6930

Features for Riemannian N-manifold Classification| Chapter 2 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

Riemannian n-manifolds are topological spaces with a riemannian metric, in which Euclidean spaces of dimension n are just special examples. In the discipline of topology, several simple classification criteria exist, such as detecting some basic traits in each instance of a riemannian n-manifold and then assigning it to its corresponding homeomorphic counterpart, respecting topological attributes such as connectedness and compactness. As a result, the goal of this research is to offer the necessary topological invariants for classifying riemannian n-manifolds with n = 1, 2, and 3. While the focus of this study is on surface classification, some observations on categorising curves and volumes are made by examining their Riemannian n-manifolds.

Author(s) Details:

Pedro J. Roig,
Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain and  University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.

Salvador Alcaraz,
Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain.

Katja Gilly,
Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain.

Cristina Bernad,
Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain.

Carlos Juiz,
University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6929

Tribological Evaluation of Turbostratic 2D Graphite as Oil Additive: A Recent Study| Chapter 1 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

This research used powder technique to make Fe-SiC composites. SiC particles operate as precursors, causing a significant amount of turbostratic graphite to be distributed throughout the composite matrix. The temperature and composition range for stabilising the graphite phase in iron with a high yield were determined using Thermo-Calc® software. The recovered turbostratic 2D graphite particles were mixed in mineral oil to see if they might be used as a lubricating oil additive. The structure and morphology of the extracted graphite were studied using Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), demonstrating the extremely disordered nature of turbostratic graphite. The friction coefficient and wear rate of a tribological pair were reduced when compared to pure mineral oil and mineral oil with commercial graphite particles added. There is limited contact between these atomic planes in turbostratic 2D graphite due to the misorientation and increase in interplanar distances, resulting in a low friction coefficient and decreased wear rate.

Author(s) Details:

Halley W. J. Dias,
Laboratorio de Materiais, Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil and Instituto Federal de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina/Campus Ararangua, Ararangua, 88905-112 , Brazil.

Alessandra B. Medeiros,
Laboratorio de Materiais, Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil.

Cristiano Binder,
Laboratorio de Materiais, Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil.

Joao B. Rodrigue Neto,
Laboratorio de Materiais, Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil.

Aloisio N. Klein,
Laboratorio de Materiais, Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil.

Jose Daniel B. de Mello,
Laboratorio de Materiais, Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil and Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Laboratorio de Tribologia e Materiais, Uberlandia,38400-902, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6926

Dynamic Scheduling for Flexible Manufacture: 15 Computer Programs | Book Publisher International

 The totality of events occurring in the production unit for a given planning period determines the dynamism of workshop planning. The order in which projects are scheduled is mostly determined by the cost of machine adjustments, initial setup, workshop schedule, availability of operators, tool wear, machine maintenance schedule, material delivery timetable, and other resources.

15 workshop schedule tasks are mentioned in the book.

To carry them out, dynamic schedules with two criteria are created at the same time: the first is the timeliness with which orders are fulfilled, and the second is the cost of processing and readjustment of manufactured things. A large portion of the book is devoted to programmes for evaluating conformity with regulations. Schedule calendar hours and machine operating hours in relation to the working calendar.

These responsibilities include order planning as well as in-stock planning; some are specific to discrete production, while others are specific to process production. As a result, the suggested calculating approach is applicable to a wide range of sectors. All of the tasks in the book are presented in a consistent manner, making it easier to become comfortable with them.

VBA Excel macro plain text is supplied for each of the 15 jobs. On an Excel page, the initial data for each job is entered, as well as the planning outcomes. Gantt charts, as well as other charts, are used to depict almost all tasks.


Author(s) Details

Yuri Mauergauz
Russian MES Center, Russian Federation.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/DSFM/article/view/6893

In-vitro Bioactivity of Herbal Mixture Curcuma longa Linn, Cissus quadrangularis and Boerhaavia diffusa - An In vitro Study| Chapter 12 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.3

Plants are crucial in the creation of medications, and the pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on natural ingredients to create new treatments. Curcumin is a natural compound found in the rhizomes of the plants Curcuma longa Linn, Cissus quadrangularis L., and Boerhaavia diffusa L. Curcumin is a natural compound found in the rhizomes of the plants Curcuma longa Linn, Cissus quadrangularis L., and Boerhaavia diffusa L. Curcumin is a natural compound found in the rhizomes of the plant.

The goal of this study is to see if the aqua-alcoholic extract of the herbal mixture (Curcuma longa Linn + Cissus quadrangularis + Boerhaavia diffusa) has any cytotoxic, antioxidant, thrombolytic, antiinflammatory, or antibacterial activities.

Curcuma longa Linn, Cissus quadrangularis, and Boerhaavia diffusa were combined to make an aqua-alcoholic extract. Phytochemical in-vitro studies using the CCB mixture included cytotoxicity using the brine shrimp lethality assay, antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay, anti-inflammatory activity using the albumin denaturation assay, antimicrobial activity using the agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, and thrombolytic activity using the clo.

The CCB mixture showed excellent cytotoxic activity at various concentrations in a brine shrimp lethality assay, boosting antioxidant activity with DPPH assay, increasing thrombolytic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-microbial activity with increasing concentration, but the anti-microbial activity was ineffective as positive controls.

In this in vitro study, the CCB combination showed significant cytotoxic, antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity. More in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials are needed.

Author(s) Details:

Y. Dinesh,
Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India.

R. Abilasha,
Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India.

Pratibha Ramani,
Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India.

S. Rajesh Kumar,
Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRV-3/article/view/6952

Determination of Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Quinine and its Relationship with Treatment Outcomes in Children, Pregnant Women, and Elderly Patients| Chapter 11 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.3

The study looked at existing data on quinine pharmacokinetics in children, pregnant women, and the elderly, identified factors that influence quinine pharmacokinetics, and looked at the relationship between quinine pharmacokinetics and treatment outcomes (therapeutic and safety) for various dosage regimens.

Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed were the databases utilised in this systematic search for relevant research papers published up to October 2020 using the given search parameters. Quinine pharmacokinetics were found to be impacted by the severity of illness, administration methods, and nutritional status in these susceptible individuals. The recommended doses for both simple and severe malaria are often sufficient for the elderly and children with uncomplicated malaria. Dose changes may be essential in pregnant women with both simple and severe malaria, as well as children with complex malaria. In these vulnerable patient groups, pharmacokinetic studies with large sample numbers and a revision of the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) should be considered.

Author(s) Details:

Teerachat Saeheng,
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 99 Moo 18 Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang District, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

Kesara Na-Bangchang,
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 99 Moo 18 Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang District, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRV-3/article/view/6951

A Novel Captopril-hydrochlorothiazide Solid Dispersion| Chapter 10 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.3

Only physiologically inert carriers have been employed to produce solid dispersion with better dissolution of poorly soluble medicines in previous research. In this investigation, a new drug–drug solid dispersion technique was used to make solid dispersions in proportions close to commercial hydrochlorothiazide and captopril (HCT-CAP) combination formulations. By kneading, the weakly soluble hydrochlorothiazide was firmly disseminated in soluble captopril. TLC, spectrophotometric assay, infrared spectra, DSC, and X-ray diffractometry were used to characterise the solid dispersion. Solubility tests were used to determine the effect of captopril on hydrochlorothiazide solubility. The in vitro dissolving properties of the solid dispersions were investigated, and the findings were compared to those of physical mixes of HCT-CAP and pure hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide dissolution from solid dispersions was shown to be quicker than physical mixes and pure medication. Particle size reduction, microenvironmental solubilisation, changes in the crystalline structure of hydrochlorothiazide, and the creation of solid solution are the most likely processes for increased hydrochlorothiazide dissolution.

Author(s) Details:

S. Padma Priya,
Department of Pharmaceutics Madras Medical College, Park town, Chennai-600 003, Tamil Nadu, India and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, MTPG & RIHS, Pondicherry 605006, India.

N. N. Rajendran,
Department of Pharmaceutics Madras Medical College, Park town, Chennai-600 003, Tamil Nadu, Indiam and Department of Pharmaceutics, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode, Namakkal 637205, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRV-3/article/view/6950