Cr-Ti Mixed Oxides Catalyst for Transesterification of Cooking Palm Oil to Produce Fatty Acid Methyl Ester | Chapter 11 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 7

 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) or biodiesel is a inexhaustible and environmentally friendly fuel that is to say alternative to diesel fuel. In this study, mixed oxides impetuses of Cr-Ti were synthesized by way of sol-gel pattern and utilized in the transesterification of boiling palm lubricate (CPO) in a batch process to produce FAME. The objectives search out study the effects of Cr:Ti hardware ratio and fermenting time during incentive preparation. The ore ratio Cr:Ti of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 0:1 and 1:0 and aging opportunity between 1 era and 5 days contributed belongings on the FAME density obtained from the response. The various ore ratios and aging occasion during incentive synthesis had an affect the catalyst's characteristics, containing surface area, pore proportion, pore volume, and warm stability. The results indicate that a Cr-Ti stimulant prepared at a 2:1 mineral ratio and aged for 5 days has a FAME mass of 854 kg/m3, which is inside the range of biodiesel fuel property principles. The catalyst has a surface area of 45.88 m2/g, pore proportion of 190.52 Å, and pore volume of 0.1984 cm3/g, that is sufficient to promote adept heterogeneous catalytic venture while also being thermally fixed. As a result, Cr-Ti mixed oxides have the potential to act as a assorted catalyst in the result of FAME from the transesterification of CPO.

Author(s) Details:

Nasywa Yazid,
Chemical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Wan Zuraida Wan Kamis,
Chemical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Muhammad Salman Samin,
Chemical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Nur Alwani Ali Bashah,
Chemical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Muhammad Zahiruddin Ramli,
Chemical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V7/article/view/10053

Catalytic Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate to Produce Fatty Acid Methyl Ester| Chapter 8 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

The esterification process produces biodiesel, commonly known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a form of industrial and transportation fuel. In this work, a chromium-titanium mixed oxides catalyst generated by the sol-gel technique was used to catalyse the esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to yield FAME. A batch reactor was used to carry out the esterification procedure. The researchers wanted to see how reaction temperature, methanol to PFAD molar ratio, reaction duration, and catalyst reusability affected PFAD esterification. With a reaction temperature of 160°C, a methanol to PFAD molar ratio of 3:1, and a reaction period of 3 hours, the highest FAME content of 89 percent was produced. In the intervals between the first and third runs, With a 20% performance drop, the catalyst can be reused three times. The findings showed that Cr-Ti mixed oxides might be employed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the esterification of PFAD feedstock with a high acid value.

Author(s) Details:

W. Z. Wan Kamis,
Centre for Chemical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

W. N. Azuwar,
Centre for Chemical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

N. A. Ali Bashah,
Centre for Chemical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

N. Isa,
Centre for Chemical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus, 13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

S. S. A. Syed-Hassan,
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6935

Analysis of Chemical Signatures in ModeratelyThermophilic Bacteria | Chapter 13 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.1

 The analysis of fatty acids methyl esters as biochemical markers have been used in the identification

of bacteria. A total of 18 out of 44 moderately thermophlic bacteria isolated from water samples of the
Coramandal Coast, Chennai, Tamilnadu, were analyzed for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). The
present study showed that the predominant fatty acid was 15:0i followed by 15:0a, which were
characteristic of Bacillus. The results suggest that the order of decreasing abundance of terminally
branched fatty acids is as follows: iso even-numbered acids namely 16:0i, 14:0i, iso odd-numbered
acids, 15:0i, 17:0i, 13:0i, 19:0i and anteiso acids, 15:0a, 17:0a, 11:0a, 19:0a. Straight chain saturated
fatty acids identified were 10:0, 12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 18:0. The remaining fatty acids components were
present in negligible quantities. The isolates were also identified and classified using the comparison
with the TSBA database as Bacillus cereus-GC subgroup A, B. subtilis, B. laevolacticus,
B. alcalophilus, B. pumilus subgroup A, Staphylococcus schleiferi, S. gallinarum-GC subgroup A,
Kurthiasibirica, Geobacillus stearothermophilus-GC subgroup.

Author(s) Details

S. Aruna Sharmili
Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 086, India.

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