Study of Kernel Oils Properties of Selected Plants from Kahuzi-Biega National Park and Surroundings, South-Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo | Chapter 5 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 6

The floristic composition conditions most habitats in the world and this, ultimately, conditions the presence or absence of several animal species and of all biodiversity. Protected areas are the cornerstone of efforts to conserve the planet’s species and ecosystems. The rising consumption of edible vegetable oils underscores the importance of understanding their medicinal and nutritional value. Kahuzi-Biega National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is home to various plants as sources of edible oil for food preparations and medicinal therapy. This study aimed to assess the oil yield and to characterise oils obtained from eleven plants growing in this park and its surroundings. These were Carapa grandiflora, Carapa procera, Cardiospermum halicacabum, Maesopsis eminii, Millettia dura, Myrianthus arboreus, Myrianthus holstii, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Podocarpus usambarensis, Tephrosia vogelii and Treculia africana. Oils were extracted using ethyl ether in a Soxhlet extractor, and physicochemical characteristics were determined using standard methods of the American Oil Chemists Society. The seed oil content obtained ranged from 17.2% (T. vogelii) to 64.4% (P. usambarensis). The oil specific gravity varied from 0.8050 to 0.9854; the oils' melting point ranged from -12 to 32°C; the oil saponification values from 182.5 to 260.9 mg KOH/g; the oil acidity index from 1.74 to 5.31 mg KOH/g, and the unsaponifiable matter from 0.54 to 2.25%. The plant seed oils content reported in this study is comparatively higher than some food crop plants such as soybean and olive. Five of these oils have an oil melting range as that of edible oils. C. grandiflora, C. halicacabum, M. eminii and the two species of Myrianthus are in the range of common cooking oils by their specific gravity values. P. usambarensis seed oil, with its relatively high unsaponifiable matter content, can have efficacy as a cosmetic.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Melchias Kazadi Minzangi
Department of Biotechnology and Natural Substances, Research Centre in Applied Sciences and Technology, CRSAT/Kinshasa, DR Congo and Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Kinshasa, DR Congo.

 

Junior Kabongo Kanimba
Department of Biotechnology and Natural Substances, Research Centre in Applied Sciences and Technology, CRSAT/Kinshasa, DR Congo.

 

Théophyle Tambala Kongbo
Department of Geophysics, Research Centre in Natural Sciences, CRSN/Lwiro, DR Congo.

 

Archileo Natigo Kaaya
Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 of Kampala, Uganda.

Frank Kansiime
Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 of Kampala, Uganda.

 

Augustin Malumba Mukaya
Department of Chemistry and Industry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Kinshasa, DR Congo.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v6/5507

The Role of Alkaloids as Plant Based Alternative Nematicide for Enhanced Yield | Chapter 2 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 The nemacidal efficiency of Jatropha curcas alkaloids was evaluated in artificial and screen house studies to control the occurrence and severity of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The use of plant extract as alternative nematicides should widespread and gaining eminence, the lack of scientific confirmation of the active compounds of aforementioned plants has hampered the growth of its use. Alkaloids was first proven against nematode juveniles (J2s) after 24, 48 and 72 hours of process of early development at 0, 5 and 10 ml in in vitro conditions. Results presented that although, nematode death was highest (99.3 %) afterwards 72 h incubation ending at 10 ml rate of application, skilled was no statistical dissimilarity with mortality (98.9 %) got at 5 ml. However, under screen house environments Alkaloids at 0,1,2,3,4 and 5 ml were applied to drunk okra plants inoculated accompanying 1,200 infective (J2) larvae of M. incognita. The noticed increases in plant heights and leaf regions in the treated than prepared in both years of study maybe attributed to alkaloids inferred favourable conditions for optimum plant growth and leaf field. The Alkaloids extracts inhibited the endeavors of the nematodes thereby admitting the plants to make optimal use of the soil vitamins for growth and incident. Results also granted that alkaloids applied at 5 ml /cauldron significantly (P=0.05) discounted root-galls and increased plant tumor parameters on application of root and source alkaloids than the untreated control in 2019 and 2020 age of study respectively. Root and beginning alkaloids also raised Okra pod weight by 71 % (4.02 g) and 67 % (4.26 g) in two together years. Leaf alkaloids present least depiction in growth and yield of Okra. These findings elucidated the potential of J. curcas alkaloids as attainable good plant based alternative for the control of root-knot nematode on okra. The labeling of new classes of pesticides from natural plants to take over the hazardous artificial nematicides now common looks promising taking everything in mind the crude alkaloids extracts discovered expected active in this place study.

Author(s) Details:

E. Ogwudire Vincent,
ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321303, Rajasthan, India.

C. M. Agu,
ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321303, Rajasthan, India.

Nicholas C. Ewelike,
ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321303, Rajasthan, India.

Ephraim Maduako Nwokeji,
Department of Crop Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Christopher Oche Eche,
Department of Crop and Environmental Protection. Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V3/article/view/10271

Unraveling the Nitrogen Fertilization Puzzle: Impact on Carbon Flux to Seed Storage Compounds in Indian Mustard Genotypes | Chapter 1 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 Unlocking the confidential information of C-flux difference among genotypes under nitrogen fertilization can specify valuable insights into strength storage mechanisms and colorless odorless gas fixation. This study examined the influence of N application on oil and vigor accumulation in sources of Indian mustard. Results showed that most genotypes shown low lubricate content under N fertilization, signifying a negative correlation between lubricate and starch content. The rude answer of N influenced metabolites by enhancing photosynthesis and the element supply, leading to changes in vigor, protein, and oil content. The study also demonstrated that sugar content performed a regulatory role in lipid combining, and a reduction in carbohydrate levels during the blooming stage could be due to allure utilization in greasy acid biosynthesis. The findings of this study have main implications for optimizing land practices and improving crop yields in the future. Understanding the partitioning of element is crucial for peeling light on the regulatory points affected by nitrogen, and more research is needed to accept the underlying mechanisms.

Author(s) Details:

Ibandalin Mawlong,
ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321303, Rajasthan, India.

M. S. Sujith Kumar,
ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321303, Rajasthan, India.

Reema Rani,
ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321303, Rajasthan, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V3/article/view/10271

Application of Faraday Effect as an Authentication Technique for Vegetable Oils| Chapter 4 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

In this study, the Verdet constant for olive and other vegetable oils was determined. Distinct types of vegetable oils have different Verdet constants, allowing olive oil to be distinguished from other low-cost vegetable oils. Chromatographic analysis is used in the majority of recent studies on edible oil adulteration. The Faraday effect is being used as a sampling technique in this project. Each olive oil sample has a Verdet constant value that is based on the following factors: production year, sample history (i.e. storage circumstances), and geographical area, according to a study of samples kept for varied durations of time under various storage conditions. Oils kept in the dark had lower levels of tocopherol, carotenoid, and chlorophyll than those kept in the light. Oils and fats are one of three primary types of food, with proteins and carbs constituting the other two. According to preliminary findings, the Faraday Effect could be used to detect olive oil adulteration, implying that the effect could be proposed as a food authentication technique if calibration curves and standard Verdet constants values could be prepared for comparison with the samples under investigation. The relationship between the value of the Verdet constant and primary and secondary oxidation products, oil component concentrations, and other factors will need to be investigated further.

Author(s) Details:

M. I. Abu-Taha,
Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

M. A. Halasa,
Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

M. M. Abu-Samreh,
Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6931