Expanded Perlite-based Light Panels Used as Adsorbents and Insulators against Rapid Evaporation in Subsaharan Countries| Chapter 6 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3

 In soil skill, skilled are two famous standard procedures for weighing the soil liquid characteristic curve: the pressure plate plan providing the pF curve and the tensiometer providing the soil assimilation pressure curve. These two practical curves are mainly used for typifing and posing the soil water characteristics. The two approaches are established two very various calculation ideas, and material unity of the calculated variables has never existed illustrated. The currently thermodynamic expression of the pedostructure water memory curve h(W) admits us examining this unity, two together in theory and experimentally. This authorizes the object of the item. We establish that the pressure plate arrangement supports correct calculation points of the water memory curve of the pedostructure h(W) but on the condition that h is not deliberate usually, as prepared the air pressure used to the sample. Instead, in accordance with the thermodynamic belief grown attending, h must be determined as the mathematical of the air pressure used to the pedostructure sample to correspond to the assimilation pressure straightforwardly calculated for one tensiometer. We therefore show by virtue of what the hydrostructural limits of the hypothetical curve equating maybe supposed from some calculated curve, however calculation method. An use instance utilizing published pF curves is likely.

Author(s) Details:

Mohamed Tahiri,
Laboratoire Hydrosciences, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morroco.

Fatiha Benzha,
Laboratoire Hydrosciences, Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morroco.

Aziz El Makssoudi,
Laboratoire Hydrosciences, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morroco.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V3/article/view/9389

Weathering Degradation of Polyolefin | Chapter 8 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 1

 Thermoplastic polymers, such as polyolefin, are degraded when interacting with the environment. Polyethylene and polypropylene can experience chain scission and cross-linking caused by photo-oxidation, in the presence of oxygen and sunlight. The sunlight contains UV radiation which is easier to go through the amorphous region of the polymer than in the crystalline one. It causes the susceptibility of lower-crystalline polymers higher than highly-crystalline ones. Polymers having straight chains are more resistant than those having high tertiary-carbon content. The photo-oxidation is initiated by the formation of charge transfer complexes of polymer-O2. Chain scission happens only if oxygen is present and it is based especially on the Norrish II reaction, meanwhile cross-linking, promoted particularly by the Norrish I reaction, occurs in the absence of oxygen resulting in the gel formation. Compared to artificial one, natural weathering, consisting day-and-night cycles and seasonal changes, provide a stronger impact on photo-oxidation.

Author(s) Details:

Wahyu Purwo Raharjo,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia and Foundry Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.

Dody Ariawan,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia and Materials Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.

Kuncoro Diharjo,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia and Materials Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.

Wijang Wisnu Raharjo,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia and Materials Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.

Bambang Kusharjanta,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia and Materials Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V1/article/view/8178

Application of Faraday Effect as an Authentication Technique for Vegetable Oils| Chapter 4 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

In this study, the Verdet constant for olive and other vegetable oils was determined. Distinct types of vegetable oils have different Verdet constants, allowing olive oil to be distinguished from other low-cost vegetable oils. Chromatographic analysis is used in the majority of recent studies on edible oil adulteration. The Faraday effect is being used as a sampling technique in this project. Each olive oil sample has a Verdet constant value that is based on the following factors: production year, sample history (i.e. storage circumstances), and geographical area, according to a study of samples kept for varied durations of time under various storage conditions. Oils kept in the dark had lower levels of tocopherol, carotenoid, and chlorophyll than those kept in the light. Oils and fats are one of three primary types of food, with proteins and carbs constituting the other two. According to preliminary findings, the Faraday Effect could be used to detect olive oil adulteration, implying that the effect could be proposed as a food authentication technique if calibration curves and standard Verdet constants values could be prepared for comparison with the samples under investigation. The relationship between the value of the Verdet constant and primary and secondary oxidation products, oil component concentrations, and other factors will need to be investigated further.

Author(s) Details:

M. I. Abu-Taha,
Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

M. A. Halasa,
Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

M. M. Abu-Samreh,
Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6931

Relationship between Oxidative Stress, Circadian Rhythms and AMD: Advanced Study | Chapter 10 | New Insights into Disease and Pathogen Research Vol. 5

This work reviews concepts regarding oxidative stress and the mechanisms by which endogenous and exogenous factors produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also surveys the relationships between oxidative stress, circadian rhythms, and retinal damage in humans, particularly those related to light and photodamage. In the first section, the production of ROS by different cell organelles and biomolecules and the antioxidant mechanisms that antagonize this damage are reviewed. The second section includes a brief review of circadian clocks and their relationship with the cellular redox state. In the third part of this work, the relationship between retinal damage and ROS is described. The last part of this work focuses on retinal degenerative pathology, age-related macular degeneration, and the relationships between this pathology, ROS and light. Finally, the possible interactions between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), circadian rhythms, and this pathology are discussed.

Author (s)  Details

María Luisa Fanjul-Moles 
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma´ de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, DF, Mexico.

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