Quaternionic Formulation of Bekenstein-Sanders Guage Fields for TeVeS | Chapter 8 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 1

 

The Bekenstein-Sanders tensor-vector-scalar theory of gravitation (TeVeS) has been shown to account for the galactic rotation curves, lensing, and other cosmological phenomena without the significant presence of dark matter.

Treating the Bekenstein-Sanders field Bµ, for which  Bµ Bµ  = −1 as a gauge field requires that the field be non-Abelian. This structure was worked out in a previous publication by Horwitz, Gershon and Schiffer, where an equivalent Kaluza-Klein metric was found for an extended (5D) spacetime. In this paper, we study a quaternionic formulation of this theory with quaternionic gauge fields and quaternionic wave functions (as discussed in two seminal books by S.L. Adler), thereby establishing a connection between quaternionic quantum mechanics and general relativity. It was shown that TeVeS gravitational theory theory can be derived by a conformal transformation from a Hamiltonian form on a curved space for which the Bekenstein-Sanders vector field Bµ is a non-Abelian gauge field.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Lawrence Horwitz
School of Physics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel and Department of Physics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel and Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.

 

Please See the book here :-https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v1/47

Link between Allais Effect and General Relativity’s Residual Arc during Solar Eclipse | Chapter 7 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 8

 The purpose concerning this article search out establish a relation betwixt two gravitational anomalies: individual that has attracted part of the controlled community, the Allais effect that happens during solar eclipse; the additional, noticed but repressed by the whole scientific society, the General Relativity’s residual curve of the curvature of rays of light in the cosmic gravitational field during the unchanging eclipse. There is a systematically observed deviation about 10% larger than the hypothetical value of General Relativity, which coincides accompanying the "eclipse effect" found by Maurice Allais, hurled aside because it upsets the established realities. These corresponding oddities were never explained by any believes and turn out to be new gravitational physics.

Author(s) Details:

Russell Bagdoo,
Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V8/article/view/9690

Link between Allais Effect and General Relativity’s Residual Arc during Solar Eclipse | Chapter 7 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 8

The purpose concerning this article search out establish a relation middle from two points two gravitational anomalies: individual that has attracted part of the controlled community, the Allais effect that happens during solar eclipse; the additional, noticed but repressed by the whole scientific society, the General Relativity’s residual curve of the curvature of rays of light in the cosmic gravitational field during the unchanging eclipse. There is a systematically observed deviation about 10% larger than the hypothetical value of General Relativity, which coincides accompanying the "eclipse effect" found by Maurice Allais, hurled aside because it upsets the established realities. These corresponding abnormalites were never explained by any believes and turn out to be new gravitational physics.

Author(s) Details:

Russell Bagdoo,
Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V8/article/view/9690

Light Deviation around a Spherical Rotating Black Hole to Fifth Order: Lindstedt-Poincar´e and Pad´e Approximations| Chapter 2 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 6

 Light change about a rotating abyss to Fifth Order is planned utilizing the Kerr metric for two together limited and large change angles allowing for possibility various spin values (taking everything in mind direct and reverting orbits , that is co-rotating or counterrotating orbits). For limited angles the Lindstedt-Poincar´e means is working to get well-behaved resolutions, in addition to Pad´e approximants, then we show that the concluding produces wonderful results distinguished to the numerical answers, so trying to be a practicable design for solving this somewhat equatings. Our judgment methods produce more correct results distinguished to second and triennial order calculations that perform in the article. Additionally, the earlier are applied to the supermassive OJ 287 and SgrA* evil dents considering various impact limits. For big deviation angles mathematical unification has existed used.

Author(s) Details:

Pablo Ruales,
Department of Physics, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica, Ecuador.

Carlos Marin,
Department of Physics, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica, Ecuador.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V6/article/view/9208

An Extension of General Relativity Dependingon the Independent Powers of Rμν| Chapter 1 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 3

 We present an enlargement of General Relativity governed by a scalar Lagrangian mass, function of all the independent even scalars one is intelligent to build apiece powers of the Ricci tensor. The new conditions arising in the statement Einstein filed equatings, in the viewpoint of common General Relativity, may be elucidated as dark matter and dark strength contributions. Metricity condition completed by a new tensor different than the common metric tensor is too obtained. More it is proved that Schwarzschild-De Sitter, Robertson-Walker-De Sitter and Kerr-De Sitter metrics are exact answers to the new field equatings. Remarkably the form of the equation of the geodesic courses of particle motions across time in relativity theory remains the same in Einstein General Relativity unless the cosmological loyal Λ is no longer a uninterrupted appropriate a function of the space-time coordinate.

Author(s) Details:

Alberto Strumia,
Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica ”Francesco Severi” Rome, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V3/article/view/8586

Spacetime and General Relativity: A Novel Approach| Chapter 7 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.4

Four-dimensional (Minkowski) spacetime is purely mathematical and has no practical application. Time is an abstract measurement of motion and events that occur in three dimensions. It is impossible to extract nonphysical time from three-dimensional space and project it onto a fourth, ostensibly physical axis with a separate set of reference points. Spacetime does not exist, does not curve, and has no gravitational interaction. General relativity is severely flawed because Einstein predicated his geometric theory of gravity (general relativity) solely on this incorrect spacetime foundation. Geometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with the characteristics and relationships of points, lines, surfaces, and objects' relative positions. Mathematics is a sort of measuring that is intellectual rather than physical. Because geometry cannot cause or be influenced by anything in physical reality, Einstein's geometric theory of gravity fails. Because it assumes that a real force (gravity) interacts with an abstraction (geometry) that has no actual existence, general relativity fails. This chapter conclusively refutes both Minkowski spacetime and general relativity.

Author(s) Details:

David Rowland,
61 Sandstone Drive, Hanwell NB, E3E 0C3, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V4/article/view/6934

Astrophysics and Logic Often Conflict| Chapter 13 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

The science of logic is the study of reasoning, proof, and validity. This is the first research to use rigorous logical analysis to examine eight popular astrophysical ideas. The following cosmological theories are hereby declared invalid due to multiple false assumptions, faulty reasoning, and mathematical oversights: big bang theory, Hubble's law, general relativity, gravitational wave theory, dark matter theory, dark energy theory, Higgs boson theory, and Doppler-redshift theory. What is intellectually impossible is physically impossible as well.

Author(s) Details:

David Rowland,
61 Sandstone Drive, Hanwell, New Brunswick E3E 0C3, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V2/article/view/6625

Something is Seriously Wrong with Cosmology | Chapter 09 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 This study investigates and reports on a number of scientific and mathematical flaws that, taken together, have resulted in a widely held understanding of the universe that is significantly incorrect. Current accepted astrophysics has created an extensive network of hypotheses that are lacking foundation due to a fundamental cosmological mistake dating back to 1915. The legendary big bang could not have occurred, galaxies are not colliding, we are not on a collision path with Andromeda, and dark matter and dark energy are both fictitious concepts. General relativity has become the accepted explanation for gravity as a result of two mathematical errors dating back to 1915. This geometric explanation of gravity, however, is fatally faulty. There is no such thing as four-dimensional spacetime, and it does not curve or interact with gravity. Gravitational waves do not exist, and gravity does not bend light. This study finds that the following hypotheses are false: big bang theory, Hubble’s law, expansion theory, 4-D spacetime, general relativity, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background theory, and gravitational waves. The cosmos is an immense, eternal expanse with no beginning or end and no boundaries of any kind.

Author(S) Details

D. Rowland
61 Sandstone Drive, Hanwell, New Brunswick E3E 0C3 Canada.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V1/article/view/6325

The Theory of Neutrino Temporal Oscillation | Chapter 8 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 15

 We propose the existence of massless neutrinos that are in line with the Standard Model (unable to account for neutrino mass) but have properties that the Standard Model does not account for: they have a shorter radial path than the photon and have bosonic flavours, which means they are considered bosons rather than fermions. This notion is known as "neutrino temporal oscillation." When compared to solar neutrinos, neutrinos from SN 1987A, and cosmic neutrinos in experiments, the theory provides superior results, explanations, and meaning than the convoluted theory of neutrino oscillations (transformism). Physicists would have attributed the lack of detection of solar neutrinos to the "neutrino oscillation," immediately concluding that the neutrino and the photon follow the identical transverse path. After a "superluminal" odyssey, the "OPERA" experiment, which measured neutrino speed in 2011, yielded neutrino speeds consistent with the speed of light, data that the three existing types of neutrinos couldn't explain, and the final result of a fourth "sterile" neutrino with non-standard interaction. OPERA's findings contradict not only existing theories, but also other measurements. For example, light and neutrinos from the supernova SN1987A arrived at Earth within hours of one other, according to a research from the Kamiokande II experiment in Japan. Despite the fact that measurements of the neutrinos emitted by this supernova clearly show that their speeds differ from light by less than one part in a billion, the reality remains that two sets of data were obtained, with just one being kept to be consistent with the prevailing theory. As a result, the OPERA observation conflicts with the SN1987A finding, which is very speculative. What about the neutrinos and antineutrinos created at the big bang? They were never discovered, and there is no evidence that their speed is different from that of light. Neutrino physics appears to be ill, and belief is changed into proof. The hypothesis of "neutrino temporal oscillation" suggests that massless neutrinos can bypass the three spatial dimensions of space-time that we are familiar with. It represents an open window on a "new physics" with a relationship to physical reality within the Standard Model. The two possibilities appear a priori equally reasonable in reconciling theory and observation. The hypothesis of neutrino temporal oscillation, which assumes a particle's intrinsic mass, provides a more logical and fact-compatible explanation for neutrinos' periodic disappearance.

Author (S) Details

Russell Bagdoo
Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec, Canada.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V15/article/view/3479

Determination of Reduction Energy in Warped Region in Alcubierre Warp Drive | Chapter 7 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 15

 A general relativity solution is offered that outlines an Alcubierre propulsion system that allows for superluminal velocity while reducing energy by an arbitrary amount. With an interesting idea for the Alcubierre warp drive spacetime, I've introduced a coefficient into the Alcubierre equations that is 1 inside and outside the warp bubble but has large values in the Alcubierre warped region, effectively reducing the negative energy density and negative energy requirements, making the warp drive more "affordable" even at 1000 times the speed of light.

Author (S) Details

Gianluca Perniciano
Department of Physics of the University of Cagliari, Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V15/article/view/3478

Is There a Relativistic Effect in the Schrodinger Equation? | Chapter 9 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 10

 Due to the energy equivalence principle, we show that mass is connected with spacetime curvature, which leads to the development of volume and mass shells in every case. The relationships between a point surface tension and a spacetime curvature are presented. The conclusion is that spacetime is inherently fluid. Finally, we come across the chi psi omega law and the action, both of which are crucial in quantum mechanics. From there, we may calculate the particle's true acceleration.

Author(s) Details

Spiros Koutandos
Maniakiou 17, Agia Paraskevi, Attiaca 15343, Greece.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V10/article/view/2382

What We Know about the Universe that is Not So: Undoing a Century of Errors | Book Publisher International

 The prevailing assumption for nearly a century has been that the universe was created by a big bang singularity. This speculative occurrence is an impossibility that has only become a well-established belief due to a basic scientific inaccuracy that few have questioned until now. The cosmos could not have formed from any singularity, according to this book, which gives both logical proof and scientific evidence. Hubble's law, which assumes that galaxies are moving away from Earth at velocities proportionate to their distance, is widely regarded as the definitive proof that the universe is expanding. Hubble's law is severely defective due to erroneous assumptions, weak logic, and data that appears to have been fabricated. Edwin Hubble formed the erroneous assumption that nebulae are rushing away from one other, then discovered the mathematics to back up his assertion. In modern physics, general relativity (GR) is the geometric theory of gravity that has come to be acknowledged as the standard definition of gravitation. Gravity, according to GR, is the outcome of large objects distorting four-dimensional spacetime geometrically. The more mass in a body that provides gravity, the greater the claimed distortion. This distortion is said to alter the trajectory of moving objects in space, as well as the pathways of light rays passing close to huge objects. GR is, unfortunately, a terminally defective hypothesis based on logical mistakes, erroneous assumptions, and empirical misinterpretation. Geometric spacetime does not exist, it does not curve, and it cannot interact with gravity in any way.

Author(s) Details

David Rowland
Independent Researcher, Canada and Member of Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Canada and Affiliate of Canadian Association of Physicists, Canada.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/WWKUNSUCE/article/view/2128

Relativity with a Preferred Frame | Chapter 3 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 9

 The theory named 'special relativity (SR) with a preferred frame' integrates the preferred frame into special relativity while preserving the basic symmetry of space-time that expresses itself as Lorentz invariance in the regular SR. At the cost of the right to allocate the one-way speeds of light that exist in special relativity, the synthesis of such apparently contradictory principles as the nature of the chosen frame and the theory of relativity is feasible. A degree of anisotropy of the one-way speed acquires significance in the established context of a feature of the genuinely existing anisotropy induced by the movement of an inertial frame relative to the chosen frame. The anisotropic special relativity kinematics was generated on the basis of the principles of symmetry: (1) space-time transformations between inertial frames leave the invariant equation of anisotropic light propagation and (2) a group structure has a set of transformations. Modified kinematics is applied to particle dynamics based on the modified spacetime symmetry' principle, which enables the theory to be built along the lines of the standard theory of relativity. The theory can also be generalised to the general relativity (GR) definition, which like the traditional GR, is based on the principle of equivalence, but with the local symmetry of space-time properly modified. The chosen frame is identified with an asking frame of cosmology or the CMB frame to align the theory to the observational evidence, indicating that the theory should be applied on cosmological scales. The following applications are considered: the distribution of the CMB temperature as seen by an observer moving with respect to the CMB frame; the interactions with the CMB photons of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR); cosmological models. Applying changed SR Kinematics to the problem of measuring the distribution of the CMB temperature results in a relationship in which the angular dependence is measured. It coincides with that observed on the basis of the standard theory of relativity, but in the observer velocity, the mean temperature is corrected by the second order terms. The application of modified relativistic dynamics to the explanation of UHECR interactions with universal diffuse background radiation results in the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) energy suppression threshold due to pion photoproduction by UHECR protons depending on the distance to the particle source (cosmological redshift ⁇ ). This impact may contribute to the interpretation of Auger's recently published data on the UHECR mass composition. The application of the modified GR to cosmology results in a correction of the luminosity distance - redshift relation such that the deceleration parameter observed can be negative as it is derived from the data for type Ia supernovae. Within the matter-dominated cosmological model of Friedman-Robertson-Walker, the observed negative values of the deceleration parameter can be clarified. Without adding dark energies to the universe. A variety of other observations may also be well adapted to the cosmological model resulting from the GR based on the SR with a privileged frame, such as Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmic Microwave Background. The 'relativity with a chosen frame designed to reconcile the theory of relativity with the nature of the preferred cosmological frame, thus offers explanations of both the groundbreaking SNIa data and the recently published Auger data on mass composition without the implementation of new physics and with the only new universal constant, which in all applications is within the same range.

Author (s) Details

Georgy I. Burde
Alexandre Yersin Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben- Gurion, Israel.

View Book  :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/327

Island Universes: Galactic General Relativity without Dark Matter | Chapter 15 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 5

 

We apply the perturbative technique which was previously developed in cosmology to now describe
the gravitational field of a galaxy with arbitrary rotation curve. We use a Schwarzschild background as
starting point, however with the correct physical coordinates. In the perturbation theory we find two
classes of metric perturbations, (i) stationary perturbations in a 3‐dimensional vicinity of the central
black hole and (ii) non‐stationary perturbations in an infinitely thin disk. Since the metric perturbations
directly give the matter density the theory so explains the structure of disk galaxies with a bulge.

Author(s) Details

Günter Scharf
Physics Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH‐8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/245

Determining the Cosmological Constant Using Gravitational Wave Observations: Recent Advancements | Chapter 3 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 2

It is shown in Einstein gravity that the cosmological constant Λ introduces a graviton mass mg into the theory, a result that will be derived from the Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli problem for a particle falling onto a Kottler-Schwarzschild mass with Λ≠ 0. The value of mg is precisely the Spin-2 gauge line appearing on the Λ-mg2 phase diagram for Spin-2, the partially massless gauge lines introduced by Deser & Waldron in the (mg2, Λ) phase plane and described as the Higuchi boundmg2= 2Λ/3. Note that this graviton is unitary with only four polarization degrees of freedom (helicities ±2, ±1, but not 0 because a scalar gauge symmetry removes it). The conclusion is drawn that Einstein gravity (EG, Λ≠ 0) is a partially massless gravitation theory which has lost its helicity 0 due to a scalar gauge symmetry. That poses a challenge for gravitational wave antennas as to whether they can measure the loss of this gauge symmetry. Also, given the recent results measuring the Hubble constant Ho from LIGO-Virgo data, it is then shown that Λ can be determined from the LIGO results for the graviton mass mg and Ho. This is yet another multi-messenger source for determining the three parameters Λ, mg, and Ho in astrophysics and cosmology, at a time when there is much disparity in measurements of Ho.

Author(s) Details

 Thomas L. Wilson NASA,
Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/210

BKL Method in the Bianchi IX Universe Model Revisited: Advanced Study | Chapter 7 |Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

Given the extreme difficulty in finding analytical solutions to Einstein’s equations for universe models, such as the Bianchi type IX, different physical-mathematical techniques have been designed to attempt to find, at least approximate solutions that could have relevance in modern cosmology. Belinskii, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz (BKL) have developed a method to study a particular time evolution dynamic of the Bianchi type IX universe model. Herein, it is shown that this method contains pitfalls. These pitfalls, among other things, prevent the conclusion that this model provides chaotic behaviour. We show that the initial presumption made by BKL turns out to be inconsistent with the assumed initial conditions, since it cannot be kept along with the time-extended BKL process. That is, the Kasner stipulations corresponding to    , taken as initial conditions, are at odds with the initial assumption imposed on Einstein’s field equations.

Author (s)  Details

Leandro Meléndez Lugo
Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Centro Nuclear de México, 52750 Mexico D.F.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/171