Distribution of Pressure in Five General Cosmic Models | Chapter 10 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 3

 The distributions of dissemination pressure and the total pressure of the universe were examined in the general cosmic models in three period intervals. In the limitless epoch t≤ trm, logarithm of two together radiation pressure and the total pressure condescend gradually linearly with record(t). However, in the epoch t = tdec — ty, record(P,(t)) decreases steeply up to t = 6.2104Myr, then it declines evenly until t = 205.9406Myr, therefore it reduces slowly, inasmuch as log(P(t)) decreases fast up to t = 5.9406Myr, following it descends gradually just before t = 112.8713 Myr, where it starts declining moderately. Nevertheless, in the time range t = t, - 50 Gyr, record(P(t)) reduces fast up to t = 1.4458Gyr, then it descends in approximately less rate, while P(t) falls sharply just before t = 0.7229Gyr, hence it declines rapidly until tapp 1.9277Gyr, where P(t) approaches the dark strength pressure P1. As P(t) decreases with limitless time the horizon growth speed of the universe dn(t) descends steadily, while the negative values of the horizon growth acceleration of outer space d(t) increase. On the other hand, the horizon volume speed of outer space expansion V(t) ascends accompanying decreasing P(t), whereas the skyline volume spurring of the universe growth V(t) descends. Slightly after t = tapp, Vn(t) increases to its maximum advantage at t = tmax, then it starts dropping steeply with d(t) towards zero. However, at t = t top dn (t) surges prominently towards nothing, whereas (t) fluctuates about this value. The extreme changes in dn(t), dn (t), Vn(t) and (t) following the outstanding decrease in P(t) at t = tapp exhibits forceful dependence of the cosmic movement on the total pressure of the universe.

Author(s) Details:

Fadel A. Bukhari,
Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V3/article/view/10373

Astrophysics and Logic Often Conflict| Chapter 13 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

The science of logic is the study of reasoning, proof, and validity. This is the first research to use rigorous logical analysis to examine eight popular astrophysical ideas. The following cosmological theories are hereby declared invalid due to multiple false assumptions, faulty reasoning, and mathematical oversights: big bang theory, Hubble's law, general relativity, gravitational wave theory, dark matter theory, dark energy theory, Higgs boson theory, and Doppler-redshift theory. What is intellectually impossible is physically impossible as well.

Author(s) Details:

David Rowland,
61 Sandstone Drive, Hanwell, New Brunswick E3E 0C3, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V2/article/view/6625

Something is Seriously Wrong with Cosmology | Chapter 09 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 This study investigates and reports on a number of scientific and mathematical flaws that, taken together, have resulted in a widely held understanding of the universe that is significantly incorrect. Current accepted astrophysics has created an extensive network of hypotheses that are lacking foundation due to a fundamental cosmological mistake dating back to 1915. The legendary big bang could not have occurred, galaxies are not colliding, we are not on a collision path with Andromeda, and dark matter and dark energy are both fictitious concepts. General relativity has become the accepted explanation for gravity as a result of two mathematical errors dating back to 1915. This geometric explanation of gravity, however, is fatally faulty. There is no such thing as four-dimensional spacetime, and it does not curve or interact with gravity. Gravitational waves do not exist, and gravity does not bend light. This study finds that the following hypotheses are false: big bang theory, Hubble’s law, expansion theory, 4-D spacetime, general relativity, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background theory, and gravitational waves. The cosmos is an immense, eternal expanse with no beginning or end and no boundaries of any kind.

Author(S) Details

D. Rowland
61 Sandstone Drive, Hanwell, New Brunswick E3E 0C3 Canada.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V1/article/view/6325

What We Know about the Universe that is Not So: Undoing a Century of Errors | Book Publisher International

 The prevailing assumption for nearly a century has been that the universe was created by a big bang singularity. This speculative occurrence is an impossibility that has only become a well-established belief due to a basic scientific inaccuracy that few have questioned until now. The cosmos could not have formed from any singularity, according to this book, which gives both logical proof and scientific evidence. Hubble's law, which assumes that galaxies are moving away from Earth at velocities proportionate to their distance, is widely regarded as the definitive proof that the universe is expanding. Hubble's law is severely defective due to erroneous assumptions, weak logic, and data that appears to have been fabricated. Edwin Hubble formed the erroneous assumption that nebulae are rushing away from one other, then discovered the mathematics to back up his assertion. In modern physics, general relativity (GR) is the geometric theory of gravity that has come to be acknowledged as the standard definition of gravitation. Gravity, according to GR, is the outcome of large objects distorting four-dimensional spacetime geometrically. The more mass in a body that provides gravity, the greater the claimed distortion. This distortion is said to alter the trajectory of moving objects in space, as well as the pathways of light rays passing close to huge objects. GR is, unfortunately, a terminally defective hypothesis based on logical mistakes, erroneous assumptions, and empirical misinterpretation. Geometric spacetime does not exist, it does not curve, and it cannot interact with gravity in any way.

Author(s) Details

David Rowland
Independent Researcher, Canada and Member of Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Canada and Affiliate of Canadian Association of Physicists, Canada.

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Toward a Lemaitre-Hubble-Riess Cosmology | Book Publisher International

 However, if A tends to 0 and ⁇ the external space density has been discarded by A. Einstein could mutually cancel the positive and negative volumetric acceleration tensors and the General Relativity could not be extended to the external space. Otherwise, A. Friedman provided alternatives to the equations of Einstein, showing that without the term, the Physical Universe could expand or contract. Einstein confessed later to G. The inclusion of Gamow was his "worst blunder." G. In 1927, Lemaitre predicted and E. In 1929, Hubble verified the Physical Universe 's expansion velocity, expressed by its equation: v = H ⁇ r, where r is the Measurable Universe's radius and H is a parameter of which H is a parameter. Since 1930, value has been searched, assuming distinct values of v. In the year 1995, A. Riess and Riess et. The accelerated property of such expansion was discovered by al. The author suggested an equation for the expansion of space acceleration in the first article as ⁇ H = H2r/2, considering it in the simplest case as a constant (~ 2x10-7 cm ⁇ s-2). In addition , the value of H as a time function was deduced in the second article: H = 2 / t (s-1). However, the scientific community's praised aim to demonstrate the no-blunder character of ⁇ has been extended to name a mysterious form of energy (dark energy) that would be The main component (71%) of the universe is the origin of the expansion of the universe. In fact, a vast amount of thermal energy (originating at the Big Bang) existed that was adiabatically transformed in the expansive work of space and partially condensed in matter at lower temperatures (in the order of the binding energies of the lepton) to form the Physical Universe; the rest of the energy continued its redshift until the present CBR. Otherwise, when related to the complete Universe I e to the complete expanding Space) from the right line to a parabolic line, the classical inverted cone of time, centred on the constancy of c into the Physical Universe, must change its slant shape. It would suggest that the radius of the Universe was greater than previously thought from the time t ~ to/3, as seen in the 3rd article of this book.

Author (s) Details

J. G.  Lartigue
National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

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