Antiviral Potential of Milk Proteins and Peptides against Zoonotic Viruses | Chapter 12 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

In addition to its well-established nutritional value, milk is increasingly recognized as a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. Among these, milk proteins and their derived peptides have attracted growing scientific interest due to their multifunctional biological activities. Notably, recent studies have identified potent antiviral effects associated with these components, suggesting a promising role in the prevention and control of zoonotic viral diseases.

 

Despite a growing body of research exploring milk’s broader bioactivities, the specific antiviral potential of milk-derived peptides remains relatively underexplored in the literature. This gap represents a critical opportunity to advance knowledge in the fields of virology, nutrition, and One Health, particularly in the context of emerging infectious diseases.

 

This review aims to consolidate current scientific evidence on the antiviral properties of milk-derived proteins and peptides, with a particular focus on zoonotic viruses and the underlying mechanisms of action. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using scientific databases Relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English were identified through the application of specific keywords and Boolean operators. The selection process involved screening titles, abstracts, and full texts to ensure alignment with the scope of the review. These mechanisms may include inhibition of viral entry and attachment, interference with the replication processes, or direct viral inactivation through interactions with viral membranes.

 

Given their broad-spectrum activity and favourable safety profile, milk-derived antiviral peptides represent a compelling area for further research and development. Their potential applications span human and veterinary medicine, the nutraceutical sector, and the dairy industry—especially in a post-pandemic world where innovative antiviral strategies are urgently needed.

 

Author (s) Details

Maria Isabel Santos
Research in Veterinary Medicine (I-MVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon University Centre, Portugal and Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon University Centre, Portugal.

 

Tomás Moita
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon University Center, Lisbon, Portugal.

 

Laurentina Pedroso
Research in Veterinary Medicine (I-MVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon University Centre, Portugal and Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon University Centre, Portugal.

 

Ana Lima
Research in Veterinary Medicine (I-MVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon University Centre, Portugal and Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon University Centre, Portugal.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v2/5545

 

Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of Rumen Fluid and Milk in Lactating Dairy Cows Affected by Subclinical Ketosis | Chapter 06 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 6

 Ketosis metabolic research on nursing dairy cows has been done all over the world, however there have been few studies in Korea. The research of ketosis metabolic illnesses requires biofluids from nursing dairy cows. The goal of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profiles of healthy (CON) and subclinical ketosis (SCK) nursing Holstein cows using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Two groups of six Holstein cows were formed (CON and SCK groups). A stomach tube and a pipeline milking system were used to collect rumen fluid and milk samples, respectively. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify metabolites, which were then identified and quantified using the Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software and Metaboanalyst 5.0. Butyrate, found in the SCK group's rumen fluid, The levels of sucrose, 3-hydroxybutyrate, maltose, and valerate were considerably greater in the SUGAR group than in the CON group, which had significantly higher levels of N,N-dimethylformamide, acetate, glucose, and propionate. Maleate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, galactonate, and 3-hydroxykynurenine were found to be greater in milk from the SCK group than in milk from the CON group, which had higher levels of galactitol, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, -glutamylphenylalanine, 5-aminolevulinate, acetate, and methylamine. Ketosis disorders and the quality of rumen fluid and milk are linked to certain metabolites. This study will be used as a reference tool for ketosis metabolomics research in Korea in the future.

Author(S) Details

Jun-Sik Eom
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.

Hyun-Sang Kim
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.

Shin-Ja Lee
Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea and  University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.

Youyoung Choi
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.

Seong-Uk Jo
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.

Jaemin Kim
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea

Sang-Suk Lee
Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.

Eun-Tae Kim
Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea.

Sung-Sill Lee
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea and  Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.


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As Verbascoside Supplementation Affects Metabolic Profile, Oxidative Status, and Quality of Milk and Meat: The Studies on Donkeys | Chapter 05 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 6

 The study looked at various articles on the effects of dietary supplementation with verbascoside (VB), a natural antioxidant molecule, on hematochemical parameters and oxidative state in donkeys, as well as the quality of their products, milk and meat. In the breastfeeding jennies, VB supplementation reduced blood lipidic and hepatic profiles and enhanced oxidative state, impacting their suckling foals in the process. Milk quality was impacted by SFA, MUFA, and vitamins A and E concentration. On beef, the results included increased oxidative stability during storage as well as improved colour, taste, and texture sensory characteristics. The study's findings might serve as a benchmark for increasing animal welfare, as well as the quality and nutraceutical qualities of the food.

Author(S) Details

Angela Gabriella D’Alessandro
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari, Italy.

Giovanni Martemucci
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari, Italy.

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Evaluation of the Biosorption Capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Heavy Metals in Milk| Chapter 2 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

A biotechnological approach for removing heavy metals from the environment involves the use of biosorbents such as bacteria, yeast, and algae. Heavy metal decontamination in food and water can also be accomplished with these microbes. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, our study team looked at heavy metal biosorption in milk. Initial heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) were introduced to milk, and the bioremoval process was tracked for four days. The goal of this study is to see how exposure duration, temperature, S. cerevisiae concentration, and beginning metal concentration affect the bioremoval process of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) in milk. S. cerevisiae concentration, beginning metal concentration, and exposure duration were statistically substantially linked with heavy metals removal (p values 0.05) according to the ANOVA analysis. After 4 days with 30108 CFU S. cerevisiae in milk, the maximum biosorption (70%) was found. These findings added to the growing body of data that S. cerevisiae is an effective biosorbent for heavy metal removal from milk, as well as a potentially safe and environmentally friendly tool for ensuring a safe and healthy food supply.

Author(s) Details:

R. Masoud,
Department of Food Science and Technology, Iran National Standards Organization, Tehran, Iran.

F. Mirmohammad-Makki,
Department of Food Science & Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

A. Zoghi,
Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V5/article/view/6977

Nutritional, Physicochemical and Sensory Characterizations of Six Sorts of Probiotic Yogurts Developed With Milk and Cereal Grains (Maize, Millet and Sorghum) in Benin | Chapter 13 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 4

 Fermented beverages are popular in Benin and many other African countries. The study's major goal is to assess the nutritional, physicochemical, and sensory qualities of two types of probiotic yoghurts made with milk and cereal grains (maize, millet and sorghum). The two sorts of beverages were made using two separate methods and consisted of six distinct types of yoghurt (akpan yogurt, likpan yogurt, abokpan yogurt, gowe yogurt, litin yoghurt and abotin yogurt). The diverse fermented foods were subjected to physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory examinations. The physicochemical and nutritional analyses revealed that each of the six beverages included iron (3.7 to 22.8 mg/100 g), protein (14.3 to 19.0 percent), total carbohydrates (5.5 to 10.9 percent), and a pH of 4.1 to 4.2. Vitamins A, B1, B2, and C were found in every produced meal. Vitamin K1 was only found in the litin yoghurt (30.3 mg/100 g), while vitamin E was only found in the akpan and likpan yoghurts (3.3 mg/100 g and 7.1 mg/100 g, respectively). Vitamin A, B1, B2, and C levels were higher in foods made from fermented cereal pastes (maize, millet, or sorghum) than in other varieties. Statistical studies found that the three types of yoghurt in each category had a significant difference (p0.05). The sensory analysis revealed that the panellists of the tasting approved of all of the made fermented beverages. These many foods created play an essential role in terms of health due to their nutritional makeup and are advised for individuals of all ages, particularly the most susceptible population such as pregnant women, children, and the elderly who are frequently malnourished.

Author(S) Details

Tchekessi C. K. Célestin
Food Health Safety Research Unit (URSSA), Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Technology (LA. MI. T. A), Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 04BP 888 Cotonou, Benin.

Azokpota Paulin
Laboratory of Food Sciences (LSA), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 03 BP 2819 Jéricho, Cotonou, Benin.

Agbangla Clément
Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin.

Bokossa Yaou P. Innocent
Food Health Safety Research Unit (URSSA), Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Technology (LA. MI. T. A), Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 04BP 888 Cotonou, Benin.

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Analysis of Smallholder Dairy Farmers' Market Participation Behavior in Uganda | Chapter 5 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 12

 Smallholder farming's market participation has risen to the top of many developing countries' policy agendas as a source of economic growth. Smallholder dairy farming has been accepted as a strategy for Uganda's economic development through commercialization, however efforts to increase dairy market sales have failed. Uganda may be unable to take advantage of the predicted growth in demand for animal products if proper actions are not implemented. In Uganda's three main milk-producing regions, a study was conducted to investigate the factors that influence dairy producers' market involvement and percentage of milk sales. Based on data from the REPEAT Survey of 2012, a study sample of 171 typical dairy farming homes with at least one milking cow was selected using multistage sampling and purposive sampling approaches. Descriptive statistics and the Heckman two-stage selection econometric model were used to analyse the data. Improved lactating cows (1%), number of lactating cows (1%), milk yield (1%), information access (5%), access to veterinary services (5%), and children under the age of 6 years were all found to have a substantial impact on milk market entry decisions (10 percent ). Information access affects the percentage of milk sales (1 percent ), The number of lactating cows has increased by 5%, as have better milking breeds and the amount of milk consumed. Number of lactating cows, enhanced lactating cows, and information availability are three criteria crucial to policy intervention in improving smallholder dairy farmer participation and intensification. Dairy farmers in Uganda may be supplementing milk with other protein sources based on the amount of milk consumed.

Author (S) Details

Elizabeth Kuteea. Balirwa
Department of Agribusiness and Natural Resource Economics, International Centre for Sustainable Agricultural Management and Livelihoods Enhancement, (CISAMLE), P.O. Box 34224, Kampala, Uganda.

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A Detailed Review on Camel Milk | Chapter 3 | Current Research in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 3

 The article discusses the importance of camel milk in the human diet. Camel milk differs from other ruminant milk in that it contains less cholesterol, less sugar, more minerals, more vitamin C, and more protective proteins such as lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, immunoglobulins, and lysozyme. Camel meat is a delicacy that should not be overlooked during celebrations. When families move to new grazing sites within the range, male camels are also used to transport water and household items. Furthermore, camels play an important role in traditional social relations, such as dowry payment and compensation for injured parties in clan feuds. Cosmetics and autoimmune diseases Camel milk lacks -lactoglobulin and is used as an alternative for people who are lactose intolerant to cow's milk. Insulin in camel milk is both safe and effective in improving diabetic patients' long-term glycemic control. Camel milk helps children with autism symptoms. Camel milk contains lactoferrin, which has the ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Camel milk contains zinc and magnesium, which give it antiulcer properties. Camel milk contains a high concentration of -hydroxyl acids, which are known to moisturize the skin and are also used to treat skin disorders such as dermatitis, acne, and eczema. Although camel milk has such benefits, it is underappreciated, and its consumption is limited to pastoral areas. More research into the chemical composition and medicinal properties of camel milk is needed.

Author (s) Details

Abdulqadir Abdullahi
Animal and Veterinary Scientist, ASDSP II, Mandera, Kenya.

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An Organic Solvent-Free and Space-Saving Method for Quantifying Cyromazine and Its Metabolite, Melamine, in Cow’s Milk | Chapter 2 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol.3

The author described an organic solvent-free, rapid, simple, and space-saving method of sample
preparation followed by HPLC coupled photo-diode array (PDA) detector for simultaneous
quantification of cyromazine (CYR) and its metabolite, melamine (MEL), in milk. The HPLC-PDA was
performed on an Inertsil® HILIC column with an isocratic aqueous mobile phase. Analytes were
extracted from the sample using water, and purified by Mono-Spin®-C18, a centrifugal monolithic silica
spin mini-columns, and quantified within 20 min. The method, performed under 100% aqueous
conditions, obtained average recoveries for CYR and MEL in the range of 93.2%-99.1% with relative
standard deviations ≤ 2.8%. The quantification limits were 8.5 ng/mL for CYR and 10 ng/mL for MEL,
respectively. No organic solvents were used at any stage of the analysis.

Author (s) Details

Naoto Furusawa
Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.

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