Association of MHC-DRB1 Genotypes and Environmental Factors with Parasitic Load in Osmanabadi Goats | Chapter 5 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 7

 

Osmanabadi goat is reared in arid and semi-arid regions of India and plays a role in the economy of rural livelihood. Small ruminant practices in India face the major challenge of parasitic infestation. Gastrointestinal nematodes create a major threat to the production performance of small ruminants. Infection in the gastrointestinal tract with parasites is still one of the main constraints to goat production and poses a major global threat to animal production, which leads to serious economic and health problems. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of different genetic and non-genetic factors on parasitic load of these goats in Udgir tehsil of Latur district of Maharashtra, India. The variation due to season, age, sex, farm and genotype of the TaqI locus of the MHC DRB1 gene on Faecal Egg Count (FEC) and Haemonchus Egg Count (HEC) in the flocks was studied. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to analyse all the collected data. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare variables across different categories. The study comprised 84 animals, and the results indicated that the season and genotype had a significant effect on FEC and HEC in these flocks reared in an organised and non-organised farm. The highest FEC values (mean: 1119.047 ± 73.44) were recorded during the monsoon season, followed by the summer season (mean: 403.5714 ± 57.29) and the lowest values (mean: 116.66 ± 28.94) in the winter season. The HEC was also highest (367.469 ± 34.59) in the monsoon, and the winter season had the lowest values (mean: 116.66 ± 17.091). Among the genotypes, the BB genotype had the lowest FEC (mean: 240 ± 39.99), suggesting that the BB genotype might be resistant to parasitic load. Based on the findings in the present study, it is recommended that goat farmers adopt targeted control measures during the monsoon season to manage parasitic infections effectively.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Hajare, B.B
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (MAFSU), India.

 

Jadhav, P.V
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (MAFSU), India.

 

Meena, A.S.
Animal Biotechnology, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India.

 

Dhaware, S.A
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (MAFSU), India.

 

Bharkad, G.P.
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (MAFSU), India.

 

Borgave, S.D
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (MAFSU), India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v7/6263

Radiolographic Study on Dentition of Goat (Capra hircus) During the Prenatal Development| Chapter 4 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 8

 

The present study was planned to generate scientific baseline data on prenatal development of teeth in goat. The mammalian dentition is classified as heterodont dentition because the teeth develop differently in each region of the mouth according to their use and are grouped into incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. For the present investigation, a total of 42 representative goat fetuses were taken and they were prepared for incisor block and hemisections of head. After preparation, they were radiographed in dorso-ventral and latero-medial projection, respectively. The sequential progression of development of deciduous incisors was found as Di1, Di2, Di3, Di4. The beginning of crown formation was detected at the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th week for Di1, Di2, Di3 and Di4 in goat fetuses, respectively. The complete crown formation and beginning of root formation were detected at 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st weeks for Di1, Di2, Di3 and Di4, respectively. All deciduous incisor teeth had roots at different stages of development at full term, but none had fully developed. The current investigation found bilateral symmetry in the development of the goat fetuses' deciduous incisor teeth. No radiological evidence was found to support the development of permanent incisor teeth in the upper and lower jaw or upper deciduous incisors. The scientific baseline data generated from the present study on various radiographic developmental stages of deciduous incisor teeth could be utilized as a guideline to estimate age in goat fetuses from the 12th week to full term. The present investigation revealed bilateral symmetry in deciduous incisor teeth development in goat fetuses. There was no any radiographic indication for development of upper deciduous incisors as well as permanent incisor teeth in the upper and lower jaw.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Joshi N. H
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India.

Patel K. B
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India.

Desai M. C.
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India.

Raval S. H.
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India.

Parmar R. S.
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India.

Chudasama M. M.
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v8/8268E

Characteristics of Rumen Fermentation of Goat Fed Four Different Diets | Chapter 2 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 1

 The aim of this research was to examine the feed rumen fermentation in the rumen of goat fed 4 different diets. The rumen fermentation measured was pH values, concentrations of VFA (Volatile fatty acids), and Ammonia (NH3) in the rumen of goat. This study was designed based on the Latin Square Design which consists of 4 diet treatments  with 4 replications in each diet treatment. A total of 4 male goats, with relatively the same weight and age, were randomly assigned to an individual metabolic cage fed with 4 diets. The four diets studied were R1: Elephant grass, R2: Mini elephant grass, R3: Panicum maximum grass and R4: Brachiaria decumbens grass. Each diet was added with 20% of rice bran. The result of this experiment indicated that there was no any significant effect of different diets on the pH values, concentrations of VFA (Volatile fatty acids), and Ammonia (NH3) in the rumen of goat. The pH values in the rumen of goat treated with R1, R2, R3, and R4 were 7.17, 7.12, 7.07, and 7.0, respectively. The concentration of ammonia (mM) in the rumen of goat treated with R1, R2, R3, and R4 were 4.6, 3.3. 4.5, and 4.1, respectively. Whereas the level of VFA (mM) in the rumen of goat treated with R1, R2, R3, and R4 were 40.4, 43.6, 48.7, and 49.9, respectively. There was no any significantly difference (p>0.05) in the characteristic of rumen fermentation between the diet treatment. This might be due to the similarity in the nutrient content of those grasses studied. The characteristic of rumen fermentation was in the range of optimal growth of rumen microbes. It is concluded that those of four grasses studied edible, acceptable and contain a good nutrient as a feed resource for goat. The nutrient content of the grasses studied creates a good rumen environment for optimum feed fermentation in the rumen of goat.

Author(s) Details:

Ismartoyo,
Department of Feed and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Postcode 90245, Indonesia.

R. Islamiyati,
Department of Feed and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Postcode 90245, Indonesia.

Muhummad Rusdy,
Department of Feed and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Postcode 90245, Indonesia.

Mushandri,
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Postcode 90245, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V1/article/view/8554

Determination of Sensitivity and Specificity of Various Serological Tests for Detection of Brucella spp. Infection in Male Goats and Sheep | Chapter 07 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 6

 Brucellosis is a zoonosis that is present all over the world and has significant public health and economic ramifications. Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis are the most common causes. The goal of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for serodiagnosis of sheep and goat brucellosis, and to compare the results with those obtained from the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and direct Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Antibodies against Brucella were found in 8 (38.09 percent), 6 (28.57 percent), and 16 (76.19 percent) of 41 serum samples (21 rams and 20 male goats) examined by RBPT, (ICA), and iELISA, respectively, in ram samples (8 (38.09 percent), 6 (28.57 percent), and 16 (76.19 percent), and in 3 (15 percent), 1 (5 percent), and 12 (60 percent) of male goats' serum samples respectively. In rams, the kappa value between iELISA and ICA was -0.08 and RBPT and ELISA was -0.01, whereas in male goats, the kappa value between iELISA and ICA was -0.06 and RBPT and ELISA was -0.14. In rams, sensitivity for RBPT and ICA was 37.5 percent and 25%, respectively, while specificity was 60 percent and 60 percent; in male goats, sensitivity for RBPT and ICA was 8.33 percent and 8.33 percent, respectively, while specificity was 75 percent and 100 percent. It can be concluded that the proposed ICA is a reliable immunodiagnostic assay that is quick, low-cost, and cost-effective, making it ideal for large-scale screening in developing nations and rural regions. The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the ICA device for ovine and caprine brucellosis serodiagnosis and compare the results to those obtained using RBPT and iELISA.

Author(S) Details

Waffa A. Ahmed
Zoonosis Diseases Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Shaimaa A. Majeed
Zoonosis Diseases Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Ameer H. Abdul Ameer
Zoonosis Diseases Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Nawal D. Mahmmod
Zoonosis Diseases Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Nawal D. Mahmmod
Zoonosis Diseases Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Nameer I. Saeed
Ministery of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Office, Baghdad, Iraq.

Luma Y. Hanaa
Vet Research & Laboratories Department, Baghdad, Iraq.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V6/article/view/6990

A Detailed Review on Camel Milk | Chapter 3 | Current Research in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 3

 The article discusses the importance of camel milk in the human diet. Camel milk differs from other ruminant milk in that it contains less cholesterol, less sugar, more minerals, more vitamin C, and more protective proteins such as lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, immunoglobulins, and lysozyme. Camel meat is a delicacy that should not be overlooked during celebrations. When families move to new grazing sites within the range, male camels are also used to transport water and household items. Furthermore, camels play an important role in traditional social relations, such as dowry payment and compensation for injured parties in clan feuds. Cosmetics and autoimmune diseases Camel milk lacks -lactoglobulin and is used as an alternative for people who are lactose intolerant to cow's milk. Insulin in camel milk is both safe and effective in improving diabetic patients' long-term glycemic control. Camel milk helps children with autism symptoms. Camel milk contains lactoferrin, which has the ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Camel milk contains zinc and magnesium, which give it antiulcer properties. Camel milk contains a high concentration of -hydroxyl acids, which are known to moisturize the skin and are also used to treat skin disorders such as dermatitis, acne, and eczema. Although camel milk has such benefits, it is underappreciated, and its consumption is limited to pastoral areas. More research into the chemical composition and medicinal properties of camel milk is needed.

Author (s) Details

Abdulqadir Abdullahi
Animal and Veterinary Scientist, ASDSP II, Mandera, Kenya.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAVS-V3/article/view/1582