Association of MHC-DRB1 Genotypes and Environmental Factors with Parasitic Load in Osmanabadi Goats | Chapter 5 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 7

 

Osmanabadi goat is reared in arid and semi-arid regions of India and plays a role in the economy of rural livelihood. Small ruminant practices in India face the major challenge of parasitic infestation. Gastrointestinal nematodes create a major threat to the production performance of small ruminants. Infection in the gastrointestinal tract with parasites is still one of the main constraints to goat production and poses a major global threat to animal production, which leads to serious economic and health problems. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of different genetic and non-genetic factors on parasitic load of these goats in Udgir tehsil of Latur district of Maharashtra, India. The variation due to season, age, sex, farm and genotype of the TaqI locus of the MHC DRB1 gene on Faecal Egg Count (FEC) and Haemonchus Egg Count (HEC) in the flocks was studied. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to analyse all the collected data. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare variables across different categories. The study comprised 84 animals, and the results indicated that the season and genotype had a significant effect on FEC and HEC in these flocks reared in an organised and non-organised farm. The highest FEC values (mean: 1119.047 ± 73.44) were recorded during the monsoon season, followed by the summer season (mean: 403.5714 ± 57.29) and the lowest values (mean: 116.66 ± 28.94) in the winter season. The HEC was also highest (367.469 ± 34.59) in the monsoon, and the winter season had the lowest values (mean: 116.66 ± 17.091). Among the genotypes, the BB genotype had the lowest FEC (mean: 240 ± 39.99), suggesting that the BB genotype might be resistant to parasitic load. Based on the findings in the present study, it is recommended that goat farmers adopt targeted control measures during the monsoon season to manage parasitic infections effectively.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Hajare, B.B
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (MAFSU), India.

 

Jadhav, P.V
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (MAFSU), India.

 

Meena, A.S.
Animal Biotechnology, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India.

 

Dhaware, S.A
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (MAFSU), India.

 

Bharkad, G.P.
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (MAFSU), India.

 

Borgave, S.D
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (MAFSU), India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v7/6263

Identifying Factors Influencing Medium Density Fiberboard Production from Young Eucalyptus grandis, E. amplifolia, Corymbia torelliana and Cottonwood | Chapter 6 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the broad suitability of young Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (EG), E. amplifolia Naudin (EA), Corymbia torelliana (F. Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S. Johnson (CT), and Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall (PD) for making MDF by evaluating the basic wood properties of MDF produced from defibrillated Short Rotation Woody Crops (SRWC). Fast-growing EG, EA, CT, and PD may be deployed in SRWC systems in the lower Southeastern USA, especially in Florida. To evaluate these species for possible use as medium density fiberboard (MDF) and other composites, 2.5 m logs of three EG clones, three PD clones, six EA progenies, four CT trees, and one P. tremuloides Michx. (PT) tree from northern Wisconsin as a control were characterized for basic wood properties before being chipped, pulped, and pressed into MDF. The chips were thermomechanically pulped (TMP) for a two-phase study of the factors expected to influence suitability for MDF production: wood characteristics, refining system, resin system, and MDF formation. Phase I used TMP and 4% phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin to produce 17 MDF species/genotype batches (S/GB). Thickness Swell (TS), Water Absorption (WA), Internal Bonding (IB), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) were evaluated to: 1) assess within species and within tree variation, 2) relate basic wood properties to MDF potential, and 3) examine repeatability of MDF-making. There was considerable variation among and within species, but only minor variation within individual trees. The analyses also examined the effects of species, genotype, and/or log on MDF panel properties, with a significance level of 5%. Species and S/GB means were tested using Duncan’s multiple-range test. Six of the 17 S/GBs had superior physical and mechanical MDF properties. In Phase II, two of the six better-performing Phase I S/GBs were evaluated, along with three average Phase I S/GBs. Phase II compared the effects on IB from using tube and drum blenders for resin application, the influence of using unscreened versus screened fibers, and the differences between using PF resin at 4% or 6% versus urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin at 8% or 12%. Overall, genetic variation among species, and particularly within these species, affected their potential for commercial MDF. Log specific gravity (SG), fines, MDF SG, and fiber length influenced MDF properties, as did refining and MDF-processing variables. Further study of specific processing requirements can optimize the potential of young EG, EA, PD, and CT genotypes grown as SRWCs for MDF and many other wood composites. These results are encouraging for the development and use of wood composites from SRWCs in Florida, the southeastern USA, and elsewhere.

 

Author (s) Details

 Donald L. Rockwood
School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

 

Jerrold E. Winandy
US Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), Madison, WI 53726, USA.

 

Neil R. Gribbins
US Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), Madison, WI 53726, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v9/2004

Evolution | Book Publisher International

 "Evolving Horizons" is a captivating exploration of the intricate tapestry of evolutionary theory, offering readers a panoramic view of life's unfolding drama on Earth. From the primordial seas to the bustling ecosystems of today, this book delves deep into the mechanisms, patterns, and implications of evolution, drawing upon a wealth of scientific research and historical insights.

Spanning centuries of intellectual inquiry, the narrative begins with the pioneering work of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, whose groundbreaking ideas laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology. Through the lens of natural selection, genetic variation, and ecological interactions, readers are introduced to the dynamic processes that shape the diversity of life forms, from the microscopic world of microbes to the majestic realms of whales and redwoods.

The fossil record serves as a window into the past, revealing the dramatic episodes of evolutionary change that have sculpted Earth's history. From the enigmatic creatures of the Cambrian Explosion to the rise and fall of ancient civilizations, the story of evolution unfolds against the backdrop of geological time, highlighting the resilience and adaptability of living organisms in the face of environmental upheaval.

As the narrative unfolds, readers are guided through the intricacies of speciation, convergent evolution, and coevolution, gaining insights into the remarkable strategies that organisms employ to survive and thrive in diverse habitats. From the dazzling displays of courtship in birds of paradise to the biochemical innovations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the book showcases the endless creativity of evolution in action.

Moreover, "Evolving Horizons" explores the practical implications of evolutionary theory in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and conservation, demonstrating how an understanding of evolutionary principles can inform strategies for disease management, crop breeding, and ecosystem restoration.

With its engaging narrative, vivid illustrations, and thought-provoking insights, "Evolving Horizons" invites readers on a transformative journey through the depths of evolutionary theory, inspiring a deeper appreciation for the wonders of life's enduring journey on Earth. Whether novice or expert, this book offers something for every curious mind, illuminating the interconnectedness of all living beings and the timeless beauty of evolution's unfolding saga.

Author(s) Details:

Nayan K. Prasad,
Department of Zoology, R.R.M. Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

Kumari Shachi,
Department of Zoology, K.S. College, Laheriasarai, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga-846004, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EVOLUTION/article/view/13652

Determination of Proton–Proton Interaction at Large Hadrons | Chapter 6 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 6

This paper describes how to use Genetic Programming (GP) as an evolutionary computational that is a family of algorithms for global optimization. The GP is an algorithm used for global optimisation in particle physics [1]. The GP is based on Darwin’s evolutionary theory of nature. GP, as a global optimization technique used by discovery of a new function for modeling physical phenomena. The p-p interactions are modeled at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments, the number of charged particles multiplicity <n> and the total cross-section, σT as functions of the total center of mass energy (from low to ultra-high energy), √8 are discovered by using GP. In view of the discovered function for <n> √8 , the overall trend of the values predicted is consistent with LHC data [predicted values are 34.8638 and 35.3520 at √8 = 13 TeV and √8 14 TeV respectively]. The new function σT √8 , trained on experimental data of Particle Data Group (PDG) demonstrates a nice match to the other models. The predicted values of the total cross section at √8 = 13 TeV, and 14 TeV are found to be 109.0381 mb and 111.8329 mb respectively. Furthermore, the values predicted are agreed with other models like Block. Furthermore, the values predicted are agreed with other models like Block. To conclude, in high-energy physics GP has become one of the leading study fields.

Author(s) Details:

Amr Radi,
Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Muscat 123, Oman and Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V6/article/view/13252

The Genetic Diversity of Triturus vittatus vittatus (Synonym Ommatotriton vittatus) Along the Southern Border of its Distribution | Chapter 6 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 2

 The aim concerning this chapter is to interrogate the genetic diversity of Triturus vittatus vittatus (analogue Ommatotriton vittatus). This salamander species is in the direction of different breeding sites during the whole of the southern border of its classification. Two mitochondrial DNA markers, 12S and 16S, and the nuclear rhodopsin deoxyribonucleic acid (RHO) were used to examine the genetic differences in this species. AMOVA reasoning was conducted to investigate the classification of the variation and differential relatedness among populations, domains, and populations within domains. This analysis of the 163-bp RHO DNA sequence acted not reveal any important genetic variation with the different populations in the miscellaneous habitats according to discovery of population differentiation. In contrast, contrasting of 12S rRNA (357 bp) and 16S rRNA (521 bp) revealed high variation between the regions for the different public. AMOVA showed high unlikeness between the breeding sites of newts at the pertaining to the south border of their distribution.

Author(s) Details:

Gad Degani,
MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel and Faculty of Science and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V2/article/view/11620

Genetic Variation in Susceptibility of Carica and Vasconcellea towards Papaya Ringspot Virus type P (PRSV-P) | Chapter 12 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 3

The papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a popular tropical fruit crop across the world, however it is plagued by the papaya ringspot virus type P. (PRSV-P). Previous genetic study revealed a functional PRSV-P resistance marker in a mapping population of F2 plants of Vasconcellea pubescens (resistant to PRSV-P) and Vasconcellea parviflora (sensitive to PRSV-P), and demonstrated that the marker had similarity to the STK gene. The sensitivity of Carica and Vasconcellea to Papaya Ringspot Virus type P (PRSV-P) was investigated in this work using structural variations in the STK gene. Full-length cDNAs of the potential PRSV-P resistance genes CP STK and VP STK1 and VP STK2 from C. papaya and V. papaya, respectively. fast amplification of cDNA ends was used to clone pubescens (RACE). The two homologous sequences in V. pubescens are transcribed and processed differently due to a frame-shift mutation, resulting in two separate transcripts in V. pubescens, whereas they are fused into a single message in C. papaya. A peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS2) discovered in VP STK2 but not in the other transcripts might be the functional source of PRSV resistance in V. pubescens. Resistance-inducing alternative splicing may have produced the STK gene in V. pubescens. The potential resistance gene VP STK2, which was found in this study, might be a new source of PRSV-P resistance for papaya genotypes.

Author(s) Details:

M. R. Razean Haireen,
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia and Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, QLD 4111, Australia.

R. A. Drew,
Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, QLD 4111, Australia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V3/article/view/7054

Empowering Molecular Network in the Pathogenesis of Obesity with Omics Architecture | Chapter 6 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol.4.

 Obesity is regarded as a major public health concern, owing to the multifaceted factors involved in metabolic complications rooted in multifactorial causes (e.g., environmental toxicity or genetic abnormality), as well as the unmet landscape of the health-care system in search of therapeutic or prevention methods. Evidence that supports Omics as a strategic tool of systemic biology is being used to define the wiring of the molecular circuit in metabolic malfunctions, as well as the evaluation of metabolic modulators such as synthetic drugs, stem cell replacement, and natural secondary metabolites derived from various sources. The link between the nutritional environment and cellular/genetic processes is referred to as nutritional genomics or Nutrigenomics. Its goal is to figure out how nutrition affects a person's genes and health. Nutrigenomics strives to give a genetic understanding of how common food ingredients (i.e., nutrition) modify the expression or structure of an individual's genetic makeup, hence affecting the balance of health and sickness. Furthermore, enhancing detection capabilities from patient clinical samples and monitoring illness progression in reserve populations, who may be at a higher risk of disease susceptibility due to numerous micro- and macro-environmental variables, remains a preventative thread in public health informatics. By utilising the omics platform, which includes epigenetics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, transcriptomics, pharmacogenomics, and genomics, molecular-based detection systems can forecast evolving disease in terms of key molecule modifications that may contribute to disease pathogenesis and reflect heredity, such as quantitative trait loci, polymorphism, and epigenetic modification. Furthermore, a customised or personalised approach to treating metabolic disease could be applied by building a person's health algorithm in conjunction with a molecular chain-based surveillance and prevention system. To encourage effective biomarker discoveries in the field of molecular therapy and early detection target molecules in obesity, early diagnostic tools as a potential strategy has inspired us in clinical validation and assessment to improve prevention/treatment outcomes for a better translation medicine process. In this short review, we aim to better understand the interaction and connectivity between risks and metabolic disorders like obesity by utilising the molecular drive platform that OMICS technologies are worthy of developing a clinical assessment with regard to diagnosing, predicting, and treating metabolic disease chains (i.e., initiation, progress, and determination) and defining causative molecule-based wiring on host defence machinery after exposure to various unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown Nutrigenomics, as a crucial strategical method to detecting genetic variation or disclosing faults of the host defence system in metabolic disorders, can be used not only to assess one's risk for obesity, but also to treat obesity through the creation of individualised diet regimens.

Author(s) Details:

S. Bartley
Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY 10595, USA.

H. H. Cho,
College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jiju Daero 501, Jinju-City, Gyeongsangnamdo, 660-701, Korea.


D. E. Heck,
Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY 10595, USA.


J. H. Cho,
College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jiju Daero 501, Jinju-City, Gyeongsangnamdo, 660-701, Korea.


H. D. Kim,
Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY 10595, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V4/article/view/6049