Chromatin Diminution and C-value Enigma | Chapter 6 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 3

This work considers non-genic DNA as an element of the genome that allows regulating the frequency of recombination processes during evolution, which allows a species to find the optimal genotype variant corresponding to environmental conditions. From this point of view, chromatin diminution is a special case of genome size change, during which the genome of somatic line cells in multicellular organisms or the somatic nucleus in Protozoa is reduced. A model of the origin of chromatin diminution in cyclops and the role of chromatin diminution in speciation are considered.

 

Author (s) Details

Andrey Grishanin
Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences 152742, Borok Yaroslavl Prov., Russia and Department of Biophisics, Faculty of Natural and Engineering Sciences, Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Prov., Russia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v3/2423

Diversity and Clinical Significance of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci: A Review of Identification, Virulence Factors & Drug Resistance | Chapter 11 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 4

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are normal flora of human skin and mucous membranes, they have previously been considered nonpathogenic or contaminant having little clinical significance. CoNS are gram-positive, nonmotile, non-sporeforming cocci. CoNS have gained more importance as a pathogenic organism in recent years as a causative organism for infections in both humans and animals. CONS are mostly prevalent in immunocompromised patients, critically ill patients and patients having invasive medical devices. This study provides a comprehensive review of the understanding of microbiological profile, identification method and virulence factors associated with different Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) species.

 

The incidence of CoNS varied across different geographic locations in humans and animals. Also, there are varying antibiotic resistance patterns observed in CoNS species, with high methicillin resistance and cross-resistance against many antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Staphylococcus xylosus are the most commonly reported species in various studies. Various virulence factors in CONS are responsible for enhanced pathogenicity. In addition to virulence factors, the presence of many antibiotic-resistant genes found in CoNS is concerning and complicates treatment. Because of advancements in diagnostic techniques understanding of molecular mechanisms of CONS pathogenicity is possible.  Recent advances in identification and typing methods and virulence screening methods will help to assess the true pathogenic potential of CoNS species. Future research should explore novel disinfection techniques, improved hand hygiene compliance strategies, and alternative antimicrobial agents to combat CoNS infection.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Suvarna Sande
Department of Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Wanadongri, Nagpur, DMIHER (DU), India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v4/4760

Evolution | Book Publisher International

 "Evolving Horizons" is a captivating exploration of the intricate tapestry of evolutionary theory, offering readers a panoramic view of life's unfolding drama on Earth. From the primordial seas to the bustling ecosystems of today, this book delves deep into the mechanisms, patterns, and implications of evolution, drawing upon a wealth of scientific research and historical insights.

Spanning centuries of intellectual inquiry, the narrative begins with the pioneering work of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, whose groundbreaking ideas laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology. Through the lens of natural selection, genetic variation, and ecological interactions, readers are introduced to the dynamic processes that shape the diversity of life forms, from the microscopic world of microbes to the majestic realms of whales and redwoods.

The fossil record serves as a window into the past, revealing the dramatic episodes of evolutionary change that have sculpted Earth's history. From the enigmatic creatures of the Cambrian Explosion to the rise and fall of ancient civilizations, the story of evolution unfolds against the backdrop of geological time, highlighting the resilience and adaptability of living organisms in the face of environmental upheaval.

As the narrative unfolds, readers are guided through the intricacies of speciation, convergent evolution, and coevolution, gaining insights into the remarkable strategies that organisms employ to survive and thrive in diverse habitats. From the dazzling displays of courtship in birds of paradise to the biochemical innovations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the book showcases the endless creativity of evolution in action.

Moreover, "Evolving Horizons" explores the practical implications of evolutionary theory in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and conservation, demonstrating how an understanding of evolutionary principles can inform strategies for disease management, crop breeding, and ecosystem restoration.

With its engaging narrative, vivid illustrations, and thought-provoking insights, "Evolving Horizons" invites readers on a transformative journey through the depths of evolutionary theory, inspiring a deeper appreciation for the wonders of life's enduring journey on Earth. Whether novice or expert, this book offers something for every curious mind, illuminating the interconnectedness of all living beings and the timeless beauty of evolution's unfolding saga.

Author(s) Details:

Nayan K. Prasad,
Department of Zoology, R.R.M. Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

Kumari Shachi,
Department of Zoology, K.S. College, Laheriasarai, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga-846004, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EVOLUTION/article/view/13652

Some Heavy Metals Speciation and Bioavailability in Agricultural Soils Used for Cultivating Various Vegetables | Chapter 12 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

 Vegetables grown in polluted soils with unregulated agrochemical applications may contain heavy metals. Because farmers used too many agrochemicals, this could happen in vegetables grown in Bedugul's agricultural soils. To consider metals transfer to vegetables, a speciation and bioavailability approach had to be studied. The purpose of this research was to determine the speciation and bioavailability of certain heavy metals in agricultural soils in Bedugul, Bali. used to cultivate a wide range of vegetables The sample was subjected to wet digestion and sequential extraction procedures prior to metal detection by AAS. According to the findings, the average amounts of Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Zn in the soils were 38.531, 132.126, 7.689, 15.952, and 147.275 mg/kg, respectively. The highest concentrations of Pb and Zn were found in lettuce-growing soil, Cd and Cr in tomato-growing soil, and Cu in potato-growing soil. Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr speciation were found to be primarily associated with the Fe-Mn oxides fraction, whereas Zn was found to be primarily associated with the EFLE (easily, freely, leachable, and exchangeable) fractions. Cr was the most bioavailable. Cu had the lowest concentration of the metals tested in the soils.

Author(s) Details

Dr. I. Made Siaka,
Chemistry Department, Maths and Sciences Faculty, Bukit Campus, Jimbaran-Bali, Indonesia.

Emmy Sahara
Chemistry Department, Maths and Sciences Faculty, Bukit Campus, Jimbaran-Bali, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V10/article/view/1569