Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are normal flora of human skin and mucous membranes, they have previously been considered nonpathogenic or contaminant having little clinical significance. CoNS are gram-positive, nonmotile, non-sporeforming cocci. CoNS have gained more importance as a pathogenic organism in recent years as a causative organism for infections in both humans and animals. CONS are mostly prevalent in immunocompromised patients, critically ill patients and patients having invasive medical devices. This study provides a comprehensive review of the understanding of microbiological profile, identification method and virulence factors associated with different Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) species.
The incidence of CoNS varied across different geographic locations
in humans and animals. Also, there are varying antibiotic resistance patterns
observed in CoNS species, with high methicillin resistance and cross-resistance
against many antibiotics. Staphylococcus
epidermidis, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Staphylococcus xylosus are the
most commonly reported species in various studies. Various virulence factors in
CONS are responsible for enhanced pathogenicity. In addition to virulence
factors, the presence of many antibiotic-resistant genes found in CoNS is
concerning and complicates treatment. Because of advancements in diagnostic
techniques understanding of molecular mechanisms of CONS pathogenicity is
possible. Recent advances in
identification and typing methods and virulence screening methods will help to
assess the true pathogenic potential of CoNS species. Future research should
explore novel disinfection techniques, improved hand hygiene compliance
strategies, and alternative antimicrobial agents to combat CoNS infection.
Author
(s) Details
Suvarna Sande
Department of Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Wanadongri,
Nagpur, DMIHER (DU), India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v4/4760
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