Radiolographic Study on Dentition of Goat (Capra hircus) During the Prenatal Development| Chapter 4 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 8

 

The present study was planned to generate scientific baseline data on prenatal development of teeth in goat. The mammalian dentition is classified as heterodont dentition because the teeth develop differently in each region of the mouth according to their use and are grouped into incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. For the present investigation, a total of 42 representative goat fetuses were taken and they were prepared for incisor block and hemisections of head. After preparation, they were radiographed in dorso-ventral and latero-medial projection, respectively. The sequential progression of development of deciduous incisors was found as Di1, Di2, Di3, Di4. The beginning of crown formation was detected at the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th week for Di1, Di2, Di3 and Di4 in goat fetuses, respectively. The complete crown formation and beginning of root formation were detected at 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st weeks for Di1, Di2, Di3 and Di4, respectively. All deciduous incisor teeth had roots at different stages of development at full term, but none had fully developed. The current investigation found bilateral symmetry in the development of the goat fetuses' deciduous incisor teeth. No radiological evidence was found to support the development of permanent incisor teeth in the upper and lower jaw or upper deciduous incisors. The scientific baseline data generated from the present study on various radiographic developmental stages of deciduous incisor teeth could be utilized as a guideline to estimate age in goat fetuses from the 12th week to full term. The present investigation revealed bilateral symmetry in deciduous incisor teeth development in goat fetuses. There was no any radiographic indication for development of upper deciduous incisors as well as permanent incisor teeth in the upper and lower jaw.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Joshi N. H
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India.

Patel K. B
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India.

Desai M. C.
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India.

Raval S. H.
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India.

Parmar R. S.
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India.

Chudasama M. M.
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v8/8268E

Clinicopathological Variations of Glandular Odontogenic Cyst | Chapter 9 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 6

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon locally aggressive developmental cyst of the jaw with epithelial as well as glandular characteristics. Gardner et al. termed it as GOC. Clinically they are asymptomatic slow-growing swelling but in a few cases, pain and paraesthesia have been noted. The anterior mandible is the most affected site with a slight male predilection. The highest prevalence is seen in the 5th and 6th decades of life. Radiographically, it may appear as an unilocular or multilocular radiolucency, with well-defined margins. Histologically, GOC reveals a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelial lining with focal thickenings, micro cysts, and mucous cells, eosinophilic cuboidal or columnar cells (hobnail cells) with subepithelial connective tissue. Due to the overlapping of clinical and radiographic features, it can be misdiagnosed with other lesions like dentigerous cysts, lateral periodontal cysts, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. For the proper diagnosis and treatment confirmed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers and molecular studies are needed. The treatment for GOC includes curettage, enucleation, or marsupialization depending on the aggressiveness of the lesion.

 

Author (s) Details

Varsha Deokar
GDC & H Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v6/2307

 

Performing Shielding Calculations for Diagnostic Radiology Based on NCRP Report 147 Methodology: A Review | Chapter 13 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 The purpose of this work to provide a comprehensive review and effective tool for performing shielding calculations for diagnostic radiology reliably, cost-effective and a timesaving since the shielding is the most effective element in diagnostic radiology safety design. The recommendations of National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 49, which has been the main reference for the structural radiation shielding design of diagnostic X-ray facilities for a while, are most frequently used in structural radiation shielding calculations for X-ray diagnostic facilities. The NCRP Report 49 calculating technique has undergone numerous changes over time, rendering it virtually useless because it did not take into account developments in radiology technology. With the publication of NCRP Report No. 147, the approach was corrected by giving shielding designers the ability to, in part, specify efficient barriers to diagnostic radiation settings. The NCRP Report 147 methodology for calculating radiation shielding requirements depend greatly on the shielding design goals (P) where a proposed design limit for controlled and uncontrolled areas is reduced to NCRP Report 49 levels. Further, the methodology most likely uses the concept of “dose constraint” in radiation installations as shielding design goals for the purpose of safety and protection optimization for occupational workers and the public. The previous NCRP Report 49 uses a very conservative approach in the assumption and methodology, which in return yielded with barriers much thicker than what is required in diagnostic facilities.

In this context, Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR), the nuclear and radiological regulator for the United Arab Emirates, recently published software which developed by authors for performing radiation shielding calculations based on an algebraic computation model and the given fitting factors provided by NCRP Report No. 147. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), has taken interest to independently validate the codes of the software; and praise the functionality of the tool. The software performs shielding calculations in an effective, easy, and reliable way while being a cost-effective and a timesaving tool. The shielding is the most efficient component in an X-ray design because there are typically some time and distance restrictions because of the nature of diagnostic operations. The conservative assumptions made in the computation, such as neglecting attenuation by the patient and image receptor, overestimating the workload, occupancy, and field size, may result in actual dose values to persons being lower than dosage values.

Author(s) Details:

Mustafa Majali,
Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation, P.O.Box 112021, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Ali Al Remeithi,
Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation, P.O.Box 112021, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V3/article/view/8387

How to Reduce Radiation Exposure in the Follow-up of Patients with Scoliosis | Chapter 14 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 During their development, scoliosis patients are subjected to several x-ray investigations. While the need for x-rays during routine check-ups when clinical measurements are taken can be minimised (ATR, Surface Topography), the sensitivity of children and adolescents with scoliosis cannot be prevented because indications and check-ups also depend on the measurement of the Cobb angle on a complete standing x-ray. As a result, it would make sense to greatly minimise this patient group's exposure to radiation. The reduction of exposure is one way to minimise radiation.

The reduction of the diagnostic area is the other choice. The aim of this study was to see whether a single 45 x 45 cm detector from a DR device could be used to diagnose and follow up on adolescent girls with scoliosis.

Materials and Methods: A total of 32 consecutive standing x-rays of girls aged 10 to 14 were examined to see whether enough information was provided for diagnosis and follow-up of the patients using a single 45 x 45 cm detector from a DR device.

Ground plate Th1 was clearly visible in 31% of the cases, ground plate Th2 in 56%, and ground plate Th3 in 88% of the cases. In 100% of those tested, major curvatures (thoracic and lumbar) were fully visible. In 100% of cases, Risser 3 or 4 would have been (or has been) found.

Conclusion: Adolescent girls with scoliosis can be followed and diagnosed using a DR device with a 45 x 45 cm detector for direct radiography with a dramatic reduction in the diagnostic area. The exposure to radiation of children and adolescents with scoliosis can be drastically reduced by reducing the diagnostic area (window) and the exposure period. Expanding the field size to a level higher than Th3 is rarely required for proper diagnosis and follow-up.

Author (s) Details

Hans-Rudolf Weiss
Schroth Best Practice Academy, Neu-Bamberg, Germany.

Sarah Seibel
Department of Radiology, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Mittelmosel, Zell-Barl, Germany.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V11/article/view/893