Personalised Medicine: From Genomics to 3D-Printed Pharmaceuticals | Chapter 1 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 1

 

Personalised medicine (PM) is a patient-specific approach to treatment that integrates genetic, epigenomic, and clinical data. PM has the potential to transform traditional medical practice by tailoring therapies to individual genetic profiles. The significant advantages and limitations must be carefully considered. Manufacturers are using drug repurposing, biomarker-driven R&D, and collaborations with diagnostics and IT sectors. Personalised medicine not only enhances therapeutic precision but also advances preventive care through polygenic risk scores and early biomarker detection. The integration of digital health tools, including wearables and telemedicine, further supports patient-specific monitoring. Real-world examples, such as FDA-approved targeted therapies and CAR-T cells, illustrate its transformative potential. Innovations such as CRISPR-based interventions, AI-driven decision support, and personalised vaccines are highlighted. Liquid biopsy, single-cell omics, artificial intelligence, and healthcare digitalisation, further supporting its implementation, are cutting-edge tools. The Quality by Design (QbD) principles for safe, consistent, and effective production of personalised 3D-printed tablets have been explained. Critical material attributes (CMAs), critical process parameters (CPPs), and critical quality attributes (CQAs) together enable regulatory-compliant manufacturing by ensuring drug dosage accuracy, content uniformity, dissolution control, and robust production conditions. Beyond treatment, it raises ethical considerations related to data privacy and equitable access. Although cost-intensive, it reduces long-term healthcare burdens by minimising adverse reactions.

 

 

Author(s) Details

B. Navya Sree
Arya College of Pharmacy, India.

 

Saif Bin Salim
Arya College of Pharmacy, India.

 

Mohd Abdul Kareem
Arya College of Pharmacy, India.

 

M. Srikanth
Arya College of Pharmacy, India.

 

 

AVS Rajeswari
Department of Pharmaceutics, Arya College of Pharmacy, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v1/6352

 

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Genetics | Book Publisher International

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionised various scientific domains, with genetics emerging as a particularly transformative field. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Genetics offers a comprehensive exploration of how AI methodologies are reshaping genetic research and healthcare. Beginning with foundational concepts, the book provides an overview of AI's integration into biological sciences, emphasising its pivotal role in handling and interpreting vast and complex genetic datasets. Key chapters delve into the use of machine learning in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), gene expression profiling, and personalised genomic medicine, showcasing practical implementations and ground-breaking discoveries. Deep learning techniques and their applications in predictive modelling and variant interpretation are examined in detail, underscoring the growing sophistication of AI tools in genetics. The book also addresses critical challenges, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and ethical considerations, while outlining potential future directions for AI-driven genetic research. This interdisciplinary volume is intended for researchers, practitioners, and students seeking to understand and contribute to the dynamic intersection of artificial intelligence and genetics.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. D. Udaya Kumar
Human Genetics Department, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Dr. Rooth Vasantha Medapati
Human Genetics Department, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Prof. Saritha Medapati
Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-45-8

TargetSNPdb: A Database of Preliminary Analysis Data of the Impact of nsSNPs on Drug Targets, Drug-metabolizing Enzymes, and Disease-associated Genes in Humans |Chapter 10 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 7

Aims: Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) are variations in DNA that can affect protein structure and function and are known to cause various diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. For instance, changing glutamic acid to valine in the hemoglobin beta gene leads to sickle cell anemia. nsSNPs found in genes associated with drug targets or drug-metabolizing enzymes can influence how individuals respond to drugs and their susceptibility to certain diseases. Understanding nsSNPs is essential for comprehending how genetic variations impact protein functionality and contribute to disease onset, which is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions. Using computational tools to analyse protein sequence and structure data significantly increases the prediction efficiency of the impact caused by these nsSNPs.

Methods: The analysis results obtained from several computational tools (such as SIFT, PolyPhen, AutoDock, and GROMACS) relevant to the study of the impact of amino acid residue substitutions were integrated into existent information records from the literature and genetic association databases. These tools enable the combination of results from a variety of different approaches to evaluate the potential impact of nsSNPs on protein function.

Results: We have developed TargetSNPdb, a comprehensive database that contains computational predictions of the structural and functional impact of nsSNPs in human protein-coding genes, including drug target and drug-metabolizing enzyme-encoding genes.

Conclusion: TargetSNPdb provides nsSNP data, disease associations, and drug information. Molecular modeling helps understand genetic variations, drug responses, and diseases. Potential applications of TargetSNPdb include prioritising nsSNPs for association and experimental studies.

 

Author (s) Details

Sergio Amorim de Alencar
Departamento de Química, Chemoinformatics Group - NEQUIM, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte – M.G., 31270-901, Brazil.

 

Eduardo Campos Santos
Departamento de Química, Chemoinformatics Group - NEQUIM, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte – M.G., 31270-901, Brazil.

 

Andrelly Martins-José
Departamento de Química, Chemoinformatics Group - NEQUIM, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

 

Vera Lucia de Almeida
Departamento de Química, Chemoinformatics Group - NEQUIM, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil and Serviço de Fitoquímica e Prospecção Farmacêutica, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

 

Julio Cesar Dias Lopes
Departamento de Química, Chemoinformatics Group - NEQUIM, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v7/2969

Strategies for Studying Antiviral Activity of Natural Products: From Screening to Mechanism Elucidation | Chapter 1 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 4

The discovery and development of antiviral agents from natural products have gained significant attention owing to the increasing prevalence of viral infections and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. This chapter explores various strategies for studying antiviral natural products, focusing on methodologies for virus quantification, the design of biosensors for specific targets and approaches for investigating natural products that may impact multiple stages of the viral cycle. Traditional screening methods, such as plaque assays and quantitative PCR, are discussed along with innovative techniques, such as reporter systems and sensor design. This chapter also discusses the design and development of innovative methods for studying specific viral proteins and processes that are essential for viral production. Bioinformatics approaches, such as docking analysis and network pharmacology, are powerful tools for identifying potential inhibitors and elucidating the complex mechanisms of action of natural products. By combining traditional virology techniques with innovative screening methodologies and bioinformatics approaches, researchers can exploit the vast potential of natural products to combat viral infections and accelerate the discovery and development of effective antiviral therapies.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Pablo Hernán Sotelo
Biotechnology Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay.

 

Arturo Vargas-Correa
Biotechnology Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v4/4496

Bioinformatics-driven Approaches in Modern Drug Design and Development | Chapter 7 | Innovations in Science and Technology: Shaping a Sustainable Future (Vol. 1)

Bioinformatics serves as the comprehensive solution for addressing various challenges in drug design, encompassing issues such as high costs, staffing needs, technical expertise requirements, regulatory constraints, and time limitations. Despite significant investments in financial and human resources, drug development endeavours often fall short of achieving market success. The genomic sequence generated by bioinformatics is pivotal, expediting gene identification for scientists. Traditional drug development processes are not only costly and time-consuming but also prone to failure. Industry observers emphasize the importance of streamlining drug development and discovery to uphold pharmaceutical companies & profitability and productivity. Numerous fields are included in bioinformatics, such as population genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, genomic analysis, and molecular phylogenetics. Within the process of drug discovery, the persons working in the field of bioinformatics leverage molecular data having high throughput to compare symptomatic subjects against normal controls, aiming to establish connections between disease symptoms and various genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Key objectives include identifying drug targets, refining drug candidates, and assessing potential drug resistance and environmental impacts. As a data-driven field, bioinformatics continually evolves, adapting databases and algorithms to novel data types. Its applications are vital for predicting biomolecules supporting treatment, prevention, and mechanisms of action against infectious diseases, utilizing tools to analyze biological data from diverse omics fields. Moreover, bioinformatics methodologies facilitate experimental molecular biology by extracting meaningful insights from extensive raw data, particularly in genetics, where it aids in genome sequencing, annotation, and visualization of mutations. Additionally, bioinformatics enables the storage, management, and prediction of drug targets, laying the groundwork for further research to solidify links between targets and diseases. Overall, bioinformatics empowers computers to genetic interactions, and handle pathways, structures, sequences and functions, shaping the forefront of biological research and drug discovery.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Ripu Daman
Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India.

 

Ripu Daman
Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-973809-6-9/CH7

Bioinformatic Approaches and Their Applications in Sericulture | Chapter 5 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

Bioinformatics, the fusion of biology, computer science, and information technology, has become indispensable for comprehending and managing the immense biological data generated by modern molecular techniques. This review explores the significance of bioinformatics in sericulture, focusing on its applications in silkworm (Bombyx mori) and host plant research. Numerous online databases, including SilkDB, KAIKObase, SilkBase, and MorusDB, have been established to organize and provide access to genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data for silkworms, mulberry, and associated organisms. Bioinformatic analyses have facilitated the identification of genes conferring desirable traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and olfactory modulation in silkworms and host plants. Case studies exemplify the utility of bioinformatics in unraveling the defense mechanisms of the silkworm cocoon and tracing horizontal gene transfer events during evolution. The integration of bioinformatics tools has accelerated research progress, enabling informed decision-making for the enhancement of silkworm health, productivity, and the overall sericulture industry. As sericulture in Assam and India possesses immense potential with four distinct silkworm varieties, the strategic application of bioinformatics is crucial for leveraging next-generation sequencing data to drive advancements in this field.

Author(s) Details:

Dipankar Brahma,
Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam-641301, India.

Nilav Ranjan Bora,
Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam-641301, India.

Rushali Chakraborty,
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, AAU, Jorhat 785013, India.

Jugabrat Sarma,
Department of Sericulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam 783350, India.

Abhigyan Rajhowa,
Department of Sericulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam 783350, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMAB-V2/article/view/14120

A Case Study on Activin Gene in Avian Species | Chapter 3 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 8

The present study aimed at carrying out an In silico analysis of activin gene in guinea fowl and in some avian species, thereby providing the basis for the use of activin or its downstream target gene for the improvement of impaired wound healing, and of activin antagonists for the prevention and treatment of fibrosis and of malignant tumors that over express activin. Among the avian species, understanding the roles of activin happens to be a dominant challenge in the genetic evolution due to its complexity in nature. As a sedentary bird, guinea fowl is more susceptible to local selection processes and needs a proper genetic study for conservation. The current study lays the groundwork for the use of activin antagonists to treat and prevent fibrosis and end malignant tumors that overexpress activin, as well as activin or its target genes to enhance defective wound healing. The data offered will function as a foundational instrument for more extensive genetic diversity investigations aimed at identifying important genes and genetic resources for poultry breeding programs. This study was done by retrieving hundred (100) nucleotides and amino acid sequences of activin gene belonging to guinea fowl and other avians from the GeneBank, aligning the sequences using BLASTp determined the percent identity and phylogenetic relationship of the activin gene of guinea fowl and other avians. The shortest ACTIVIN nucleotide sequence (467bp) was observed in chicken and the longest (39896445) in duck. Using the comparative sequence analysis, it was observed that ACTIVIN gene of chickens, turkey and guinea fowl shared percent identity ranging from 91 to 95%. The percent identity reflects degree of relatedness of species. Although closely related (90%) in ancestral line, the Activin gene of guinea fowl and quail cannot be compared with guinea fowl-turkey (95%) nor guinea fowl-chicken (90%), in both biological functions and evolutionary relationship. Genetic diversity is useful especially for selecting animals with high reproductive efficiency and fertility potential which are most preferred by ranchers. Diversity in activin gene may lead to variation in the expression of function with avians having more of such variation. Finally, the percent identity and similarity in function of ACTIVIN gene of guinea fowl, turkey, and chicken were in the range of 93-100%, indicating that activin gene of avians possesses similar functions, well conserved and are very effective in performing functions like increasing FSH bindings, FSH-induced aromatization, improves wound healing and enhances scar formation, regulates morphogenesis of branching organs, enhances ovarian folliculogenesis. The study therefore, recommends farmers to select and breed for activin gene in order to promote reproductive efficiency, thereby barricading species extinction.

Author(s) Details:

C. M. Ikele,
Integrated Germline Biology Group Laboratory, Osaka University, Japan.

I. S. Ahamba,
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, China.

M. Egom,
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

C. U. Ekugba,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

C. E. Awaogu,
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, Northwest University, Mmabatho, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V8/article/view/13288

Digital Health: A Paradigm Shift in Healthcare Management | Chapter 5 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

The objective of this chapter is to explore the transformative impact of digitization on healthcare, aiming to improve patient outcomes and streamline medical processes. Healthcare, fundamentally focused on preserving and enhancing human health, has embraced digital technologies to revolutionize its landscape. The integration of binary language and information technology into healthcare practices has ushered in a new era of innovation. We delve into various facets of this digital revolution, highlighting its substantial contributions across diverse domains. Advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI and CAT scans, now leverage complex algorithms to process vast sensor-generated data. These algorithms yield actionable images, enhancing diagnostic precision while minimizing patient risks in robotic surgeries. Bioinformatics, with its capabilities in sequence analysis, genome annotation, and gene expression analysis, plays a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of human biology and disease. Meanwhile, health informatics has revolutionized how we acquire, store, retrieve, and utilize healthcare data, facilitating groundbreaking achievements such as rapid and cost-effective DNA sequencing. The benefits of DNA sequencing extend beyond imagination, including personalized medicine, targeted cancer therapy, and insights into previously enigmatic medical conditions. Moreover, the amalgamation of digital technologies has given rise to Public Health Informatics, a field dedicated to enhancing public health practice, research, and education.  This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the myriad information technology tools and their application in healthcare, shedding light on the transformative potential that digitization holds for the future of medical care.

Author(s) Details:

Rupesh Rastogi,
Department of Business Administration, Azad Technical Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V8/article/view/12184 

In Silico Prediction and 3D Model Analysis of Potential Epitope of Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) Gallus gallus as Candidate Biomarkers for Poultry Meat Quality Tests| Chapter 8 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

The major goal of this study was to look for possible heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) epitopes in chickens (Gallus gallus). The epitopes are crucial for developing a vaccination that will generate antibodies against HSP70, which can then be utilised as biomarkers to evaluate HSP70 expression. There is a link between HSP70, which indicates the presence of stresses, and meat quality, according to other studies. Physical, chemical, and biological stresses can reduce the quality of bird meat before, during, and after broiler slaughter. The discovery of a possible biomarker for HSP70 will be extremely useful in determining the quality of poultry meat. In this work, the HSP70 sequences of Gallus gallus were analysed in silico to look for possible epitopes as biomarkers. The approach employed was a bioinformatics-related software-based method. Two putative biomarker candidate peptides related to HSP70, AILMGDKSENVQD and ISWLDRNQMAEKEEYEHKQKELEK, were obtained from this investigation. These epitopes can also be used to create a three-dimensional model. More study is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of these two indicators in vivo.

Author(s) Details:

Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede,
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia.

Budi Indarsih,
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia.

I Ketut Gede Wiryawan,
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia.

Muhamad Hasil Tamsil,
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia.

. Maskur,
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V5/article/view/6983

Recent Advancements on the Application of Biotechnology towards Diagnosis and Treatment in Veterinary Medicine in Africa: Potentials and Future Developments | Chapter 13 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 In many fields of medicine, biotechnology is an already proven method, but its implementation in the field of veterinary medicine has only begun to emerge with the potential to revolutionise veterinary practise. Therefore, this paper reviews existing biotechnology applications in veterinary medicine for diagnosis and treatment in Africa, including: molecular gene cloning, development of vaccines derived from recombinant biotechnology, application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), polymerase chain reaction polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and bioinformatics for infectious and parasitic disease detection, gene therapy, disease diagnosis and delivery systems of care, and many more. These components exist in other parts of the world and are thus presumed to be consolidated in the near future as a private enterprise in the African distribution system. Although it is sensible to postulate that the application of biotechnology and its peculiar evolution will change veterinary medicine imminently, there is immense treatment, Among industry stakeholders, this latest scientific advance may be hampered by food health and safety and other civil and ethical issues. The ethical problems that include the Three Rs principle (Reduction of animal population, Refinement of enactments and farm management to minimise affliction and desperation, Substitution of animals with non-animal surrogate where possible. There is detailed consideration of restrictions on the application of veterinary practises. This research has implications for the potential revolutionization of veterinary practise and the rise in human consumption of protein sources. Finally, it is hoped that biotechnology will vigorously contribute to the progress of diagnosis in veterinary medicine in the immediate future. Therefore, this will include resources and biomarkers for an exceptional understanding of the processes involved in the propagation of epidemics in livestock.

Author(s) Details

B. R. Mohammed
School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, UK.

Prof. S. K. Malang
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

Prof. S. Mailafia
Department of Microbiology, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

Prof. R. I. S. Agbede

Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/359

PR-DFT: A Review of the Computational Approach in Prediction of Eukaryotic Promoter Regions | Chapter 6 | Current Research Trends in Biological Science Vol. 3

Identification of promoters is of great significance for determining transcription site, finding protein
coding regions and annotating the functional structures of genes. Computational prediction of
promoters and subsequent identification of transcriptional site is most sought after research area in
biological science. This communication discusses PR-DFT, a simple algorithm with high specificity
and sensitivity for determining promoter regions in human genomic sequences. This computational
method relies upon non-redundant and experimentally verified promoter data sets form Eukaryotic
Promoter Database (EPD) as training parameters. This technique predicts and computationally
satisfies the promoter regions in the NCBI annotated database around gene sequences.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Quazi Mohmmad Alfred
Aliah University, Kolkata, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/216