Personalised Medicine: From Genomics to 3D-Printed Pharmaceuticals | Chapter 1 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 1

 

Personalised medicine (PM) is a patient-specific approach to treatment that integrates genetic, epigenomic, and clinical data. PM has the potential to transform traditional medical practice by tailoring therapies to individual genetic profiles. The significant advantages and limitations must be carefully considered. Manufacturers are using drug repurposing, biomarker-driven R&D, and collaborations with diagnostics and IT sectors. Personalised medicine not only enhances therapeutic precision but also advances preventive care through polygenic risk scores and early biomarker detection. The integration of digital health tools, including wearables and telemedicine, further supports patient-specific monitoring. Real-world examples, such as FDA-approved targeted therapies and CAR-T cells, illustrate its transformative potential. Innovations such as CRISPR-based interventions, AI-driven decision support, and personalised vaccines are highlighted. Liquid biopsy, single-cell omics, artificial intelligence, and healthcare digitalisation, further supporting its implementation, are cutting-edge tools. The Quality by Design (QbD) principles for safe, consistent, and effective production of personalised 3D-printed tablets have been explained. Critical material attributes (CMAs), critical process parameters (CPPs), and critical quality attributes (CQAs) together enable regulatory-compliant manufacturing by ensuring drug dosage accuracy, content uniformity, dissolution control, and robust production conditions. Beyond treatment, it raises ethical considerations related to data privacy and equitable access. Although cost-intensive, it reduces long-term healthcare burdens by minimising adverse reactions.

 

 

Author(s) Details

B. Navya Sree
Arya College of Pharmacy, India.

 

Saif Bin Salim
Arya College of Pharmacy, India.

 

Mohd Abdul Kareem
Arya College of Pharmacy, India.

 

M. Srikanth
Arya College of Pharmacy, India.

 

 

AVS Rajeswari
Department of Pharmaceutics, Arya College of Pharmacy, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v1/6352

 

Dynamic 3D-Printed Anatomical Models for ENT Surgical Planning: A Comprehensive Review | Chapter 5 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 10

 

Dynamic 3D-printed anatomical models are rapidly transforming otorhinolaryngology by providing high-fidelity, patient-specific tools for surgical planning, education, and training. Evidence shows that these models replicate complex ENT anatomy with deviations from imaging data of less than 5%, while multi-material printing enhances tactile and visual realism by distinguishing bone, cartilage, and soft tissues. Their use in surgical training has been associated with improved procedural accuracy, trainee confidence, and skill acquisition, offering an ethical and reproducible alternative to cadaveric dissection. In clinical practice, patient-specific models aid preoperative planning, reduce operative duration, refine surgical strategies, and facilitate communication with patients and families. The integration of these models with augmented reality, surgical navigation, and telemedicine platforms has expanded opportunities for global collaboration and remote education. Despite these advantages, challenges persist, including high production costs, limited replication of tissue biomechanics, lack of standardised evaluation metrics, and sustainability concerns. Nevertheless, advances in bioprinting, smart materials, and digital integration hold promise to overcome current barriers and further strengthen their role in ENT surgical practice.

 

Author(s) Details

Shrikrishna B H
Department of ENT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, India.

 

Deepa G
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v10/6209

Analysis of Prototypes of Alternative Masks to the KN95 Mouth and Nose Cover | Chapter 6 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 1

 

After the outbreak of the SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and its rapid evolution of the virus, various health services in the city collapsed and resources were not sufficient to meet the demand due to the growing number of infections that occurred, the lack of face masks, gloves, disinfection liquid, and facial protection masks. Various types of materials and components have been synthesized to assemble respirator-type masks as alternatives to the KN-95 face mask, aiming for stability and durability. The fabrication of the prototype components was done using additive manufacturing (3D printing), with variations in injection thickness, height, printing time, clamping method, and infill density. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to perform morphological analysis, both superficially and cross-sectionally. The degree of filtration of the filters and the mask was determined by a physical test that simulated a human sneeze. The biological characterization was carried out in situ using culture media and observing the growth of pathogenic organisms. The results show the effectiveness of a mask like KN-95 in both biological and physical aspects, as well as greater durability and respect for the environment. KN-95 facemask and the proposed mask are effective due to the number of layers they have, their thickness (greater than 2400 micrometers), and the porosity formed (10 to 15 micrometers) by fibers.  Further research needs to continue for better materials and designs to obtain more efficient and cheaper prototypes and, in this way, jointly contribute a key product to Oaxacan and Mexican society in this contingency due to COVID-19.

 

Author (s) details:-

 

Gerardo Silva-Montes
Industrial Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Avenida Ing. Víctor Bravo Ahuja No. 125 Esquina Calzada Tecnológico, (951)5015016 C.P. 68030, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.

 

Atalia Luna-Perez
Industrial Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Avenida Ing. Víctor Bravo Ahuja No. 125 Esquina Calzada Tecnológico, (951)5015016 C.P. 68030, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.

 

Martha Hilaria Bartolo-Alemán
Industrial Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Avenida Ing. Víctor Bravo Ahuja No. 125 Esquina Calzada Tecnológico, (951)5015016 C.P. 68030, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.

 

Sarai Maria Martínez-Mendoza
Industrial Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Avenida Ing. Víctor Bravo Ahuja No. 125 Esquina Calzada Tecnológico, (951)5015016 C.P. 68030, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.

 

Vicente Morales-Castillo
Industrial Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Avenida Ing. Víctor Bravo Ahuja No. 125 Esquina Calzada Tecnológico, (951)5015016 C.P. 68030, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.

 

Danny Adolfo Cordova-Mireles
Industrial Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Avenida Ing. Víctor Bravo Ahuja No. 125 Esquina Calzada Tecnológico, (951)5015016 C.P. 68030, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.

 

Rosa Elena Hernandez-Acevedo
Industrial Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Avenida Ing. Víctor Bravo Ahuja No. 125 Esquina Calzada Tecnológico, (951)5015016 C.P. 68030, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.

 

Luis Humberto Robledo-Taboada
Industrial Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Avenida Ing. Víctor Bravo Ahuja No. 125 Esquina Calzada Tecnológico, (951)5015016 C.P. 68030, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v1/3708G

The Application of 3-D Printing in Nanomedicine | Chapter 13 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 

The most cutting-edge method for producing pharmaceutical dosage forms in recent years has been 3D printing or additive manufacturing. This approach uses advanced technology, like a virtual model, to control the production apparatus and produce the desired dosage form of an actual object. Due to the demand from different sectors of the world for health services and the urgency of controlling the side effects associated with conventional dosage forms, the pharmaceutical industry tries to produce dosage forms in large quantities these days with 3D printing. With this technology, items are designed through layer-by-layer material manufacturing employing layer-based systems of processes, extrusion, ink-jet printing, and laser printing technologies by using various polymers and other suitable excipients. Additionally, the various delivery systems, such as customized drug doses and personalized medicine, as well as other healthcare sectors, demonstrate the potential benefits of 3D technology in delivering personalized therapy to the individual. This overview covers the various methods and how they are used in the production of 3D medicines, as well as the regulatory issues that this industry faces.

Author(s) Details:

Nirmala Rani Tulimelli
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University. Visakhapatnam-530003, India.

Shailaja Pashikanti
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University. Visakhapatnam-530003, India.

Rajeswari Athota
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University. Visakhapatnam-530003, India.

Naga Narayana Lakshmi. P
Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University. Visakhapatnam-530003, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V9/article/view/14379

Novelties in Extrusion Technology | Chapter 6 | Extrusion Technology: Transforming Food Processing

The novel gateways for processing is one of the major developments in extrusion technology. The novelties in functional food processing, the extended application of extrusion through porosification, texturization and 3D printing offer numerous advantages to develop novel food products by extrusion. The supercritical extrusion provides additional advantages over and above the extrusion in terms of expansion, bioactive component stability etc. The low temperature application of an extruder in ice cream making provides novel texture and organoleptic experience in the finished product.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Prerana Shere,
MIT School of Food Technology, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Dr. Rinku Agrawal,
MIT School of Food Technology, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ETTFP/article/view/14300

3D Printing Technology: An Innovative Tool as Teaching Applications for Mathematics, Geometry, Science and Engineering | Chapter 4 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 2

 This member discussed about the part of schools and their responsibility to act as fast as possible to design a plan that will prepare the future citizens to handle this new reality. This demands planning of operation in different directions and on various planes, such as labs, scholars, and curricula.Science and Technology have always happened an integral contained culture. Natural principles, as it was termed in those ancient times, was chased vigorously at organizations of higher knowledge. The world has changed severely as a result of the technical revolution and the automation of production processes. Manufacturing might meet with a revolution on account of three-dimensional (3D) printing, that also has the skill to alter industrial processes because more individuals can produce goods at home.In a current OECD paper, it is stated that “…tapping into the next technical revolution demands actions on many levels and in many different regions. In particular, unlocking the potential of emerging and permissive technologies demands policy development ahead a number of fronts, from commercialization to rule and the supply of skills through education.” The research pattern was based on corresponding between a remark group and a test group; it was found that intervention considerably improved the criticism abilities of 6th grade scholars in mathematics. Higher degrees of artistry, invention, and thinking are necessary for 3D printing. It may help youngsters see numbers, two-spatial forms, and three-dimensional belongings while also fostering human inspiration. It is quite likely that a pupil's arithmetic, geometry, controlled, and engineering capabilities will rise as a result of the merger of thinking, design, and manufacturing. An alternate method of judging the attributes of the items under search is made possible for one measure tool in the CAD order, which again promotes reflection and fault-finding thinking. The most crucial implement for carrying out engineering and research tasks is 3D publication. This chapter offers previous work [1] to grow the scope of the 3D printing requests in education. These endeavors are suitable for most school issues, especially science and electronics. Another important to stress is the that 3d publication activities should be used starting at day care center levels.

Author(s) Details:

M. Huleihil,
The Arab Academic Institute of Education, The Academic Institute Beit-Berl, Kfar Saba 44905, Israel.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V2/article/view/11927

Refurbishing Recent Emerging Technology Trends in Construction Industry| Chapter 10 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 6

 Adoption of current digital revolution technology is necessary today to speed up trade and serves as the foundation for building improvement. Incorporating and undertaking of the technologies in the way that cloud-based communication and cooperation solution, BIM, Construction Management (CM) Software, AR/ VR, 3D publication, Digital Twins, AI, Big Data, IoT, Blockchain, Modular Construction, Offsite Manufacturing, Prefabrication, Robotic, Drones, Mobile Apps and 5G expedite the progress in Construction Industry (CI). The objective concerning this article search out provide the climbing pattern amongst digital electronics trends in explanation which are recognized based on a study completed activity during 2020-2022. Result discloses that number of construction technology currents vary from 4 to 20 for CI, and ultimately reaches to 27 for Civil Engineering (CE). Adoption and implementation of these science trends increases effectiveness and productivity, reduces risks and time, supports higher freedom and green sustainability, and improves the overall commerce. The challenges and solutions are very embracing engaged of construction. Thus, the CI is constantly developing with preliminary of new technologies and these creative technologies show potential in change construction manufacturing operations and provides directions for future projects.

Author(s) Details:

Gayatri Mahajan,
Department of Architecture, Allana College of Architecture, Pune (Maharashtra), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V6/article/view/8956

Scientific Foundation of Real-Time Input-Output Tabulation Method and AI — Organic Combinations and Connections between the Optimal Input-output Planning Model and Automation, Information, Intellectualization, Big Data, New Cloud Computing Technology, Internet of Things or New Internet Industry & AI Technology | Chapter 10 | New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 8

 The application of Big Data, new Cloud Computing technology, Internet of Things or new internet industry, and AI will usher in a massive revolution in human beings based on combinations of automation, information, and intelligence, which will consequently rock the foundations of modern economy, politics, social sciences, management and accounting, and even bring about fundamental changes and development, and thus an era for technology industry will go novelty, i.e. During the Industrial Revolution, the standing of continuous mathematics as a mainstream, represented by calculus, shifted, and the relevance of discrete mathematics was progressively recognised. Many things that currently appear to be conceivable will prove to be impossible in the future, while the seemingly impossible will become achievable. The smooth operation of the national economy can only be directed by the objective law of coordinated development, and thus achieve maximum economic efficiency, if the passive situation of tabulating and interpreting is completely changed under such complicated, constantly changing, and rapidly developing circumstances. The scientific foundation for the real-time input-output tabulation technology and AI is correctly built on the basis of the aforementioned dreaming realisation. This thesis will employ real-time analysis of the optimal input-output planning model and timely analysis of input-output statistics model as examples of how to accomplish the good wish.

Author(S) Details

Ning Kang
Training and Evaluation Centre, Guizhou Power Grid Company, China Southern Power Grid, 550002 Guiyang, China.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIEBM-V8/article/view/6741

Standalone Thermopneumatic Micro Bellows Actuator using 3D Printing Technology | Chapter 10 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 10

 Typical pneumatic soft micro actuators can be created without the use of heavy driving components like pumps and power supplies by using an independent battery-powered mechanism. The fabrication of a thermopneumatically operated soft micro bellows actuator and its experimentally proven standalone operation are presented in this study. Thermopneumatic actuation works by heating a compartment sealed by the actuator's elastomer to increase pressure, which causes the elastomer to deflect. To eliminate leakage, which is prevalent in soft lithography due to individual layer bonding, the bellows actuator was created by casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using a 3D-printed soluble mould method. A heater constructed separately from winding copper wire was inserted into the cavity of the bellows actuator to make a thermopneumatic actuator. The use of both a 3D coil heater and a bellows actuator allowed for fast heat transfer as well as unrestricted movement of the actuator in the desired direction, which is impossible to do with traditional microfabrication. At a voltage of 0.55 V, the manufactured actuator produced a stroke of around 2200 m, or 62 percent of its body length, and exerted a force of roughly 90 mN. The thermopneumatic actuator was also able to demonstrate a repeating freestanding operation using the system consisting of alkaline batteries and a control circuit, rather than the traditional pneumatic operation.

Author(S) Details

Yongha Hwang
Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong Campus, Republic of Korea.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V10/article/view/6515

Determination of Fatigue Characteristics of 3D Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) | Chapter 1 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 4

 The usage of 3D printer technology has recently been important to industries, particularly when it comes to new product development. 3D printing is a technology that uses a layer-by-layer method to create a three-dimensional object or prototype. Because it can efficiently utilise raw resources and produce less waste, 3D printing has the potential to lower prices. However, research into the mechanical performance of 3D printed components is becoming scarce. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the fatigue properties of 3D printed ABS specimens. Because of its wide range of applications, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) has been chosen for material research. 3D printing and moulding specimens are the two types of specimens employed. The specimens were made using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) process. The ASTM D638 standard was used to create the dog bone shape part, and the mechanical qualities were determined by a tensile test. The fatigue test was performed at 40%, 60%, and 80% of the tensile strength, respectively. For all loading percentages, the moulded part has more fatigue cycles than the 3D printed part. Fatigue lifetimes were 911, 2645, and 26948 cycles for 40 percent, 60 percent, and 80 percent, respectively. According to the findings, 3D printed parts have a shorter fatigue life, making them unsuitable for industrial applications. However, by adjusting various parameters, the 3D printed object might be enhanced and used in low-strength applications.

Author(S) Details

M. M. Padzi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaysia France Institute, University Kuala Lumpur, 43650, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

M. M. Bazin
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaysia France Institute, University Kuala Lumpur, 43650, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

W. M. W. Muhamad
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaysia France Institute, University Kuala Lumpur, 43650, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V4/article/view/4793

On the Tensile Strength of ABS Produced by Fused Deposition Modelling Process | Chapter 3 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 12

 In the production of composites, 3D printing is a valuable approach. Parts with high accuracy, cheap cost, and adjustable geometry can be made. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is proven to be the most versatile method for producing thermoplastic composites among the many methods. This method is ideal for creating pieces with delicate detailing and complex shapes. The FDM process is gaining popularity because to its ease of use and low tooling requirements for manufacturing items. The effect of altering raster angle and layer thickness on the tensile characteristics of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene is discussed in this paper (ABS). It is discovered that as layer thickness increases, tensile strength decreases. The maximum tensile strength is recorded in specimens with a raster angle of 60o.

Author (S) Details

Kaushik V. Prasad
Department of Mechanical Engineering, FET – JAIN (Deemed – to be – University), Kanakapura – 562112, Karnataka, India.

J. Deepak
Department of Mechanical Engineering, FET – JAIN (Deemed – to be – University), Kanakapura – 562112, Karnataka, India.

H. Adarsha
Department of Mechanical Engineering, FET – JAIN (Deemed – to be – University), Kanakapura – 562112, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V12/article/view/2595

Dual- and 3-wavelength Controlled Photopolymerization Confinement for 3D-Printing: Kinetics and Analysis | Chapter 10 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 5

 The kinetics and dynamic profiles of monomer conversion for blue-light only, 2-light (red and UV), and 3-light (red, blue, UV) are shown for diverse conditions. Higher oxygen concentration leads to lesser conversion, which can be improved by lowering S-inhibition via pre-irradiation with red or blue light. The conversion rate of the UV-only system is lower than that of the blue-only system. However, dual-light (blue and UV) could boost conversion, and red-light pre-irradiation could boost it even more. N-inhibition and S-inhibition, two competing variables, could be modified separately and selectively to achieve: (i) efficient PC begun by UV-light created N-inhibition for low confinement thickness and high print speed; and (ii) high conversion of blue-light (without UV-light), augmented by red-light pre-irradiation for low S-inhibition. Due to various C=C bond rate constants and conversion efficacies, the UV-light induced inhibitory effect for a dual-wavelength (UV and blue) is substantially monomer-dependent. Without UV light, increased initiator concentration and rate constant lead to higher conversion for a given blue-light intensity. Blue-only conversion is substantially higher than UV-only and UV-blue combination conversion. A tertiary amine co-initiator and butyl nitrite are used in the UV-light controlled methacrylate conversion of a glycidyl dimethacrylate resin, for example. The system is exposed to a continuous blue light, but just an on-off exposure to UV radiation. Finally, we created a theoretical novel finding for the criterion of a good material/candidate, [I₂₀C₂₀]/ [I₁₀C₁₀], which is governed by a double ratio of light intensity and concentration.

Author(s) Details

Jui-Teng Lin
New Vision, Inc. New Taipei City 242 Taiwan, ROC.

Kuo-Ti Chen
Jin-Dynamic Intelligets Co. E Xingyuan Rd, Nanfeng Town, Suzhou City, Jiangsu province, China.

Da-Chuan Cheng
Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, 404, Taiwan, ROC.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V5/article/view/1092