The Role of Transcriptomics in Plant Development and Stress Response | Chapter 7 | Current Advances in Plant Science, Molecular Biology and Health Sector

 

Transcriptomics is the study of the structure, function, and evolution of the transcriptome (i.e., the entirety of RNA transcripts produced by the genome) of a given organism or community of organisms under a variety of conditions. With the advancement of Genomic studies, different types of –OMICS have been developed like Genomics, Proteomics, Transcriptomics, Metabolomics and lastly DNA-Adductomes. These are used to understand complex biological processes as well as to identify different problems in growth, development, stress conditions and diseases in all organisms. One of the important disciplines, Transcriptomes or Transcriptomics, has been discussed here. The word Transcriptome was first used in 1990, and the study of transcriptomes was started in 1991 for the understanding of human brain function. In this discipline, all transcripts (messenger RNA/mRNA) having both coding and non-coding mRNA originating from DNA are dealt with. The analysis of the entire collection of RNA sequences (coding and non-coding sequences) of a cell is very important, as it will show when and where each gene is turned on or off under different conditions. With the help of RNA-seq technology, transcriptional activity can be measured easily, and can show transcriptomic changes in the secondary metabolic pathway at different developmental stages as well as variations in gene expression in different plant tissues and under diverse environmental stresses.  Transcriptome analysis is generally done through a special technique called Single Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA seq) that has been discussed in detail. The role of Transcriptomics in plant development has been studied in the Shoot and Root Meristems of different plants. Its importance has also been discussed in plants under different stress conditions (both external and internal), such as biotic, abiotic, drought, salinity, etc. This study will help to identify Stress-responsive and Stress-tolerance genes (Priming Genes) having important applications in adaptation. Thus, transcriptomic studies have wide applications in plants to identify genes and their expression in the development of Shoot Apical Meristems and Root Apical Meristems. This technique can also be applied to understand differentially expressed genes under different environmental stresses.

 

Author(s) Details

Professor Satyesh Chandra Roy
Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study for Cell and Chromosome Research, University of Calcutta, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-989371-7-9/CH7

Bioinformatic Approaches and Their Applications in Sericulture | Chapter 5 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

Bioinformatics, the fusion of biology, computer science, and information technology, has become indispensable for comprehending and managing the immense biological data generated by modern molecular techniques. This review explores the significance of bioinformatics in sericulture, focusing on its applications in silkworm (Bombyx mori) and host plant research. Numerous online databases, including SilkDB, KAIKObase, SilkBase, and MorusDB, have been established to organize and provide access to genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data for silkworms, mulberry, and associated organisms. Bioinformatic analyses have facilitated the identification of genes conferring desirable traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and olfactory modulation in silkworms and host plants. Case studies exemplify the utility of bioinformatics in unraveling the defense mechanisms of the silkworm cocoon and tracing horizontal gene transfer events during evolution. The integration of bioinformatics tools has accelerated research progress, enabling informed decision-making for the enhancement of silkworm health, productivity, and the overall sericulture industry. As sericulture in Assam and India possesses immense potential with four distinct silkworm varieties, the strategic application of bioinformatics is crucial for leveraging next-generation sequencing data to drive advancements in this field.

Author(s) Details:

Dipankar Brahma,
Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam-641301, India.

Nilav Ranjan Bora,
Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam-641301, India.

Rushali Chakraborty,
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, AAU, Jorhat 785013, India.

Jugabrat Sarma,
Department of Sericulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam 783350, India.

Abhigyan Rajhowa,
Department of Sericulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam 783350, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMAB-V2/article/view/14120

Insight into Larvae Settlement and Anti-fouling characteristics of Marine Larvae: Next-generation Sequencing Approach| Chapter 7 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 4

 The academic and technical sea research is focused on understanding basic conclusion and metamorphosis process and believing for fear that conclusion and accumulation of offensive sea species on submerged constructions. The process of conclusion at molecular level is predominantly mysterious due to restricted genome facts available for these class. In current age, rapid mechanics progress in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have unlocked up the potential to order genome of marine useless contaminating organisms. Barnacle Balanus amphitrite, polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa, and Bryozon Bugula neritina transcriptome sequencing utilizing Illumina sequencers increased the microscopic genomics studies. The genome datasets presented various genes play a critical role all the while fundamental conclusion which can assistant in the design and development of novel antagonistic-twisting powers.

Author(s) Details:

Chandramouli Kondethimmanahalli,
IGeneX, Inc. 556 Gibraltar Drive, Milpitas, CA, 95035-6315, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V4/article/view/9270

Carbon Rule of Law that Determine to be the One in Genome Based Remedy: Viral One under Study| Chapter 3 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol.10

 Viral proteins' underlying varieties can result from transformations. These primary modifications are welcomed on via carbon appropriation. Here, the carbon conveyance in viral proteins is analyzed. Results show that atomic proteins have lower carbon contents than polymerase proteins and that surface proteins have higher carbon contents. The carbon conveyance example of polymerase proteins is unrivaled than that of different proteins. As thymine conveyance in different mRNA outlines is connected to the carbon dissemination design in the related proteins, it is analyzed. Discoveries show that outline 4 abuses the circulation of thymine. The blend of proteins with different carbon conveyances is brought about by this. In outline 3, a surprising dissemination of thymine is seen. When contrasted with typical mRNA, the viral mRNA has an unmistakable thymine circulation. The examination of mRNA grouping of infection uncovers that the adenine content is higher in all successions. The presentation of the protein may be improved by diminishing the overabundance thymine in viral mRNAs. It is vital to utilize mutational exploration in light of carbon dispersion to improve protein strength, movement, and eventually quality treatment.

Author(s) Details:

Rajasekaran Ekambaram,
Department of Chemistry, V.S.B. Engineering College, Karur-639111, India.

Indupriya Rajasekaran,
Andaman & Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V10/article/view/8063