Screening of New Developed Variety-Cross Hybrids and Resistance of Pearl Millet Hybrids to Four Isolates of Downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Shroet.) | chapter 1 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 Pearl millet is the only reliable source of food for many of the people living in the arid zones of India and Africa. This crop originated in tropical western Africa around 4500 years ago. Downy mildew is the most calamitous disease of pearl millet. Resistance to the pathogen is required to guarantee a stable harvest. Eight Open Pollinated Varieties belonging to two putative heterotic clusters were used to generate 16 variety-cross hybrids during the 2012 dry season in the INRAN station of Kollo. Pot-grown seedlings of parents, hybrids, and checks were inoculated with four isolates of Sclerospora graminicola under glasshouse conditions at the ICRISAT Centre in Sadoré. The analysis of data was carried out using GenStat to sort out the difference between plant genotypes and isolates. The isolates collected from different fields in Niger were not different from each other. The four isolates in contact with the parental OPVs as well as with the variety-cross hybrids incited similar mean disease incidence due to the related genetic makeup of both kinds of germplasm. Still, the isolate from Maradi showed the highest level of pathogenicity. Twelve hybrids and six parents were resistant over the 4 isolates with a mean disease incidence of less than 10%. Gamoji, one of the central varieties in the breeding program showed its highest disease incidence with the isolate from Maradi. Ex-Borno the highest resistant variety to the oomycete attack would be a good source of downy mildew tolerance under Niger growing conditions. Souna-3 and HKB showed the lowest General Combining Ability for the disease incidence. The hybrids Ankoutess x Souna-3 and Moro x HKP-GMS had the best Specific Combining Ability for disease resistance. There was a prevalence of additive gene action in terms of the inheritance of the resistance, also affected by epistatic effects. The resistant parents will be used for further pearl millet breeding activities. Because pearl millet constitutes the most important staple food particularly in Niger, screening for disease resistance should continue to identify valuable new germplasm, inbred lines, or else.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Issaka Ahmadou

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN), Niger.

Ofori Kwadwo

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana.

Gracen Edward Vernon

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana and Cornell University Ithaca, USA.

Danquah Yirenkyi Eric

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v2/261

Bioinformatic Approaches and Their Applications in Sericulture | Chapter 5 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

Bioinformatics, the fusion of biology, computer science, and information technology, has become indispensable for comprehending and managing the immense biological data generated by modern molecular techniques. This review explores the significance of bioinformatics in sericulture, focusing on its applications in silkworm (Bombyx mori) and host plant research. Numerous online databases, including SilkDB, KAIKObase, SilkBase, and MorusDB, have been established to organize and provide access to genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data for silkworms, mulberry, and associated organisms. Bioinformatic analyses have facilitated the identification of genes conferring desirable traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and olfactory modulation in silkworms and host plants. Case studies exemplify the utility of bioinformatics in unraveling the defense mechanisms of the silkworm cocoon and tracing horizontal gene transfer events during evolution. The integration of bioinformatics tools has accelerated research progress, enabling informed decision-making for the enhancement of silkworm health, productivity, and the overall sericulture industry. As sericulture in Assam and India possesses immense potential with four distinct silkworm varieties, the strategic application of bioinformatics is crucial for leveraging next-generation sequencing data to drive advancements in this field.

Author(s) Details:

Dipankar Brahma,
Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam-641301, India.

Nilav Ranjan Bora,
Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam-641301, India.

Rushali Chakraborty,
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, AAU, Jorhat 785013, India.

Jugabrat Sarma,
Department of Sericulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam 783350, India.

Abhigyan Rajhowa,
Department of Sericulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam 783350, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMAB-V2/article/view/14120

Demand Driven Decisions on Demonstration and Evaluation of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Technologies at Farmers Training Center (FTC) as Pre-conditions and Driving Force into Cluster Farming Approach and Commercialization Momentum | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 The necessity of technological or innovative pre-extension demonstration and evaluation in determining the momentum of scaling up and commercialization via large-scale demonstrations utilising a clustering technique is critical. It would be simple to methodically organise functions and stakeholders for further scaling up arrangements of selected technologies or innovations after we had decided and had final favoured types or technologies. Farmers' training centre (FTC) was identified as a research experiment or demonstration site where various technologies and innovations could be demonstrated and evaluated through a participatory approach involving farmers, development agents, agricultural experts, researchers, and other key stakeholders. In the South Gondar Zone of North Western Ethiopia, a participatory demonstration and evaluation of improved finger millet technologies was conducted to demonstrate and evaluate improved finger millet technologies to farmers and extension workers, as well as create demand for the technology for wider scaling up. In this presentation, a freshly released variety was used to compare its performance and preferences to older types. It was carried out in two districts that differed in terms of agro-ecological and farming production systems to some extent. At twelve FTC locations and/or sites, four varieties, including a local check, were exhibited and evaluated based on varietal attributes, farmer preferences, and feedback. Farmers' variety or local check was used as a local check for comparison. Farmers' variety or local check is a variety grown by farmers and has been cultivated for a long time. A quadrant approach of yield estimation was utilised to estimate the average and relative yield of each cultivar. When it comes to yield estimation, the tesema variety, even the local variation, surpassed the others. There were no statistically significant differences in mean yield between the two districts for the displayed varieties. The average yield of the tesema variety, on the other hand, deviated significantly from the national average yield of the Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (CSA). All of the enhanced and displayed types outperformed the native variety in terms of yield. There were also yield differences amongst the modified varieties themselves. Grain colour, size, cooking quality, animal feed (palatability), biomass, marketability, and disease resistance were regarded as the most important variables in variety selection for farmers and other key stakeholders. Based on this research and the preferences of types, more large-scale demonstrations using the cluster farming approach should be conducted at each of the demonstration sites. Variety release and development by respective breeders must take those variety selection criteria and farmers' preferences into consideration in order to scale-up and spread the technology to other people.

Author(S) Details

Misganaw Anteneh Tegegne
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia.

Endayen Melaku Baye
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4888