Screening of New Developed Variety-Cross Hybrids and Resistance of Pearl Millet Hybrids to Four Isolates of Downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Shroet.) | chapter 1 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 Pearl millet is the only reliable source of food for many of the people living in the arid zones of India and Africa. This crop originated in tropical western Africa around 4500 years ago. Downy mildew is the most calamitous disease of pearl millet. Resistance to the pathogen is required to guarantee a stable harvest. Eight Open Pollinated Varieties belonging to two putative heterotic clusters were used to generate 16 variety-cross hybrids during the 2012 dry season in the INRAN station of Kollo. Pot-grown seedlings of parents, hybrids, and checks were inoculated with four isolates of Sclerospora graminicola under glasshouse conditions at the ICRISAT Centre in Sadoré. The analysis of data was carried out using GenStat to sort out the difference between plant genotypes and isolates. The isolates collected from different fields in Niger were not different from each other. The four isolates in contact with the parental OPVs as well as with the variety-cross hybrids incited similar mean disease incidence due to the related genetic makeup of both kinds of germplasm. Still, the isolate from Maradi showed the highest level of pathogenicity. Twelve hybrids and six parents were resistant over the 4 isolates with a mean disease incidence of less than 10%. Gamoji, one of the central varieties in the breeding program showed its highest disease incidence with the isolate from Maradi. Ex-Borno the highest resistant variety to the oomycete attack would be a good source of downy mildew tolerance under Niger growing conditions. Souna-3 and HKB showed the lowest General Combining Ability for the disease incidence. The hybrids Ankoutess x Souna-3 and Moro x HKP-GMS had the best Specific Combining Ability for disease resistance. There was a prevalence of additive gene action in terms of the inheritance of the resistance, also affected by epistatic effects. The resistant parents will be used for further pearl millet breeding activities. Because pearl millet constitutes the most important staple food particularly in Niger, screening for disease resistance should continue to identify valuable new germplasm, inbred lines, or else.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Issaka Ahmadou

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN), Niger.

Ofori Kwadwo

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana.

Gracen Edward Vernon

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana and Cornell University Ithaca, USA.

Danquah Yirenkyi Eric

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v2/261

Garcinia latissima Miq. Leaves and Some of Its Activities | Chapter 9 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 1

Background: Plants are known to contain bioactive compounds that offer a range of health benefits. The Garcinia species, particularly, are recognized for their diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase, and antibacterial properties. These activities are crucial for maintaining overall health, protecting against oxidative stress, preventing skin aging, and combating infections. While numerous studies have explored various Garcinia species, Garcinia latissima Miq. has yet to be investigated. This study aims to explore the antioxidant, anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase, and antibacterial activities of Garcinia latissima Miq. leaves, as well as identify active isolates from the leaves, which could contribute to developing therapeutic agents for managing oxidative damage, skin conditions, and bacterial infections.

Aims: This study explores the antioxidant, anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase, and antibacterial activities of Garcinia latissima Miq. leaves and isolates the compounds responsible for these effects.

Methodology: Extraction was performed using stepwise maceration with methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate, followed by fractionation through column chromatography. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays, anti-elastase activity through spectrophotometry with PPE and SANA, and antibacterial activity via microdilution. The anti-tyrosinase activity was quantified spectrophotometrically using L-DOPA. Active fractions were isolated and identified by NMR analysis.

Results: The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest DPPH inhibition (IC50 = 86.91 μg/mL). In antibacterial tests, the methanol extract exhibited a significantly larger inhibition zone against Bacillus subtilis (9.9 ± 0.786 mm) compared to the ethyl acetate extract (7.68 ± 0.076 mm). NMR analysis identified friedelin as the active compound in the ethyl acetate fraction and amentoflavone in the methanol extract fraction.

Conclusion: Garcinia latissima Miq. leaves demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in both the extract and its fractions. NMR analysis identified friedelin as the active compound in the ethyl acetate extract fraction, while amentoflavone was isolated from the methanol extract fraction. These findings highlight the potential of G. latissima leaves as a source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic applications.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati
Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Pulogadung, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia.

 

Yulia Triyani
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta, 13460, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v1/3715

Determination of Protein Content of Hydrolysates from Byproduct of Sardina pilchardus | Chapter 3 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 5

 Depending on the kind, status, and frequency of releases, the effect of waste from chum processing on amphibious systems can vary really. The goal of our exertion is to restore the common crowd, Sardina pilchardus, waste (bones, heads, and guts). First, concerned with atom and molecule change and chemical hydrolysates were ought using the wastes. Then, it was examined to possibly devise a protein isolate for industrialized use utilizing this waste. According to the findings, the concerned with atom and molecule change hydrolysate has highest in rank yield (29.4%). As a result, compared to different hydrolysates (acid) and autolysate, the enzymatic body of rushing waters (trypsin) has higher protein levels per input. While the yield of the protein separate obtained was 7.23%. The use of extricate by-product-derivative enzymatic body of rushing waters has strengthened miscellaneous areas and has the potential to be a good beginning of protein.

Author(s) Details:

Belkhodja Hamza,
Laboratory of Bioconversion, Microbiology Engineering and Health Safety, University of Mustapha Stambouli, 29000, Mascara, Algeria.

Allam Mohamed,
University of Mustapha Stambouli, 29000, Mascara, Algeria.

Ouldali Ouardia,
LRSBG, University of Mustapha Stambouli, 29000, Mascara, Algeria.

Sahnouni Fatima,
Environmental Monitoring Network, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oran, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V5/article/view/9788