Screening of New Developed Variety-Cross Hybrids and Resistance of Pearl Millet Hybrids to Four Isolates of Downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Shroet.) | chapter 1 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 Pearl millet is the only reliable source of food for many of the people living in the arid zones of India and Africa. This crop originated in tropical western Africa around 4500 years ago. Downy mildew is the most calamitous disease of pearl millet. Resistance to the pathogen is required to guarantee a stable harvest. Eight Open Pollinated Varieties belonging to two putative heterotic clusters were used to generate 16 variety-cross hybrids during the 2012 dry season in the INRAN station of Kollo. Pot-grown seedlings of parents, hybrids, and checks were inoculated with four isolates of Sclerospora graminicola under glasshouse conditions at the ICRISAT Centre in Sadoré. The analysis of data was carried out using GenStat to sort out the difference between plant genotypes and isolates. The isolates collected from different fields in Niger were not different from each other. The four isolates in contact with the parental OPVs as well as with the variety-cross hybrids incited similar mean disease incidence due to the related genetic makeup of both kinds of germplasm. Still, the isolate from Maradi showed the highest level of pathogenicity. Twelve hybrids and six parents were resistant over the 4 isolates with a mean disease incidence of less than 10%. Gamoji, one of the central varieties in the breeding program showed its highest disease incidence with the isolate from Maradi. Ex-Borno the highest resistant variety to the oomycete attack would be a good source of downy mildew tolerance under Niger growing conditions. Souna-3 and HKB showed the lowest General Combining Ability for the disease incidence. The hybrids Ankoutess x Souna-3 and Moro x HKP-GMS had the best Specific Combining Ability for disease resistance. There was a prevalence of additive gene action in terms of the inheritance of the resistance, also affected by epistatic effects. The resistant parents will be used for further pearl millet breeding activities. Because pearl millet constitutes the most important staple food particularly in Niger, screening for disease resistance should continue to identify valuable new germplasm, inbred lines, or else.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Issaka Ahmadou

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN), Niger.

Ofori Kwadwo

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana.

Gracen Edward Vernon

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana and Cornell University Ithaca, USA.

Danquah Yirenkyi Eric

West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v2/261

Implementation and Characterization of a Hybrid Composite Material with Two Particles of the Same Size: Coco Shells and Palm Shells | Chapter 6 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 10

 The goal of this research is to create and analyse a hybrid composite material made up of two identically sized particles. The hulls of palm nuts and coconut are used as reinforcing particles. Molding hybrid composite material composites in the form of specimens at 10%, 20%, and 30% mass fractions in various sizes produced hybrid composite material composites in the form of specimens (0.63 mm, 1.25 mm and 2.5 mm). The samples were mechanically characterised (water absorption rate, moisture content, real, theoretical, and apparent density) as well as physically described (water absorption rate, moisture content, actual, theoretical, and apparent density). The primary findings are that the maximum and lowest water absorption rates are 3.57 percent and 0.67 percent for particle sizes 1.25 mm (sample P10C30) and 0.67 percent for particle sizes 0.63 mm, respectively (sample P10C10). The moisture content of the P20C20 (2.5 mm) and P10C30 (2.5 mm) samples ranges from 0.64 to 7.14 percent, respectively. The greatest and minimum actual densities for composites with particle sizes of 1.25 mm (P20C10) and 0.63 mm, respectively, are 1340,518 Kg/m3 and 1055.981 Kg/m3 (sample P20C20). The actual density at its lowest point is The maximum theoretical density (for samples P20C10, P10C10, and P30C10) is 1194.949 Kg/m3, but the minimum is 1189.966 Kg/m3 (P10C20 and P20C20). The bulk density ranges from 933.28 Kg/m3 to 1176.1 Kg/m3 in diameters ranging from 2.5 mm (P10C30) to 0.63 mm, respectively (for P10C30). The Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) of the samples P10C10 (1.25 mm) and P10C20 (2.75 mm) varies from 25.664 GPa to 25.759 GPa, respectively, in terms of mechanical properties (2.5 mm). Whatever the particle size distribution, the MOE values describe a parabola whose peak is attained when the palm shell loads are 20%, i.e. P20C10. To verify the principles of Hall-law, Petch's samples with microscopic particles are more resilient, with a maximum value of 22.49 J/cm2 and a minimum value of 4.45 J/cm2.

Author (s) Details

Noah Pierre Marcel Anicet
Laboratory of Mechanics, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O.Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O.Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon.

Betene Ebanda Fabien
Laboratory of Mechanics, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O.Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O.Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon.

Atangana Ateba
Laboratory of Mechanics, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O.Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O.Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CPCS-V10/article/view/1227