Educating Patriotism for Vietnamese Students | Book Publisher International

 Natural, social, and historical factors all contribute to Vietnam's national cultural identity. As a result, Vietnam's cultural identity is stable and long-lasting. However, through cultural interactions, national cultural identity shifts and changes in response to people's intellectual levels. Cultural identity, on the other hand, is always in motion, receiving, transforming, and then revolving about the origin, returning to the source. It is important to pay attention to the preservation and promotion of traditional cultural values and cultural identities. The study's goal is to introduce the Vietnamese nation's historic cultural values and cultural identity. Youth and students play an important role in society, as they are the country's future owners, according to research. As a result, teaching students about traditional cultural values is crucial. Many ideals to teach young people and pupils have been established through research, including conventional moral values education, educating the nation's cultural identity, and educating patriotism.

Author(S) Details

Nguyen Chi Hai
An Giang University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Nguyen Ho Thanh
An Giang University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/EPVS/article/view/4985

Attitude and Environmental Awareness in Setiu Wetlands Terengganu, Malaysia | Chapter 7 | Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 11

 Wetlands provide environmental and socioeconomic benefits such as habitat for a variety of plants and animals, including endangered and threatened species; flood storage and storm-water regulation; groundwater recharge; water pollution filtration and sediment trapping; and erosion protection. Managing and growing broad levels of environmental awareness on all levels of society has become one of the most important societal goals in the last two decades, with unprecedented levels of social and political consensus. Because only things that can be measured can be managed, scientists from various disciplines are becoming increasingly interested in evaluating environmental awareness based on scientific standards. The goals of this study are to first determine the level of environmental awareness toward the Setiu Wetlands in Terengganu, and then to investigate the relationship between wetland background and wetland issues and environmental awareness among the general public on the Setiu Wetlands in Terengganu. Setiu Wetland is home to a variety of ecosystems, a diverse spectrum of wildlife, and a wealth of natural resources. To identify the key contributing elements, factor analysis was used, and the results revealed a high level of awareness toward Setiu Wetland in terms of knowledge, wetland background, wetland issues, and environmental attitude. Setiu Wetlands should have thorough management and conservation regulations in place, as the wetlands' qualities can benefit communities. However, the public's degree of environmental knowledge of the Setiu Wetlands in Terengganu should be measured in order for policymakers to ensure that the Setiu Wetlands are adequately conserved and managed.

Author(S) Details

Nazatul Faizah Haron
Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Iskandar Aziz
Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Hartini Ab Ghani
Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Noor Aina Amirah
Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPEBM-V11/article/view/4927

Study on Compromise Effect on Consumers Behavior | Chapter 6 | Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 11

 The way people think about the things they'll buy influences their purchasing decisions. The buyer's mindset clearly influences his or her decision to acquire a given goods. Buyers will also feel more at ease if their actions are approved by individuals close to them and satisfy their expectations. While the formation of a certain attitude has no bearing on subjective judgement, the effect of compromise is likely to influence the establishment of that attitude. The fundamental purpose of this study is to clarify it because it is still confusing. Furthermore, while attitude is thought to be a predictor of behaviour, the study's secondary purpose is to confirm prior findings by looking at behavioural intention. In accordance with the notion of planned behaviour, the study will also look at the various determinants of behavioural intention in relation to the behavioural intention itself. A sample of 100 respondents was collected using the convenience and judgement technique. The data was analysed using Amos 16.0 and SPSS 16.0. The compromise effect had a considerable impact on whether the main factor was the customers' attitude or the subjective norm, as expected. Customers' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control were all proven to be good predictors of behavioural intentions. The findings of this study, particularly the role of the compromise effect in the development of consumer attitudes and social pressure, are expected to contribute significantly to the development of a new theory, or at the very least provide additional explanations about the role of attitude in the execution of a specific behaviour.

Author(S) Details

Markus Surkamta Eric Santosa
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Stikubank, Indonesia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPEBM-V11/article/view/4926

Investigating the Impact of Cryptocurrencies on the Modern Banking System | Chapter 5 | Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 11

 This paper examines modern monetary instruments, particularly digital currencies and cryptocurrencies, as well as their impact on the global monetary, financial, and economic future. We shall pay special attention to how central banks around the world respond to the challenge posed by monetary constructions developed by the private sector, because they are still the main followers of all important global financial trends. The growth of digital cryptocurrencies will lead to the creation of new financial and monetary instruments and media, resulting in benefits and opportunities that have yet to be explored. Finally, we'll look at the legal structure around digital currencies and cryptocurrencies, as well as specific countries' approaches to regulation.

Author(S) Details

Agon Skeja
CFA, BKT Kosovo Bank, Macedonia.

Seadin Xhaferi
Departament of Finance Accounting, University of Tetova, Macedonia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPEBM-V11/article/view/4925

Linking Revenue Mobilization Practices to Service Delivery in Decentralized Governments in Ghana | Chapter 4 | Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 11

 In public sector entities such as decentralised governments, revenue mobilisation is a critical component of public financial management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between revenue mobilisation strategies and service delivery in Ghana's District Assemblies. The study looked into how revenue sources, revenue collection techniques, and the adequacy of revenue received by District Assemblies are related to the services provided. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data for the study, which followed a mixed methods research design. The survey included 612 officials from District Assemblies and 1,020 civilians as participants. The study also included twenty-eight interviewees and twenty participants in two focus group talks. Qualitative data was interpreted based on identified themes, while quantitative data was evaluated using descriptive statistics and regression. The study discovered that the DAs' income mobilisation techniques had a favourable and significant impact on service delivery. According to the report, the DA authorities should continue to improve automated revenue collection technologies based on best practises from national tax collection authorities to guarantee that these automations provide the greatest possible results. The parliament and district assemblies are urged to review and consolidate the existing financial management legislation framework in order to ensure that monies are transferred to district assemblies more quickly.

Author(S) Details

George Kojo Scott
Secretary General, African Association for Public Administration and Management (AAPAM), P.O. Box 48677 -00100, Nairobi, Kenya.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPEBM-V11/article/view/4924

Study on the Impact of CNB's Foreign Exchange Interventions on the Labor Market in the Czech Republic | Chapter 3 | Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 11

 Despite a robust system of unemployment benefits, the Czech Republic's unemployment rate remains significantly lower than the EU average. The influence of short-term foreign exchange intervention on the Czech labour market in 2013 and 2014 is examined in this paper. We look at the Czech Republic as a small open economy with its own currency, where exchange rate intervention is a useful instrument for monetary policy in times of extreme monetary looseness. In times of predicted inflation, when standard monetary policy instruments are unavailable, we suggest that foreign currency interventions can effectively enhance labour market indicators. On chosen parts of the Czech labour market, we show the diverse implications of the initial foreign exchange intervention. The number of job vacancies grew as a result of the foreign exchange intervention, according to our data. However, the increasing demand for labour was clearly not met by the supply, and the unemployment rate was significantly below the NAIRU limit, despite severe rigidities. In fact, we've seen that CNB actions have a negative impact on the number of employees and have accelerated wage rise. The impact of foreign exchange interventions on the labour market in the Czech Republic was similar to that seen in other economies, but the intensity was significantly different.

Author(S) Details

Klára Cermáková
University of Economics in Prague, Faculty of Economics, Department of Economics, Czech Republic.

Emilie Jasová
Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Smetanovo nábrezi 6, Prague 1, 110 01, Czech Republic.

Bozena Kaderábková
Cech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Republic.

Michal Mirvald
University of Economics in Prague, Faculty of Economics, Department of Economics, Czech Republic.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPEBM-V11/article/view/4923

Assessment of the Profitability and Competitiveness of the Arabic Gum Value Chain in Improving the Living Conditions of the Population in Burkina Faso’s Sahel | Chapter 2 | Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 11

 The purpose of the study was to determine the profitability and competitiveness of the Arabic gum value chain in the Sahel region of Burkina Faso. 40 manufacturers, 20 collectors, the Arabic gum exporters' group, and Burkina Faso customs provided the data. Secondary and primary sources were used to compile the data. For each actor category, a single structured questionnaire was employed to collect primary data. Excel and Value Chain Analysis (VCA) software, version 10, were used to process data and estimate profitability and competitiveness indices. The Policy Analysis Matrix (MAP) was utilised to conduct the analysis. The Arabic gum value chain looks to be financially and economically advantageous, according to the findings. According to competitiveness metrics, Burkina Faso's Sahel area has a comparative advantage in the production of Arabic gum. Domestic resource costs demonstrate that all economic agents use domestic resources rationally. The revenues will very certainly be used to enhance Arabic gum manufacturing, which will improve the living conditions of Burkina Faso's Sahel producers.

Author(S) Details

S. Kroma
Institut du Développement Rural/Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.

N. Lamien
CORAF/WECARD, 7 Avenue Bourguiba-BP 48, cp 18 523 Dakar RP, Sénégal.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPEBM-V11/article/view/4922

An Overview of Knowledge Management and Data Mining for Marketing Decision | Chapter 1 | Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 11

 Knowledge management is an application for managing information and knowledge resources in an organisation that incorporates people, processes, and technology. Data mining appears in the knowledge management process of knowledge generation in particular, with its diversity of advanced methodologies. Knowledge management applications and data mining are used by businesses in a variety of areas, including manufacturing, finance, and marketing. Marketing selections for organisational products are quite important in terms of profit generation. This article examines how knowledge management and data mining are used in marketing decisions. The study's goal is to determine how knowledge management and data mining are used in marketing decision-making. A total of 30 scientific publications on knowledge management, data mining, and marketing decision were gathered and reviewed using the scoping review technique. Clustering was the most common technique used in marketing decisions, according to the analysis of the collected papers. It's also been discovered that sales and cash registers are two marketing variables that are frequently reported when data mining is used. Scholars have also agreed that data mining has been used effectively in marketing decisions.

Author(S) Details

Wahida Abd Wahab
Malaysian Technology Development Corporation (MTDC), Malaysia.

Safawi Abdul Rahman
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPEBM-V11/article/view/4921

Determination of Dust Ion Acoustic Solitary Waves in Dusty Plasma with Boltzmann Electrons | Chapter 16 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 Dust-ion acoustic solitary waves are investigated in this multispecies plasma model, which includes negative mobile dusts, non-thermal ions, and Boltzmann electrons, using a reductive perturbative technique to derive the relevant Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. The amount of dust charges contained in a dust particle (Zd), as well as the streaming speeds of mobile dusts (ud0) and ions (ui0), are found to play a crucial role in the formation of dust-ion acoustic compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons. In a short range of Zd separated by some asymptotic lines, some initial streaming of dust (ud0) is discovered to be crucial for both compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons. Compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons of either concave or convex characteristics are also proven to represent the existence of low dust charges and decreased ion streaming. The amplitudes of the rarefactive KdV solitons move from higher to lower as the streaming of mobile dusts increases, indicating a convex nature for this plasma model. The number of dust charges contained in a dust particle (Zd) dramatically changes the amplitudes of the compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons, according to a comprehensive theoretical analysis.

The study's major goal is to figure out how Zd and the streaming speeds of mobile dusts (ud0) and ions (ui0) in a multispecies plasma made up of negative mobile dusts, non-thermal ions, and Boltzmann electrons generate dust-ion acoustic compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons.

Author(S) Details

Samiran Das
Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, BTR, Assam, Pin-783370, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4897

Winery Applications of High Power Ultrasonic Technology for Brettanomyces Control, Barrel Life Extension, Fermentation Management, Flavour Enhancement and Sustainability | Chapter 15 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 Although its application to winemaking is still in the experimental stage, high-intensity energy produced by high-power ultrasound (HPU) has been successfully applied to many processes in food production to reduce operational costs and improve product quality with large-scale commercial applications. Following pioneering work by the present authors in 2003 on the destruction of the insidious wine spoilage yeast, Brettanomyces, by HPU, the impetus for extensive research and field trials on the use of HPU for wine barrel sanitation and colour, flavour, and phenolics extraction from red grape musts began in the late 2000s. Over the last two decades, research has helped us learn more about the impacts of HPU on grapes, musts, wine, and winery microorganisms. The growth and death of wine yeasts, malolactic bacteria, and spoilage microorganisms, particularly Brettanomyces; barrel sanitation and the extension of barrel useful lives; pre-fermentation, fermentation, and post-fermentation management; colour, flavour, and phenolics enhancements; and winery sustainability have all been the focus of research. The benefits and drawbacks of using HPU in different winemaking processes are highlighted. HPU has revolutionised barrel sanitation, resolving the recurrent problems of red wine and barrel deterioration caused by Brettanomyces bruxellensis, which cost wineries thousands to millions of euros each year. HPU technology, as a disruptive industry disruptor, offers a vast array of opportunities to improve the wine industry's competitive position by lowering costs, improving quality, and delivering cleaner, fresher, and more appealing wines to customers. It will allow wineries to develop more long-term, revolutionary, and inventive ways to improve their winemaking processes.

Author(S) Details

A. S. J. Yap
Vinsonus Australia, South Australia 5118, Australia.

G. A. Logan
Vinsonus Australia, South Australia 5118, Australia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4896

Nanotechnology Used as Sustainable Alternative for Coronary Artery Disease: An Advanced Approach | Chapter 14 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems are a young but rapidly growing discipline in which small materials are employed as diagnostic tools or to deliver therapeutic drugs to specific sites in a controlled manner. Nanotechnology has a wide range of applications in the treatment of chronic human diseases, including the delivery of precise medicines to specific locations and targets. In recent years, nanomedicine (chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents, and so on) has seen a number of notable uses in the treatment of various diseases. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is currently one of the main causes of death in the Western world, and nanotechnology has the potential to provide a new supplementary strategy to treating it. It caused more than 17.3 million deaths each year in 2017, with that number anticipated to climb to more than 23.6 million by 2030. It can carry a number of payloads, like as medications and genes, to the arteries, which can help with a variety of issues. Nanotechnology offers diverse nanomaterial coatings, as well as controlled-release nanocarriers, to improve the efficacy of existing stents and avoid in-stent restenosis.

It has the potential to increase medication efficiency, improve local and systematic distribution to atherosclerotic plaques, and decrease the inflammatory or angiogenic response after intravascular intervention. Imaging and diagnostic substances could be delivered to exact targets using nanocarriers. Researchers, engineers, biomedical engineers, nanotechnologists, and doctors must work together closely to achieve this. As technology and evidence improve, traditional therapy modalities may be called into question, and nanotherapeutics may eventually take their place.

Author(S) Details

Deeksha Dhingra
Department of Chemistry, Ct University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4895

Indeterminacy, Freedom and an Acknowledgement of the Bronte Sisters in Emily Dickinson’s “All Overgrown by Cunning Moss” | Chapter 13 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 The goal of this analysis of Emily Dickinson's poem "All overgrown by cunning moss" (1859) in the context of the author's influences (specifically, Charlotte Bronte) is to look at how the poem challenges notions of reality and classification, and how it uses nature and death to represent indeterminacy as a state of being. As a result, the poem serves as both a representation of natural phenomena and an illustration of poetics, or how poetic discourse creates a methodology for understanding alternative states of being, enhancing the individual reader's ability to detect and discern multiple ways of seeing and multiple interpretative possibilities.

Author(S) Details

Susan Smith Nash
The University of Oklahoma, US.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4894

Text Representation and Cognitive Processes: How the Mind Makes Meaning in e-Learning | Chapter 12 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 Because e-learning still mainly relies on text-based learning, having a fundamental understanding of how the mind interprets discourse is quite beneficial. The goal of this research is to learn more about how different types of textual representation work in the e-learning environment and how to apply what we've learned to create more successful instructional materials, activities, and evaluations. The study discovered that multiple cognitive processes for producing meaning are triggered by surface code, textbase, and placed text, implying that instructional and e-learning designers should choose tactics that will boost the processes. The study also discovered that textbase and surface textual patterns are lost the fastest, however information contained within a narrative and connected through tale to experience is forgotten more slowly, or preserved.

Author(S) Details

Susan Smith Nash
The University of Oklahoma, US.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4893

Determining the Factors Effecting for Physical Wellness Challenges: Special Reference to University Athletes in Sri Lanka | Chapter 11 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 The purpose of this study is to determine the most important and least important issues that University of Kelaniya athletes encounter in terms of athletic wellness. Wellness is an age-old idea that dates back to the dawn of time. Wellness is an essential component for all members of the human species. There is no such thing as health without happiness, and happiness without health. Wellness must be maintained in order to live a life of good physical and mental health. At the moment, there is less of a desire among the general public to engage in activities that are required for maintaining physical wellness, such as physical activity and exercise. The goal of this study was to see how the University of Kelaniya athletes are affected by the physical wellness concerns identified in the previous study. These difficulties assess which challenges had the greatest impact and which had the least impact. This study used a questionnaire to determine which problems had a greater or lesser impact on university athletes' physical well-being. The data was analysed using the SPSS factor analysis method, and it was discovered that the challenge of "leisure" had the greatest impact on athletes' physical welfare, while the problem of "nutrition" had the least impact.

Author(S) Details

P. D. V. Charika Wickramarathne
Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.

K. G. Dushanthi Nilmini Nawarathna
Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4892

Experimental Modeling of Mechanical Characteristics in Living Elastic Bodies | Chapter 10 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

Experimental modelling of mechanical properties in living elastic entities is one of the research goals.

Methods: Research into the acoustic and mechanical properties of the force of live bodies led to the conclusion that acoustic fields can have a detailed influence on the bodies of hazardous insect larvae. The mass, stiffness, and resonance frequency of these bodies must all be known.

Results: A method has been devised for identifying the resonance frequency of the larvae of hazardous insects. The research is based on the notion that the larva's body is similar to that of a homogeneous cylindrical shaft. The larvae's organs are placed in a specific apparatus. The modulus of elasticity and rigidity of the larva's body were calculated after the experimental data was processed.

Author(S) Details

Galyna I. Sokol
Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine.

Tatyana L. Savchuk
Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine.

Danylo O. Snobko
Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4891

Expedition of Architectural Design to Virtual Reality and Digital Design | Chapter 9 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 The introduction of digital technologies is causing a substantial shift in architecture from conventional manual processes to digitalization (DTs). The research looks at current trends in architectural education, including digital architectural models, design methodologies, and theories, as well as their relation to architecture design pedagogy. The evolution of architecture design learning is discussed in terms of philosophy and practise, as well as its implications for important developments in design pedagogy. Historical references are utilised in digital architecture to show the theoretical influence of architectural conceptions. This framework of design principles was presented as a means of design theory, as well as a ground-breaking design studio that served as a pedagogical structure for professional digitalization training. The processes of design and construction are being dramatically altered by digital architecture. It is encompassing digital technologies, engineers, builders, and architects by desegregating the design, construction, assembly, and analysis of buildings. It aims to reimagine the position of "master-builder" by bringing together disciplines such as engineering, construction, and architecture. "Bridging" the gap between design and manufacturing that opened up as designers started drawing in a rather seamless digital collaborative endeavour.

Author(S) Details

Bhavna Shrivastava
Architecture and Planning Department, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India.

Nand Kumar
Architecture and Planning Department, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India.

Ar. Priya Tyagi
Architecture and Planning Department, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4890

Identifying Competencies for Training: A Case Study on Physiotherapy Course at Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi | Chapter 8 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 Background: Kenyan-trained physiotherapists progressed from masseurs to Kenya Registered Physiotherapists. The current Kenya Medical Training College offers diploma-level training as a result of the rapid development of paramedical training programmes (KMTC). To prevent, manage, and offer effective therapeutic and rehabilitative treatments for the entire community, physiotherapists should acquire clinical competencies to deal with current health concerns.

The following objectives were created in order to tackle the study's problem: To identify the competencies that physiotherapists gained during their training at the Kenya Medical Training College in Nairobi, and to outline the competencies that need to be learned during training in order to be competent in hospital and community settings.

Descriptive educational research was used as the design.

Physiotherapists in Kenya's Ministry of Health, Kenya Medical Training College, and public and private hospitals

Physiotherapy graduates, KMTC academics, public and private practitioners, and Ministry of Health administrators made up a random sample of 30 responses.

The competencies recognised by the participants in the first round were clustered, and the second round of questionnaires was created. A common set of clinical competences for training was produced from the second round of questions.

The answer rate was a perfect 100 percent. When participants repeatedly selected all of the domains of clinical competence that should be included in the curriculum, a consensus was reached. Research (86.6 percent), physiotherapy standards (86.6 percent), community-based rehabilitation (83.3 percent), counselling of patients and relatives (80 percent), emergency and disaster management (80 percent), communication (80 percent), medical legal issues and professional ethics were all rated 'Very Useful' by the participants (70 percent ).

Conclusion: Physiotherapists must be trained to work in both community and hospital settings.

Recommendations: KMTC should use a modified Delphi technique to identify areas of expertise for educating health professionals. Health workers should be prepared to function in both community and hospital settings, according to the courses developed.

Author(S) Details

Gladys J. Mengich
School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Department of Health Professions Education, Masinde Muliro University of Science & Technology P.O. Box 190 - 50100, Kakamega, Kenya.

Sabella J. Kiprono
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Masinde Muliro University of science and Technology, P.O.Box 190 – 50100, Kakamega, Kenya.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4889

Demand Driven Decisions on Demonstration and Evaluation of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Technologies at Farmers Training Center (FTC) as Pre-conditions and Driving Force into Cluster Farming Approach and Commercialization Momentum | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 The necessity of technological or innovative pre-extension demonstration and evaluation in determining the momentum of scaling up and commercialization via large-scale demonstrations utilising a clustering technique is critical. It would be simple to methodically organise functions and stakeholders for further scaling up arrangements of selected technologies or innovations after we had decided and had final favoured types or technologies. Farmers' training centre (FTC) was identified as a research experiment or demonstration site where various technologies and innovations could be demonstrated and evaluated through a participatory approach involving farmers, development agents, agricultural experts, researchers, and other key stakeholders. In the South Gondar Zone of North Western Ethiopia, a participatory demonstration and evaluation of improved finger millet technologies was conducted to demonstrate and evaluate improved finger millet technologies to farmers and extension workers, as well as create demand for the technology for wider scaling up. In this presentation, a freshly released variety was used to compare its performance and preferences to older types. It was carried out in two districts that differed in terms of agro-ecological and farming production systems to some extent. At twelve FTC locations and/or sites, four varieties, including a local check, were exhibited and evaluated based on varietal attributes, farmer preferences, and feedback. Farmers' variety or local check was used as a local check for comparison. Farmers' variety or local check is a variety grown by farmers and has been cultivated for a long time. A quadrant approach of yield estimation was utilised to estimate the average and relative yield of each cultivar. When it comes to yield estimation, the tesema variety, even the local variation, surpassed the others. There were no statistically significant differences in mean yield between the two districts for the displayed varieties. The average yield of the tesema variety, on the other hand, deviated significantly from the national average yield of the Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (CSA). All of the enhanced and displayed types outperformed the native variety in terms of yield. There were also yield differences amongst the modified varieties themselves. Grain colour, size, cooking quality, animal feed (palatability), biomass, marketability, and disease resistance were regarded as the most important variables in variety selection for farmers and other key stakeholders. Based on this research and the preferences of types, more large-scale demonstrations using the cluster farming approach should be conducted at each of the demonstration sites. Variety release and development by respective breeders must take those variety selection criteria and farmers' preferences into consideration in order to scale-up and spread the technology to other people.

Author(S) Details

Misganaw Anteneh Tegegne
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia.

Endayen Melaku Baye
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4888

Proposal for the Modification of Plant Proteins in Order to Release Bioactive Peptides against Metabolic Syndrome | Chapter 6 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance are among the illnesses that make up the metabolic syndrome. Its treatment is centred on lifestyle changes, although this approach frequently fails to improve metabolic syndrome signs over time. The sequences of certain representative vegetable proteins were investigated in order to uncover bioactive peptides with activity against metabolic syndrome illnesses. Legumin (chickpea), glutelin type A-2 (chickpea), glutelin type B-2 (rice), prolamin PPROL 17 (maize), and glutelin (rice) are five proteins that have shown to have a strong potential for preventing metabolic syndrome. After simulating gastrointestinal digestion, we created and assessed in silico alterations to their amino acid sequence to release bioactive peptides (SGD). The method described here enables the creation of proteins that could be used to treat metabolic syndrome, which can then be produced and studied afterwards. These proteins can be made through heterologous expression in bacteria or yeast, and in the long run, transgenic plants could be used to make them. These proteins may be employed as functional meals in the future.

Author(S) Details

Diego Armando Maldonado-Torres
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIBA-IPN, Carretera estatal Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km. 1.5, Tepetitla 90700, Tlaxcala, México.

D. Alejandro Fernández-Velasco
Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, México.

Gema Morales-Olán
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIBA-IPN, Carretera estatal Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km. 1.5, Tepetitla 90700, Tlaxcala, México.

Flor de Fátima Rosas-Cárdenas
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIBA-IPN, Carretera estatal Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km. 1.5, Tepetitla 90700, Tlaxcala, México.

Silvia Luna-Suárez
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIBA-IPN, Carretera estatal Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km. 1.5, Tepetitla 90700, Tlaxcala, México.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4887

Determining the Effects of Silicon Content in Rice Husk Biochar of Southern Taiwan on the Germination of Corn Seeds (Zea mays L.) | Chapter 5 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 To our knowledge, there haven't been many studies on this topic in Southern Taiwan, where rice residues from farm areas offer a lot of potential. Farmers are unaware that simply adding a source of accessible silicon to the soil, they can improve crop production and increase stress and disease tolerance. Despite this, there are few publications on the Si effect of rice husk biochar on plant seed germination. In line with the foregoing, the goal of this research is to see how biochar made from pyrolyzed rice husks affects corn (Zea mays L.) seed germination and plant growth. The objective of such rice wastes is to make biochar out of them. The features of rice husk biochar were investigated in Pingtung County, using various types of combustion and temperatures in the process, as well as the impacts on corn (Zea mays L.) seed germination. Seven (7) different treatments were used in the experiment, including rice husk, rice husk biochar, and chemical fertiliser. To balance the quantities of rice husk biochar that may be integrated into clayey soils, the biochar treatments employed a 50/50 blend of biochar and soil. The impact of biochar on corn growth was investigated. Silicon content in rice husk biochar inhibited seed germination linearly, according to the findings. Silicon was found to be considerably damaging to corn seed germination in this study when Si concentration in rice husk biochar was more than 25 to 30 wt%, indicating that rising levels of silicic acid and amounts of the amendment exceeding 8-10 tonnes per hectare can impair germination rates. The apparent reduction in the total available amounts of heavy metals in bottom ash is the most encouraging consequence, implying that using binary mixes in plant formation is safe.

Author(S) Details

O. V. Milla
Soluciones Carbono Negativo, El Salvador, San Salvador, Central America.

C. C. Chien
Department of Eco-System Technology, Industrial Technology Research Institute of Tainan, Taiwan.

W. J. Huang
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4886

Determining the Performance of Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel Additives and Its Side Effects | Chapter 4 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 Fuel additives have sparked interest due to the demand for ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel and the high cost of additions. It is the cleanest diesel fuel available today, and it is used in automobile engines all over the world. To meet the criteria of the specification, cetane improver (CI) and lubricity additive (LA) are regularly added to ultra-low Sulphur diesel (ULSD) fuel. Additives are always more expensive than diesel fuel, and their price is determined by their performance. Additives can sometimes have unintended consequences on the fuel's other qualities. As a result, when employing additions, the performance of the additive as well as its negative impact on other fuel qualities are critical considerations.

The Nayara Energy Research and Development team conducted a laboratory size experiment to assess the performance and side effects of several ULSD fuel additives, such as cetane improvers and acid and ester based lubricity additives.

The following are the aspects of ULSD fuel that have been investigated:

1) Use different cetane improvers.

2) The effectiveness of cetane improvers.

3) The effect of a cetane improver on ULSD fuel lubricity.

4) Lubricity additive performance in the presence of cetane improvers.

5) The impact of a cetane improver on twenty other diesel fuel characteristics.

6) A two-month stability research was conducted on critical Diesel fuel qualities.

The findings of an experimental investigation are both fascinating and valuable. The findings clearly show that cetane improvers can degrade fuel lubricity and interfere with the efficacy of lubricity additives. 2EHN raises the total nitrogen content of the fuel, resulting in more NOx being produced during combustion. When compared to acid-based lubricity additives, ester-based lubricity additives perform better. As a result, the research will be extremely valuable to petroleum refineries in determining the optimal chemicals and combinations of additives to utilise in the production of ULSD gasoline. Manufacturers of additives for ULSD fuel will also need to design and create the best additives. This experimental investigation will be useful to research and analytical scientists in evaluating the performance of additives and their adverse effects. It will give consumers with information on alternative additives and improvers.

The findings of numerous laboratory experiments, the performance assessment data of cetane improvers, the adverse effects of cetane improvers, and the performance of lubricity additives (acid and ester based) in the presence of cetane improvers are all included in the study report. The results of a two-month stability trial and information from a literature review are also included in the study report.

Author(S) Details

Dhiraj Gondaliya
General Manager of Laboratory, Nayara Energy Limited, India.

Narhar Deshpande
Joint General Manager of Laboratory, Nayara Energy Limited, India.

Ashok Maghodiya
Manager of R&D Laboratory, Nayara Energy Limited, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4883

Determination of Indian LIS Research Contributions Reflected in “International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology” from 2011-2017 | Chapter 3 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 Research creates new knowledge, which aids in the evolution of a subject and the establishment of sound theories and practises. Based on the study's findings, 369 Research articles are discussed, including year-by-year contributions of Research articles, the average number of Research articles published in each volume, geographic distribution of research articles, and contributions of Indian and its states to LIS research. According to the findings, scholars preferred to publish their research articles in Indian magazines.

Author(S) Details

M. Veerabasavaiah
Department of Library and Information Science, Bangalore University, JB Campus, Bangalore, India.

V. Amaravathi
Department of Library and Information Science, Bangalore University, JB Campus, Bangalore, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4882

Determination of Machine Learning and IOT Enabled Complete Architecture for Agriculture Applications | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 Traditional agriculture models have some drawbacks, such as the risk cost and real execution without the necessary quality data. Soil additives such as moisture, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium are required for any crop's productivity improvement (K). To overcome the constraints of the traditional approach, we developed a model that uses deep learning and remote sensing to estimate soil fertility levels and productivity predictions. Current technological breakthroughs that provide foretelling form, which increases state-of-the-art precision agriculture. In the previous decade, the usage of machine learning (ML) techniques with IoT devices has developed in a variety of industries. The increasing accessibility of soil data enabled ML approaches to analyse and increase production, which was aided by the use of IoT. The first stage is to set up the physical environment, which includes placing IoT devices in the fields to gather soil parameters. In the second step, we create a dynamic model using a back-propagation neural network, a machine learning and deep learning method, to forecast soil attributes and evaluate the input data from the first phase using raw soil field data. Internet of Things (IoT) devices and connections for wireless communication with sensors are currently available for a variety of agricultural field work applications, including soil preparation, water management, and crop development status. State-of-the-art farm architecture based on IoT and deep learning identifies traditional limitations and provides relevant solutions. The major goal of this research paper is to look at how deep learning, specifically back propagation neural networks, may be used to predict soil attributes from spectral (raw) data from organic soils using inputs from various IoT sensors.

Author(S) Details

Shivnath Ghosh
Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Santanu Koley
Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India.

Pinaki Pratim Acharjya
Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India.

Mihir Baran Bera
Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4881

Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Robotic Manipulators with Unknown Friction and Unknown Control Direction: A Recent Study | Chapter 1 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 The goal of this study is to solve the tracking control problem for an n-DOF manipulator, regardless of friction or control direction. An adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) with a Nussbaum function is designed to address the aforementioned difficulties. The sliding mode control (SMC) in the suggested control ensures that the tracking problem is solved and that the manipulator responds quickly. To deal with the unknown external disturbance and lessen the chattering impact in the system, adaptive laws for the robust gain in the SMC are created. Furthermore, in practise, errors in the connection between actuators and drivers, referred to as uncertain control direction, cause the manipulator to suffer substantial damage. The ASMC law is multiplied by the Nussbaum function to solve this problem. The stability and resilience of the entire system are studied using a Lyapunov technique. Finally, many simulations are run on a 3-DOF manipulator, and the results are compared to those of existing controllers to verify the suggested method's benefits. Advanced fault-tolerant controllers for robotic manipulators can be developed using the findings in this research.

Author(S) Details

Seung Hun Han
Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Tongyeong Campus, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea.

Manh Son Tran
Department of Automatic Control, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.

Duc Thien Tran
Department of Automatic Control, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4880

Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) Seeds on the Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens: An Observational Study | Chapter 12 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 Flavonoids found in dark chocolate have been shown to improve body composition and cognitive ability. Dark chocolate's composition has been altered in several commercial preparations to improve flavonoid concentration while lowering caloric intake. The goal of this study was to see how acute and subchronic chocolate consumption affected electrical brain oscillations. A study was conducted with 20 healthy volunteers (average age 24.15 years) and a control group of five subjects (average age 23.2 years). The subjects in the acute effect trial ate dark chocolate (103.72 mg/kg of body weight), which is high in flavonoids and low in calories, similar to fasting. The subjects in the control group only drank low-calorie milk. A daily dose of dark chocolate was administered for eight days to achieve the subchronic effect. The baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) was taken before dark chocolate intake; the second EEG was taken after 30 minutes; and the third and fourth EEGs were taken before and after the final intake on the eighth day. Delta Absolute Power (AP) decreased in most brain regions (p 0.05) after acute and subchronic intake, with the exception of the right fronto-centro-temporal regions. There was a consistent decline in the AP of predominance in the left fronto-centro-temporal areas in the Theta band. In the Alpha band, AP increased in the temporo-occipital areas, while in the Beta band, it increased in the right temporal and parieto-occipital regions. There were no significant changes in brain oscillations in the control group (p > 0.05). In most brain regions, acute and subchronic chocolate consumption decreased Delta and Theta AP while increasing Alpha and Beta AP.

Author(S) Details

E. B. Ochi
University of Juba, P.O. Box 82, Juba South Sudan, Sudan.

M. E. Elbushra
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sinnar, Abu Naama, Sudan.

M. Fatur
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Production, University of Bahri, Khartoum North, Sudan.

Abubakr O. Ismail
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Production, University of Bahri, Khartoum North, Sudan.

Hafiz Abdalla
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Production, University of Bahri, Khartoum North, Sudan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4910

Dark Chocolate Modifies Brain Electrical Oscillations in Healthy People | Chapter 11 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 Flavonoids found in dark chocolate have been shown to improve body composition and cognitive ability. Dark chocolate's composition has been altered in several commercial preparations to improve flavonoid concentration while lowering caloric intake. The goal of this study was to see how acute and subchronic chocolate consumption affected electrical brain oscillations. A study was conducted with 20 healthy volunteers (average age 24.15 years) and a control group of five subjects (average age 23.2 years). The subjects in the acute effect trial ate dark chocolate (103.72 mg/kg of body weight), which is high in flavonoids and low in calories, similar to fasting. The subjects in the control group only drank low-calorie milk. A daily dose of dark chocolate was administered for eight days to achieve the subchronic effect. The baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) was taken before dark chocolate intake; the second EEG was taken after 30 minutes; and the third and fourth EEGs were taken before and after the final intake on the eighth day. Delta Absolute Power (AP) decreased in most brain regions (p 0.05) after acute and subchronic intake, with the exception of the right fronto-centro-temporal regions. There was a consistent decline in the AP of predominance in the left fronto-centro-temporal areas in the Theta band. In the Alpha band, AP increased in the temporo-occipital areas, while in the Beta band, it increased in the right temporal and parieto-occipital regions. There were no significant changes in brain oscillations in the control group (p > 0.05). In most brain regions, acute and subchronic chocolate consumption decreased Delta and Theta AP while increasing Alpha and Beta AP.

Author(S) Details

Efraín Santiago-Rodríguez
Diagnóstico, Tratamiento e Investigación Neurológica, S. C. Querétaro, 76177 Querétaro, México.

Brenda Estrada-Zaldívar
Diagnóstico, Tratamiento e Investigación Neurológica, S. C. Querétaro, 76177 Querétaro, México.

Elba Zaldívar-Uribe
Diagnóstico, Tratamiento e Investigación Neurológica, S. C. Querétaro, 76177 Querétaro, México.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4909

Investigating the Organoleptic Properties of Chocolate Coated Chinese Chestnut | Chapter 10 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 Chinese chestnuts, which are native to Taiwan, China, and Korea, have shown to be an effective treatment for a variety of ailments. The major goal of this research was to standardise and produce a high-value Chinese chestnut product to treat a variety of ailments in people of all ages.

Not only to increase the value of the product, but also to introduce the nut to people in other regions of the country and beyond the world. The presence of vitamins in Castanea crenata, C. dentata, and C. mollissima has been the subject of a small number of investigations.

For the confection-chocolate coated chestnut and flaxseed mix, a study was conducted using Chinese chestnut, three different chocolates, and flaxseeds.

The raw material was sourced in Uttarakhand and then processed utilising techniques like as roasting and sun drying.

Colorful foils were utilised as the primary packaging material, followed by appealing cardboard boxes as secondary packaging, which protects the sweets from biological, chemical, and physical influences. The sensory qualities of these confections made from Chinese chestnut are being studied. All three confection samples T1, T2, and T3 passed the sensory test. On the created chocolates, several microbiological tests such as TPC, E. coli, and nutritional analysis were performed.

Author(S) Details

G. Gupta
Department of Food and Nutrition, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

S. Mishra
School for Home Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

A. Chakrobarty
Department of Food and Nutrition, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

P. Dubey
Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Home Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

P. Shankar
Department of Food and Nutrition, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4907

Investigating the Effects of Dietary Energy and Protein on the semen Characteristics and Egg Quality of Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria | Chapter 9 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 At the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal Polytechnic Bali in Taraba State, a study was conducted to evaluate the semen characteristics and egg quality of three strains of indigenous Nigerian turkeys fed varied levels of nutritional energy and protein. A total of 120 day-old poults from all of the indigenous turkey strains were used in the experiment. During the 11-month trial (July 2018–August 2019), poults were brooded on commercial feed for 8 weeks. At the age of 64 days, the birds were randomly assigned to one of four feeding treatment levels for growers: T1-control (commercial feeds), T2-low energy high protein (LEHP), T3-high energy low protein (HELP), and T4-high energy high protein (HEHP) (HEHP). At the age of 196 days, eggs were deposited by T1 turkeys from all three strains. Only 5 sets of eggs were gathered in batches every 8 days. Eggs were candled for fertility and hatchability on day 7 of laying. Egg quality, semen qualities, and testicular shape were all considered among the strains and treatments. The egg quality analysed revealed significant (P0.05) differences between the treatment groups. Except for treatments T1, T3, and T4, the results on gonadal sperm reserves (trestles), extra gonadal sperm reserves (epididymis), and vas deferens exhibited significant (P0.05) variations among the treatment groups. Finally, discrepancies in growth rate, egg production, and reproductive parameters are accounted for by varied nutrition amounts on different strains of indigenous turkeys used in this study. The early findings revealed in this paper are simply the start; more in-depth research in this area is required.

Author(S) Details

Y. E. Waba
Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba, Nigeria.

G. J. Bandawa
Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba, Nigeria.

A. A. Adi
Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4906

An Underutilized Fruit Karonda (Carissa carandas Linn.): A Ray in Potential Nutraceutical | Chapter 8 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 Karonda fruits are still underutilised in India, despite their ability to meet nutritional needs. Fruits have been one of the most essential components of diets ingested by people from the dawn of time. A number of underappreciated fruits are unfamiliar, unknown, and underutilised. Fruits that are underutilised or crops that have been ignored are not commercially farmed, grown, or sold. Underutilized fruits, on the other hand, have received little attention as antioxidant sources when compared to commercial fruits. Because to a combination of ignorance, a lack of information, a lack of promotional activities, and storage and harvesting challenges, these fruits are often ignored. These fruits may now be used in public health initiatives. The importance of morphological and microscopical research, as well as early phytochemical investigations, in karonda fruit, as well as its nutritional worth, are discussed in this review paper.

Author(S) Details

Anjali M. Wanegaonkar
Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Sector-8, CBD Belapur New Mumbai- 400 614, Maharashtra, India.

Manisha Y. Chaudhari
Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Sector-8, CBD Belapur New Mumbai- 400 614, Maharashtra, India.

Nirmal Kasekar
Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Sector-8, CBD Belapur New Mumbai- 400 614, Maharashtra, India.

Vilasrao J. Kadam
Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Sector-8, CBD Belapur New Mumbai- 400 614, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4905

An Overview of Rasogolla: Traditional Indian Dairy Product | Chapter 7 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 Rasogolla is called as the "King of Sweets" and is extremely famous in India. Rasogolla has a high protein, lipid, mineral, and vitamin content. It is snow white in colour, has a spongy, chewy body, and a silky texture, and is the size and shape of a ping-pong ball. It is widely acknowledged as the most popular sweet on all festive occasions, and people of all ages like it. Its quality varies by location and is determined by the method used to prepare chhana, as well as other process characteristics. Despite the fact that rasogolla production is limited to the cottage industry, its increasing popularity necessitates automated production in order to increase production rates and improve quality control. The goal of this review paper is to find alternative techniques of rasogolla preparation and the effect of various parameters on rasogolla quality, as well as research work done on rasogolla for better process development and mechanisation. The effects of milk type, acid type and amount, initial moisture content of chhana, kneading of chhana ball, sugar syrup concentration during cooking, soaking and repeated use of same sugar syrup on rasogolla quality, cooking time of chhana ball, soaking time for cooked chhana ball, and its microstructure have been studied. There has also been a review of the literature on the pressure cooking method of rasogolla preparation and the mechanisation of rasogolla production.

Author(S) Details

B. Mohanta
Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India.

S. L. Shrivastava
Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4904

The Analysis of Temperature and Rainfall and Production Potential Food Crops in Banten Province, Indonesia | Chapter 6 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 Paddy, maize, soybeans, peanuts, green beans, cassava, and sweet potatoes are among the food crops grown in Indonesia's Banten Province. Temperature and rainfall are thought to be intimately related to the production of these food crops. The goal of the study was to learn about the temperature and rainfall patterns, as well as the possibilities for growing food crops. The researcher employed the Gumbel method to project temperature and rainfall in order to attain this goal. The findings of the investigation suggest that the temperature rises by 0.13oC per year, with 39.14 mm of rainfall. Banten Province still has potential for paddy, maize, and cassava production based on projected temperature and rainfall increases over the next 25 years. When it comes to the area and productivity of each of these types of plants, Lebak Regency has the most potential for paddy production, while Pandeglang Regency has the most potential for maize development.

Author(S) Details

Yayat Ruhiat
Department of Physics, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Serang, Indonesia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4903

Ayurveda Perspective of Water (Jala): A Review | Chapter 5 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 For everyone in ancient medicine, water (Jala) was regarded as life (Jeevanashrayan). Civilizations are said to have begun near water sources, according to the historical narrative. Water treatment has become a significant non-invasive therapy in the medical sector, and it is regarded to have the ability to treat a number of ailments. In ancient Ayurvedic literature, the value of water and property is explored. Water was classified in a variety of ways by Ayurveda, with each sort of water having a different relevance to humans. Jala maintained the Guna of all six Rasas due to its unique capacity to dissolve each Rasa individually. Water is essential for daily work as well as for physiological reasons. According to various researchers, water plays a role in a number of disorders such as acute toxicity, stomach burn, and constipation. From the point of view of ancient medicine, this article discusses the traditional understanding of water.

Author(S) Details

Mrudul Y. Chitrakar
Department of Swasthavritta and Yoga, D. Y. Patil School of Ayurveda, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India.

Ashwini Patil
Department of Shalakyatantra, D. Y. Patil School of Ayurveda, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4902

Ghee - The Cooking Medium for Good Health | Chapter 4 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 Curds represent energy, and ghee is life, according to the Vedas. This may appear absurd at first, but with closer examination, it appears to be reasonable. Using ghee as a cooking medium and a route for transporting bioactive phytochemicals has numerous advantages. Because all body cells contain lipid-based cell membranes, it stands to reason that the type of fats we consume has a significant impact on our overall health. Because the brain is almost entirely made up of fats, the lipids we consume have a greater impact on it. As a result, selecting the ideal cooking medium is critical to living a long and healthy life.

Author(S) Details

Sharadendu Bali
Department of General Surgery, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.

Vipin Saini
MMSP, MMU, Sadopur, Ambala, Haryana, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4901

Planning for Food Security Using Roots and Tubers as Functional Foods in Nigeria: A Review | Chapter 3 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 The worldwide food crisis poses a serious threat to world peace and security, hence this study focuses on food security planning in Nigeria using roots and tubers as functional foods. Root and tuber crops as staple foods have the potential to adapt to a wide range of soil and environmental circumstances, and they may all be replicated through the vegetative propagation process. Because the potential utility of these roots and tubers is being examined, this assessment is required. Roots and tubers are important parts of the human diet, and they are widely grown and consumed as staple foods in Nigeria. The most important roots and tubers in Nigeria are cassava (Manihot esculentus Crantz), yam (Dioscorea spp), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Poir), potato (Solanum spp), and edible aroids (Colocasia spp and Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott). These crops hold a lot of promise because they are diverse and bring variety to the human diet. They also offer a wide range of medical benefits. Cassava (Manihot esculentus Crantz), yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir, D. bulbifera L., D. Cayenensis Lam, D. alata Linn, D. Dumentorium Pax and D. esculenta (Lour.) Burk), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Poir), potato (Solanum tuberosome Linn), and edible aroid These plants, which give a variety of benefits to people, are in peril as a result of population growth, urbanisation, and changing food preferences. They haven't been fully utilised in terms of nutrition and health. These plants have been discovered to have significant nutritional content and have been utilised for various medical purposes in the past. More attention should be paid to these beneficial plants in terms of production, preservation, and consumption, as this will aid Nigerians in improving their food security.

Author(S) Details

Aniama Salome Ojone
Department of Biology, Federal College of Education, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria.

K. A. Oricha
Department of Biology, Federal College of Education, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria.

Owa Dele Frank
Department of Biology, Federal College of Education, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4900

Plant Based Probiotic Functional Foods – History, Research and Market | Chapter 2 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 Foods fermented by probiotic lactic acid bacteria are good for your gut and may even be curative. Despite the fact that there is an increasing demand for vegan probiotic foods, the majority of probiotic products on the market are dairy-based. Plant foods have been fermented since the beginning of time, yet probiotic plant foods are hard to come by. This chapter takes you on a journey through history, from ancient fermented foods to cutting-edge research in the realm of functional plant-based probiotic meals. The difficulties that must be solved in the production of plant probiotic food are discussed, as well as a prospective outlook for its popularisation and research advancements.

Author(S) Details

Subhashree S.
Department of Food Processing and Quality Control, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India.

Kavita Sudersanadas
Department of Food and Nutrition, Govt. College for Women, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India and College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

A. K. Beena
Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Diary Science and Technology, KVASU, Trissur, Kerala, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4899

Common Allergenic Weeds: Their Pollen Morphology and Management Measures | Chapter 1 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 Weeds and plants typically produce enough lightweight pollen to pollinate themselves. In a single day, a single plant can produce 1 million to several million pollen grains; exposure to these can cause pollen allergy, seasonal rhinitis/ rhinosinusitis, asthma, and dermatitis, among other things. The link between the start of symptoms and plant pollination time is the most important factor in allergenic response. According to various studies, weed pollens are responsible for 60-75 percent of seasonal rhinitis, grass weed pollens for 40%, and tree pollens for 10%. The pollination season of different plants varies depending on the species and their geographic location. Flowering/pollination seasons, pollen morphology, and control techniques of common allergenic weeds are discussed in this research. Weeds can be eradicated before flowering and used as biomass in agriculture and industry, depending on their pollination cycle.

Author(S) Details

Srihari Reddy Devarinti
Government Degree College, Patancheru, Sanga Reddy (Dist.), Telangana, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4898

Determining the Effects of the Fires in the Mountains of Cordoba on the Quality of Water in the Reservoirs | Chapter 7 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 9

 With a population of more than 1,450,000 people in 2020, Córdoba and its environs are one of Argentina's most major cities. The San Roque and Los Molinos reservoirs provide water to this city. The hydrological cycles in the region are extremely variable. Furthermore, the city's and its hinterland's constant population development in recent years has resulted in water supply conflicts that have been prolonged by droughts, floods, and changes in land use. Furthermore, fires in the basin on a regular basis severely harmed both reservoirs' routing, with grave repercussions. The goal of this study is to estimate the damage done to the San Roque and Los Molino lakes each year as a result of the fires that occurred in the Sierras de Córdoba. It also aims to figure out how much sedimentation has increased in both reservoirs. The Djorovic & Gavrilovic [1] model was used to compute the specified degradation in the basin. The time it takes to reach total siltation of the reservoirs owing to fires in the upper basin has decreased, according to the findings.

Author(S) Details

Santiago Reyna
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Argentina.

Teresa Reyna
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Argentina.

María Lábaque
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Argentina.

Fabián Fulginiti
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Argentina.

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Research on Ecological and Botanical Diversity in Haloxylon Persicum Community at Al-Qassim Region in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | Chapter 6 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 9

 In the desert, Haloxylon persicum is a significant species. It not only aids in the stabilisation of sand dunes, but it also aids in the conservation of soil and water, as well as the slowing of desertification. The fact that the plant species is endangered, on the other hand, has far-reaching consequences. Drought-tolerant Haloxylon persicum is indigenous to northwest China, Russia, and the Middle East. The study's research areas were chosen based on how well they represented the ecological and botanical diversity of the H. persicum species in Saudi Arabia's Al-Qassim region. The researcher found nine sites in the three areas. The researcher calculated vegetative parameters such as species coverage, density, and frequency. In addition, soil testing was done in each of the three research areas. To determine the soil types, the electrical conductivity (EC) Mmoh / cm, pH, total dissolved salts (TDS) as parts per million (ppm), Sodium Ions, Potassium, and soil texture were all measured. Beginning with seedling emergence and establishment, soil variables have a significant impact on the survival and dispersion of H. persicum species, according to the findings. The researcher suggests that the plants be stopped from being overgrazed and used as the principal source of wood for charcoal to safeguard the H. persicum ecosystem. Because of its importance to the desert topography, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other countries where H. persicum is found must safeguard the species.

Author(S) Details

Suliman Alghanem
Department of Biology, College of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

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Asthma Predictability Index among Children in Regard to Air Quality Prevalent in and Around Kolkata Metropolis | Chapter 5 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 9

 Asthma is the most frequent chronic condition among children. Asthma diagnosis difficulties are common, leading in inadequate asthma management. Symptoms appear in about 80% of paediatric asthma patients before the age of six, with the majority appearing before the age of three. Only about a third of children who have had at least one episode of asthmatic symptoms by the age of three will develop asthma by the age of six (8). Asthma is under-diagnosed in 18–75 percent of asthmatic children. This city is classified as unfit for human habitation. The degradation of urban air quality is widespread in most megacities, and Kolkata Metropolitan City is no exception. The main goal of this chapter is to create an accurate model for asthma predictability index in children. To do so, an assessment of Kolkata air quality is conducted, in which the listed pollutants' annual average concentrations (RPM, SPM, NO2, and SO2) are classified into four different categories, and data is collected from 17 monitoring stations and classified as critical, high, moderate, and low pollution. In Kolkata, there are 17 monitoring stations, five of which are critical and the rest 12 fall into the high pollution category for NO2. In terms of RPM, four stations are critical and 13 stations record data that falls into the high pollution category. Model questionnaires were administered to 10% of the families in order to measure socioeconomic conditions, critical environmental conditions, the nature and types of health burdens, and attitudes toward health care facilities. Mapping with GIS provides a thorough and up-to-date understanding of the seasonal and spatial fluctuation of asthma, as well as evaluating the area's air quality.

Author(S) Details

Jayati Das
Shri Shikshayatan College, Kolkata, India.

Saibal Moitra
Allergy and Asthma Research Centre, Kolkata, India.

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Vascular Flora Analysis in the Southern Part of Chott El Hodna Wetland, Algeria: An Advanced Research | Chapter 4 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 9

 The goal of the study was to offer vegetation data for a wetland of international significance, which necessitated knowledge of its flora, particularly endemic or uncommon species, as well as those that highlight the value of local or regional biodiversity. The wetland in the southern portion of Chott El Hodna (M'Sila province, Algeria) corresponds to the mediterranean desert bioclimatic stage, which has moderate winters. 79 floristic samples were taken along two transects from north to south and east to west throughout the period 2009-2013 as part of an inventory of the natural vegetation in this area. We discovered 116 species, which were divided into 85 genera and 29 botanical families. The Liliopsida has just 02 families and 17 genera, while the Magnoliopsida has 27 families and 68 genera. There are six plant families that account for 65.52 percent of the overall flora (Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Brassicaceae and Caryophyllaceae). There are 20 endemic taxa in this flora, including eight uncommon species. Annuals (therophytes) account for 60.34 percent of the biological spectrum, whereas perennials account for 36.66 percent (chamaephytes: 18.10 percent , hemicryptophytes: 11.20 percent , phanerophytes: 6.03 percent and geophytes: 4.31 percent ). This is a feature of arid environments. The numerical analysis of vegetation using Srensen's similarity index and Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) resulted in the identification of three primary groups of samples that reflect diverse environmental conditions and are sufficiently specific to the research area. The plant appeared to be well adapted to its surroundings. The preservation of this environment and flora must be prioritised in the event of an emergency.

Author(S) Details

Abdelghani Zedam
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of M’Sila, M’Sila, Algeria.

Mohamed Fenni
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Setif1, Setif, Algeria.

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The Effects of Cosmic Rays upon Climate Changes on the Earth to Generate Winds, Storms, Hurricanes and Tornados | Chapter 3 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 9

 The planet Earth is a part of the solar system and the Milky Way galaxy; the value of solar rays and particles colliding with the Earth's atmosphere changes continuously due to changes in the diameters of the Earth's elliptical orbit around the Sun; these changes of the values of solar rays and particle colliding with the Earth's atmosphere each second have t These charging and neutralisation between the ground, atmosphere, and space occur either directly or indirectly as a result of interactions of solar particles passing through the atmosphere, which cause atomic excitations in the gases of the atmosphere, which manifest as aurora. These excitations of the gases may be another source of electrons that increase the value of the electro-static charges. There is a traditional concept in regards to the effect of the Earth's four seasons cycles on generating winds and hurricanes due to differences in temperature, which causes expansion and shrinkage in the volume of air masses in the atmosphere, but this research focuses on another aspect, which is a difference in the values of the electro-static charges of air masses, which results in attraction and repulsion forces among air masses, due to the characteristics of the electro-static charges. Understanding this issue clearly leads us to design a suitable technical system to detect the values of electro static charges in the Earth's atmosphere in order to forecast places and times where tornadoes may occur, and to take the necessary precautions to avoid sacrifice victims as a result of these tornadoes. Note that science has yet to determine the causes of tornadoes, nor to forecast when and where tornadoes may occur.

Author(S) Details

Armen Ohan
Independent Resercher, Netherlands.

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