Reproductive and Pregnancy Dynamics in Pigs: Physiology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology and Immunity | Chapter 9 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 6

 

Reproduction and pregnancy in pigs involve complex coordination of body temperature, metabolism, hormones, and immune tolerance. Understanding these changes is crucial for reproductive efficiency, maternal health, and fetal survival. This chapter summarises variations in key physiological parameters (rectal temperature, respiratory and pulse rates) across reproductive stages, outlines serum biochemical shifts during gestation, and highlights the roles of hormones like progesterone and oestrogen in supporting pregnancy. It also discusses the immunological environment, shaped by cytokines such as IL-10, IFN-γ, and IFN-β, which maintain uterine immune balance and allow fetal development. These interlinked systems work together to ensure reproductive success. The establishment of pregnancy is further secured by maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP), involving the integrated actions of reproductive hormones and immune mediators that maintain corpus luteum function and promote a favourable uterine environment.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Rajashree Dutta Purkayastha
College of Veterinary Science, Assam Veterinary and Fishery University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, India.

 

Simson Soren
Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Veterinary and Fishery University, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur-787051, India.

 

Sanjib Borah
Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Veterinary and Fishery University, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur-787051, India.

 

Biju Borah
Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Veterinary and Fishery University, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur-787051, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v6/6858

 

Reproductive and Pregnancy Dynamics in Pigs: Physiology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology and Immunity | Chapter 9 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 6

 

Reproduction and pregnancy in pigs involve complex coordination of body temperature, metabolism, hormones, and immune tolerance. Understanding these changes is crucial for reproductive efficiency, maternal health, and fetal survival. This chapter summarises variations in key physiological parameters (rectal temperature, respiratory and pulse rates) across reproductive stages, outlines serum biochemical shifts during gestation, and highlights the roles of hormones like progesterone and oestrogen in supporting pregnancy. It also discusses the immunological environment, shaped by cytokines such as IL-10, IFN-γ, and IFN-β, which maintain uterine immune balance and allow fetal development. These interlinked systems work together to ensure reproductive success. The establishment of pregnancy is further secured by maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP), involving the integrated actions of reproductive hormones and immune mediators that maintain corpus luteum function and promote a favourable uterine environment.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Rajashree Dutta Purkayastha
College of Veterinary Science, Assam Veterinary and Fishery University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, India.

 

Simson Soren
Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Veterinary and Fishery University, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur-787051, India.

 

Sanjib Borah
Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Veterinary and Fishery University, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur-787051, India.

 

Biju Borah
Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Veterinary and Fishery University, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur-787051, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v6/6858

 

Hormonal and Histological Effects of Star Fruit, Averrhoea carambola Fruit Extract on Female Reproduction of Wistar Rat, Rattus Norvegicus| Chapter 1 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

 

The present study investigates the effect of Averrhoa carambola ethanolic fruit extract on gonadal function and structure in female Wistar rats. Plant products with higher medicinal properties have been connected to a substantial impact on the development of novel medications. Averrhoa carambola is a well-known medicinal plant with significant antioxidant properties that is frequently used as a reproductive plant by herbalists without scientific support. A total of 15 Wistar rats weighing 100 to 143g were divided into three groups of five rats each. Food and distilled water were given to Group A, 500 mg/kg of ethanolic fruit extract of A. carambola was given to Group B, and 1000 mg/kg of ethanolic fruit extract of A. carambola was given to Group C every day for 21 days there was a substantial rise in ovarian and uterine weight in groups B and C after receiving the Averrhoa carambola fruit extract when compared to the control group. However, when compared to the control group, LH increased (p>0.0) while progesterone declined significantly. According to the findings, the extract's structural effects on the gonads of female rats were shown to be adverse. In conclusion, Averrhoa carambola fruit extract may be more beneficial as a contraceptive than a pro-fertility agent, as traditional medicine practitioners claim. The finding of this study showed that Averrhoa carambola fruit extract may have a beneficial effect on body weight, relative ovary and uterine weight, and FSH and LH activities.

Author(s) Details:

Ifedi I. Charles,
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.

Emeka Ugwuishi
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Nigeria.

Ifedi O. Blessing
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.


Nwafor C. Charles
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Nigeria.

Okeke C. Jennifer
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.


Okoye O. Fidelis
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.

Ihezuruoha S. Chinyere
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvmms/v8/3684G

Anthropological Explorations of Gender, Identity, and Economics | Chapter 1 | Anthropological Explorations of Gender, Identity, and Economics

 Defined as “Four-field” research endeavor encompassing biological, linguistic, material, and socio-cultural dimensions of the “Human career”, anthropology is clearly the scientific study of humankind in all its components. There are however variations from one academic tradition to the other but the most comprehensive version of anthropological practice is the one developed in the United States of America. In other academic traditions with a few exceptions, the biological dimension – Biological Anthropology [that focuses on the human body] – and the material culture one – Anthropological archaeology – [with a focus on human-made things] are separated from socio-cultural anthropology – [the study of contemporary societies and cultures through participant observation] and linguistic anthropology [the study of language as communication medium].

Students training in anthropology thus varies according academic traditions Despite the tortuous history of teaching anthropology in mainland China, Xiamen university has strived since the re-opening of its anthropology and ethnology department in 2005, with varying success to develop a Four-field approach to the discipline. As conceived and implemented since 2020, the “Writing Anthropology” seminar was designed as an intensive and fast paced graduate students training to craft high standard research papers in English. In the 2022-2023 academic year instalment of Xiamen university “Writing Anthropology” seminar, “Exploration” was the core theme of the work carried out. Graduate students were required to pick a research topic totally different from their planned master and doctoral investigations. They were asked to take risks, to move away from their “research comfort zone” and dare explore new research topics. Exploration in its strict sense refers to entering the unknown. This voyage in the unknown has to be predicated on coherent theoretical orientations and sound methodologies. It was what the seminar sessions combining weekly written and oral presentations were made of. The result of that intensive research semester is presented in this book entitled Anthropological Explorations in Gender, Identity, and Economics. The conducted investigations are arranged in 3 rubrics or parts: gender issues; identity and belonging; and finally, economics.

Author(s) Details:

Augustin F. C. Holl,
Distinguished Professor, Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Director of the Africa Research Center at Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/AEGIE/article/view/13568

Determining Mothers’ Perception around Health Reproduction Services in Hospital in the Commune of Abobo, Ivory Coast | Chapter 6 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 This affiliate aims to understand the ideas that structure women's connection with generative health duties based on an influence matrix. Health is a complete state of comprehensive well-being, tangible as well as insane and social, of the human person during the whole of that concerns the genital order, its functions and allure functioning and not just the absence of disease or weakness[1]. According to this viewpoint, all, regardless of inception or living environment, must have access to health management in accordance with the Alma-Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care circulated in 1978. However, the current study demonstrates that reproductive fitness services in Côte d'Ivoire have happened heavily reviewed. On that basis, this paper examines the types of ideas mobilized by women about reproductive strength services in hospitals in Côte d'Ivoire. Data accumulation focused on scrutiny, individual and group interviews. The results of the study indicate that various factors are determining in the capability of tasks related to the fetal consultation, exceptionally the love of the role of midwife and of the doctor is essential. However, in spite of the free policy encouraged by the administration, use of prenatal health aids is low and even mythical in some places on account of the high cost of consultation salaries, particularly for accessible populations. The weak reception, especially the insults from midwives, push daughters not to visit health centers. In the belief of those interviewed “the plurality of midwives are the opposite of the clothes they wear”. The inadequate attitude of certain energy workers has induced people to have a negative outlook on result health duties. The work describes the public resources that structure and legalize women's connection with reproductive fitness services in addition to the modalities of alternative or not that this implies.

Author(s) Details:

Traoré Kassoum,
University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire and Associated with the Ivorian Center for Economic and Social Research (CIRES-Abidjan), Côte d’Ivoire.

Fofana Memon,
University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire and Associated with the Ivorian Center for Economic and Social Research (CIRES-Abidjan), Côte d’Ivoire.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V8/article/view/12412

Hatchery Management of Major Cultivable Fin-Fishes | Chapter 10 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

 The significance of captive breeding and hatchery administration assumes greater meaning in increasing finfish production. This branch has been organized to give an overview of the organic breeding habitats of finfish from bordering the water sources and seed group from riverine as well as salt solution sources. The importance of hydrological and hydro-organic factors concerning the natural breeding of finfish has happened dealt with in detail. The intercourse maturity and breeding seasons of miscellaneous cultivable species stressing the development of gametes in male and female fishes have been handled. Different methods of training finfish. Induced breeding of fin fishes, the effect of material factors on spawning has existed explained. Different aspects of administration of broodstock.

Author(s) Details:

Rana Rushirajsinh Jitendrasinh,
Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Science, Kamdhenu University, Veraval- 362265, India.

A. S. Kotiya,
Fisheries Research and Training Center, Kaamdhenu University, Mahuva, Gujarat, India.

K. H. Vadher,
Fisheries Research and Training Center, Kaamdhenu University, Mahuva, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V3/article/view/9775

Traditions and Cultural Heritage: Genesis, Reproduction, and Preservation | Book Publisher International

 

The contributions assembled in this volume are the products of an intensive graduate seminar with a strong and practical focus on writing. Methodologies discourses and advices, useful as they can be have limited practical impacts. One learns how to write by writing, over and over again. Accordingly, as the seminar name “Writing Anthropology” suggests was designed through weekly written and oral exercises to practice research writing based on current standard.  It is however, the teaching methodology set in place to achieve the formulated goal that set this experiment aside. The pedagogy set in place in this project empowers graduate students, through implementation of mechanisms of collective decision-making. The students are the one making decision about the research themes to be investigated during the whole semester. Each student anonymously suggests a theme. The suggested themes are then listed alphabetically with their frequency of iteration and returned to the students to craft a short list and narrow the range of choices.  The student body of that semester decided to focus on a combination of two themes addressed from China perspective:  traditions and cultural heritage in anthropological perspectives. Harnessing tools from archaeology, linguistics, and cultural anthropology, the contributions examine the genesis, reproduction, and preservation of these fragile treasures of human mind.

 Author(s) Details:

Augustin F. C. Holl,
Africa Research Center, Belt and Road Research Institute, Department of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TCHGRP/article/view/9519

Cooperative Effects of Semen and Seminal Fluid of Immunized Males on Embryo Development| Chapter 6 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 6

 The differential impact of spermatozoa and original liquid of male CD1 mice vaccinated with KLH antigen (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) on the advancement of pre-and post-implantation undeveloped organisms (16 days) were examined. We show that vaccination of male mice decreases the progress of in vitro treatment and the endurance of undeveloped organisms at the blastocyst stage. Openness of proxy moms to the fundamental liquid of inoculated guys not just wipes out the adverse consequence of vaccination on spermatozoa, yet in addition animates the development pace of undeveloped organisms because of the upgraded conveyance of maternal assets. These outcomes highlight potential situations for the effect of antigen challenge on male conceptive capability, including inoculation or viral diseases.

Author(s) Details:

G. V. Kontsevaya,
Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.

L. A. Gerlinskaya,
Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Y. M. Moshkin,
Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.

M. V. Anisimova,
Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.

A. K. Stanova,
Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.

T. I. Babochkina,
Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.

M. P. Moshkin,
Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia and  Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V6/article/view/7912

Investigating the Effects of Dietary Energy and Protein on the semen Characteristics and Egg Quality of Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria | Chapter 9 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 At the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal Polytechnic Bali in Taraba State, a study was conducted to evaluate the semen characteristics and egg quality of three strains of indigenous Nigerian turkeys fed varied levels of nutritional energy and protein. A total of 120 day-old poults from all of the indigenous turkey strains were used in the experiment. During the 11-month trial (July 2018–August 2019), poults were brooded on commercial feed for 8 weeks. At the age of 64 days, the birds were randomly assigned to one of four feeding treatment levels for growers: T1-control (commercial feeds), T2-low energy high protein (LEHP), T3-high energy low protein (HELP), and T4-high energy high protein (HEHP) (HEHP). At the age of 196 days, eggs were deposited by T1 turkeys from all three strains. Only 5 sets of eggs were gathered in batches every 8 days. Eggs were candled for fertility and hatchability on day 7 of laying. Egg quality, semen qualities, and testicular shape were all considered among the strains and treatments. The egg quality analysed revealed significant (P0.05) differences between the treatment groups. Except for treatments T1, T3, and T4, the results on gonadal sperm reserves (trestles), extra gonadal sperm reserves (epididymis), and vas deferens exhibited significant (P0.05) variations among the treatment groups. Finally, discrepancies in growth rate, egg production, and reproductive parameters are accounted for by varied nutrition amounts on different strains of indigenous turkeys used in this study. The early findings revealed in this paper are simply the start; more in-depth research in this area is required.

Author(S) Details

Y. E. Waba
Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba, Nigeria.

G. J. Bandawa
Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba, Nigeria.

A. A. Adi
Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V2/article/view/4906

A Study on Parents’ Participation in the Sexuality Education of Their Children in Rural Namibia | Chapter 1 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

The goal of this study is to explore and describe how rural parents provide their children with sexuality education, to explore and identify children's sexuality education needs, and to identify and describe the challenges faced by rural parents in their children's sexuality education provision. In most Namibian cultures, talking about sexuality has never been easy and it seems like most parents feel awkward and ashamed to speak about sexuality openly with their kids. They do not engage in their children's sexuality education because, because of their lack of awareness about human sexuality or their perceived inability to clarify what they know, they feel they are unable to provide quality and adequate sexuality information. The process of gaining knowledge and developing perceptions, opinions and values about gender, relationships and intimacy is a lifelong process of sexuality education. This includes the growth of sexuality, reproductive health, interpersonal relationships, love, intimacy, body image and gender roles. The ultimate objective of this study was to create, identify, introduce and evaluate an educational program to encourage rural parents to engage in their children's sexual education. The research was structured to be qualitative in nature, exploratory, descriptive and contextual. It was carried out in 3 stages. Step 1 consisted of a scenario analysis to analyze and explain how sexual education is given by parents. The development of a conceptual structure that enabled the development of an instructional program consisted of Step 2. The program was introduced and reviewed in step 3, and recommendations were made and conclusions were drawn. The key findings revealed two themes: factors affecting parental involvement in the sexuality education of their children, and the need for parental participation in the sexuality education of their children. This article is part of a series of three papers resulting from a report on the empowerment of rural parents in Namibia's sexuality education program. The three papers have the following titles: one: the participation of parents in their children's sexuality education: situational analysis; two: changes in the conceptual structure to promote the advancement of the instructional program; and three: implementation and evaluation of the program. This paper dealt with the involvement of parents in their children's sexuality education: a situational study. As socializing agents, parents can serve an essential role by providing their children with standards and values and that they are the primary sources from which children derive their standards and values. Successful sexuality education also offers an opportunity for young people to discuss why people have sex and to think about how it includes thoughts, empathy for themselves and others and their attitudes, choices and bodies.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Linda Ndeshipandula Lukolo
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia Windhoek, Namibia.

Agnes van Dyk
International University of Management, Windhoek Namibia Windhoek, Namibia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V5/issue/view/7

A Comprehensive Review of Steroid Hormones in Reproduction and Roles of GnRH-a in Gonadal Maturation of Marine Fish | Chapter 11 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 2

 A series of hormones including gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs), gonadotropins (GTHs) and steroid hormones control the reproduction in teleosts. This literature review discusses the changes in steroid hormone levels in relation to sexual inversion, reproductive behaviour and gonadal growth, as well as the application of GnRH-a to induce marine fish maturation, in order to contribute to a deeper understanding of steroid hormones in reproductive and gonadal maturation. The results revealed that steroid hormones E2, 11-11-KT and DHP are abundantly produced in gonadal tissues under the influence of pituitary gonadotropins in many species of teleost, and are important for crucial gametogenesis measures. As markers for both the sex of the fish and its stage in the seasonal reproductive cycle, plasma steroid levels have been used in particular with regard to spawning induction. Determination of plasma steroid concentrations in relation to sexual identity In the ambisexual fish species, sex inversion. In addition, changes in plasma steroid levels have been clearly defined in many marine species in relation to gonadal growth, number of spawnings, fertility. The analysis also showed that exogenous administration of GnRH-a caused the final maturation of some teleosts of the brood stock. In summary, E2, T, 11-KT and C21 steroids are active in inducing gonadal maturation in some fish species in relation to sex inversion, reproductive processes, and GnRH-a. The findings of various studies have shown that certain steroid hormones such as E2, T, 11-KT and C21 steroids play a significant role in the reproductive process of teleosts. Moreover, GnRH-a is effective in inducing certain fish species to mature.

Author (s) Details

Huynh Minh Sang
Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 01 Cau Da St., Nha Trang City, Vietnam and Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Pham Xuan Ky
Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 01 Cau Da St., Nha Trang City, Vietnam.

Ho Son Lam
Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 01 Cau Da St., Nha Trang City, Vietnam.

Phan Minh Thu
Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 01 Cau Da St., Nha Trang City, Vietnam and Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/288