Covid-19 and the Endocrine System | Chapter 5 | Clinical Manifestations of Covid-19: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach

 

When SARS-CoV-2 virus, the agent responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), made its first appearance in the later part of the year 2019, it was popularly known for primarily causing respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. These symptoms were sometimes severe enough to require hospitalization and intensive care. Due to the novel nature of the virus at that time, very little was known about its extrapulmonary effects. It is now clear to the world's scientific community that the virus also affects virtually every system in the human body and not just the respiratory system.

The Endocrine system is one of the various systems affected during COVID-19 infection, and almost no endocrine gland is spared. Endocrine glands such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas and gonads are all known to be affected in varying degrees in individuals with COVID-19 virus. The aim of this review article is to provide a synopsis of how the virus exerts its effect on various endocrine cells, and ultimately provide information that would be useful in addressing potential endocrine and/or metabolic complications that may arise, following COVID-19 infection.

 

Author(s) Details:

 

Beatrice Nelson-Ogbonna
Department of Internal Medicine, Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria.

 

Jones Uwakwe
Department of Internal Medicine, Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-973195-5-6/CH5

Hormonal and Histological Effects of Star Fruit, Averrhoea carambola Fruit Extract on Female Reproduction of Wistar Rat, Rattus Norvegicus| Chapter 1 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

 

The present study investigates the effect of Averrhoa carambola ethanolic fruit extract on gonadal function and structure in female Wistar rats. Plant products with higher medicinal properties have been connected to a substantial impact on the development of novel medications. Averrhoa carambola is a well-known medicinal plant with significant antioxidant properties that is frequently used as a reproductive plant by herbalists without scientific support. A total of 15 Wistar rats weighing 100 to 143g were divided into three groups of five rats each. Food and distilled water were given to Group A, 500 mg/kg of ethanolic fruit extract of A. carambola was given to Group B, and 1000 mg/kg of ethanolic fruit extract of A. carambola was given to Group C every day for 21 days there was a substantial rise in ovarian and uterine weight in groups B and C after receiving the Averrhoa carambola fruit extract when compared to the control group. However, when compared to the control group, LH increased (p>0.0) while progesterone declined significantly. According to the findings, the extract's structural effects on the gonads of female rats were shown to be adverse. In conclusion, Averrhoa carambola fruit extract may be more beneficial as a contraceptive than a pro-fertility agent, as traditional medicine practitioners claim. The finding of this study showed that Averrhoa carambola fruit extract may have a beneficial effect on body weight, relative ovary and uterine weight, and FSH and LH activities.

Author(s) Details:

Ifedi I. Charles,
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.

Emeka Ugwuishi
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Nigeria.

Ifedi O. Blessing
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.


Nwafor C. Charles
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Nigeria.

Okeke C. Jennifer
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.


Okoye O. Fidelis
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.

Ihezuruoha S. Chinyere
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvmms/v8/3684G

Study on the Effect of Day Length and Seasonal Variation on Haematological, Biochemical and Hormonal Traits of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) in Ghana | Chapter 6 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 1

 The purpose of this study was to see how day length and season affected the haematological, biochemical, and hormonal profiles of laying Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris). Each of the four hens and one male was given 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness (12L: 12D), 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness (14L: 10D), 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness (16L: 8D), and 18 hours of light and 6 hours of darkness (18L: 6D) (18L: 6D). In a 3x4 factorial experiment, each group was reproduced three times and reared in three seasons (dry December-March, major rains April-July, and minor rains August-November). SAS's General Linear Model technique was used to examine the data. Higher by a significant amount (p0.05). 16L: 8D had the greatest (p0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), lymphocytes and eosinophils, total serum protein, and prolactin levels, whereas 14L: 10D had the highest (p0.05) neutrophil and albumin. In heavy rains, PCV and platelets were highest (p0.05), whereas red blood cells and neutrophils were highest (p0.05) in dry and minor rainy seasons, respectively. Between the dry and minor rainy seasons, total serum protein rose (p0.05). Major rains had the highest levels of oestrogen and luteinizing hormones (p0.05), while minor rains had the highest levels of prolactin (p0.05) and major rains had the lowest levels. Except for prolactin, the interaction effect was not significant (p>0.05). According to the conclusions of this study, a daylength of 14-16 hours and a substantial rainy season in Ghana sustain acceptable haematological, biochemical, and hormonal profiles of Guinea.

Author (s) Details

Korankye Okyere
Department of Animal Science Education, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education of Winneba, P.O.Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana.

Kagya-Agyemang James Kwame
Department of Animal Science Education, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education of Winneba, P.O.Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana.

Annor Serekye Yaw
Department of Animal Science Education, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education of Winneba, P.O.Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana.

Asabere-Ameyaw Akwasi
Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education of Winneba, P.O.Box 25, Winneba, Ghana.

Kyere Gyeabour Clement
Department of Animal Science Education, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education of Winneba, P.O.Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana.

Afua Sarpong Asamoa-Bonsu
Department of Catering and Hospitality, Faculty of Vocational Education, University of Education, Winneba, Post Office Box 1277 Kumasi, Ghana.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V1/article/view/2420